Map-based tools for Māori communities
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FOSS4G SotM Oceania 201922 / 52
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Dean numberPlanningObservational studyDisintegrationData structureVector potentialProcess (computing)MappingConnected spaceIntegrated development environmentLocal ringProjective planeAngleIdentity managementTelecommunicationInstance (computer science)PlanningObservational studyInformationView (database)Process (computing)Perspective (visual)Software developer1 (number)Physical systemFamilyMereologyRepresentation (politics)Embedded systemOrder (biology)Principal idealCommunications protocolData managementCASE <Informatik>ACIDAuthorizationINTEGRALMultiplication signCollaborationismOcean currentVector potentialCentralizer and normalizer
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PrototypeData structureLocal ringType theoryPrototypeMereologyValidity (statistics)Software developerRaster graphicsCircleDifferent (Kate Ryan album)Element (mathematics)Category of beingPlanningMachine visionProcess (computing)Data structureOperator (mathematics)Functional (mathematics)HypermediaBasis <Mathematik>Observational studyIdentity managementGeometryAddress spaceTime zoneMultiplication signCASE <Informatik>Web 2.0Order (biology)Group actionDefault (computer science)Computer fileStrategy gameContext awarenessInternet service providerDiagramPhase transitionFamilyView (database)Attribute grammarWebcastMedical imagingAreaVideoconferencingVector spaceGene clusterLatent heatProjective planeSoftwareLevel (video gaming)Proper mapFeedbackInstance (computer science)State of matterService (economics)Logical constantComputer animation
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MappingGodMereologyCASE <Informatik>Connectivity (graph theory)Uniform resource locatorComputer animation
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Software frameworkText editorData modelSoftwareMaxima and minimaModul <Datentyp>InformationProcess (computing)Address spaceReflection (mathematics)PlanningComputer fontDegrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)Open sourceSoftware frameworkOpen setInteractive televisionVisualization (computer graphics)Library (computing)Different (Kate Ryan album)Set (mathematics)Connectivity (graph theory)MappingDatabaseNumberLevel (video gaming)UsabilityCodeVector potentialBitFreewareFunctional (mathematics)Term (mathematics)Focus (optics)GeometryNatural numberConnected spaceInformationDefault (computer science)Process (computing)AreaFront and back endsMatrix (mathematics)QuicksortProjective planeData conversionRoundness (object)Module (mathematics)SoftwareData typeService (economics)Uniform resource locatorMathematicsElectronic visual displayMultiplication signGodMereologyPlanningDependent and independent variablesPortable communications deviceVirtualizationTranslation (relic)Interpreter (computing)Vector spaceData structureClient (computing)Image resolutionLattice (order)Skeleton (computer programming)Repository (publishing)Software developerCASE <Informatik>FeedbackFile archiverIntegrated development environmentFlow separationSoftware testingInstance (computer science)CollaborationismServer (computing)Presentation of a groupEndliche ModelltheorieSystem administratorGroup actionRight angleComputer animation
Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:01
Thank you for being here. My name is Inej, and this is Sharmila. I'm from Portugal. Sharmila is from India, and we are here today to present you the project we are currently working on, which goal is to develop map-based tools for Maori communities for Iwi tribes
00:21
in Runanga for tribal councils. So first, I would like to acknowledge the large team of researchers that are working with us, in particular, Professor Angus McFarland and Jude Penny and Ruye Caldwell, who are the facilitators and are facilitating the communication and connections with the community partners, the Maori communities that we are working with.
00:44
Sorry, if I cough in the meantime. So this project looks at developing collaborative geospatial planning tools to promote collaborative planning in Aotearoa, New Zealand by including local knowledge from Maori communities in town planning. And so, Matoranga, it's central in this research project
01:03
and refers to individual or collective knowledge, wisdom, understanding of a whenua, of the land. And so, these place-based tools intend to enable a better embeddedness of Matoranga Maori in town planning by connecting the mainstream planning with Maori planning.
01:21
Another goal is to promote Tinuranga Tirutanga. So to support communities in self-determining through the co-creation of these tools. So we are building these tools with them and not only for them, and also supporting communities in enabling their autonomy and then their leadership in planning.
01:42
Also, Reclaiming Terro, it's a goal for this project and that's why these planning tools need to be bilingual and embed Ticanga and Kaupapa Maori principles, so their protocols, their ways of doing things.
02:00
And to facilitate this, we have to immerse researchers that I mentioned previously that we affiliate with the Maori communities we are working with, Nati Fukawa and Naita Hurity. And above all, these tools must enable Fanangatanga, so connectedness between people, building the sense of belonging, of family connection
02:22
through shared knowledge, shared experiences, and also addressing the need for intergenerational knowledge exchange. So these planning tools are designed to be not only planning tools, but also tools that support communities in preserving their knowledge and their identity.
02:40
So this project focuses on two case studies, one in Rotorua District in the North Island, more specifically in Ohinamutu Village, and another one in Waimakiri District in the South Island, in the Tuahiwi Village, where our community partners, Nati Fukawa and Naita Hurity respectively, are part of the thinking and leadership of the project.
03:01
So it's important to maintain an active and iterative communication with the community representatives in order to embed their views, their perspectives, and to make sure that the user experience of the tools reflect their ways of learning, doing, knowing, sharing, so their tikanga, their customary ways
03:22
of doing things, their system of values. So the first research question of this project is what tools can support a better integration of Mataranga and tikanga in town planning? And since the current planning processes, data, and information are often dispersed and disconnected, which makes it difficult for communities
03:42
to weave cultural mapping with urban revitalization, urban regeneration, environment management. There's a need to strengthen the engagement of monofenua communities in town planning. So Maori communities have authority over the land. And our researchers realize that story maps
04:03
are definitely a key part of the answer. So mapping traditional narratives in local Mataranga, so local knowledge, to ground town planning activities. However, we need something more than a story builder because there are some ready to use solutions,
04:20
proprietary or not, easier, more complex to use. But the thing is that our partnering communities need tools that reflect their ways of sharing information, their tikanga, their governance. Tools that are bicultural, not only bilingual. Tools that allow to upload culturally relevant layers
04:45
and to examine potential land uses, for instance. Tools that inform about planning processes. So altogether, there's a need for tools that are able to allow collaborative processes of documenting cultural narratives
05:02
and creating planning strategies. So the initial stages, both case studies focused on finding out what current special data exists for both villages and documenting and mapping the traditional narratives of these villages
05:22
related to traditional and contemporary uses of the land, for instance, in order to support whanau, family, Maori families, and to reconnect with efenua and reaffirm the cultural identity of these villages and enhance the sense of place to serve as basis to a second stage
05:41
of documenting visions and aspirations for these villages supporting whanau, Maori communities in leading planning processes and informing them about the procedural steps involving different types of development for these villages. More specifically for tua hiu, it's for revitalization.
06:01
And in ohinamutu, the goal is regeneration. So this is a praise prototype we have developed to date. As I mentioned, the community partners are part of the thinking, and so they are crucial for the conceptualization and co-designing of the two. And so everything is being continually defined, refined
06:23
as we proceeded with the developments. What poses some challenges for us developers? Both of us. So we are the web JS developers of this project, especially in translating communities' views and research-based concepts
06:40
into the development of the tools. And so this is the prototype we have so far that it's a base prototype that will be later developed in two different tools. We'll address the specific needs of each case study. So we have the layers functionality working, where the users can access data from external data services,
07:03
such as from LINZ or from MFE, with appropriate distribution, of course, like aerial imagery, property titles, protected areas, so on and so forth. Or the users can upload their own datasets, raster or vector, and restyle the layers, rename them, access data attributes, and so on.
07:23
So these layers, external or uploaded by the users, are important because, in a way, we'll give context to the narratives that will be added to the tool. And in another way, we'll support and enable that second phase of documenting visions for the villages. These are some of the layers that we like to provide
07:42
by default in the tool, like industrial and use zoning and places of significance, since the Maori communities might not be used to these kind of datasets and operations. It's already possible to add the cultural narratives to the tool by adding bodies of text,
08:02
uploading media files, images, audio, videos, dragging and dropping these elements of the story, drawing geometries on the map, and adding to specific parts of the story, like a story builder, and uploading media files to specific geometries. So it's all of these functionalities that will enable local mataranga, that local knowledge,
08:25
that will then support the village planning activities. The collaborative part, it's what we are starting developing, so that structure of governance that reflects the Otikanga, through which a storyteller can co-create a narrative
08:44
with other users by asking them to collaborate in story. So users from the Fano, Hapu, Iwi, so there's a governance structure. And when the storytellers are happy with the story, they can submit it. And a kaitiaki of that kinship sector,
09:02
call it a guardian, will then validate story and provide guidance to improve the narrative if necessary. And once ready, the story can be published in the kinship sector that was submitted, and everyone belonging to that group will have access to the story, can appreciate it, provide comments, feedback, and so on.
09:21
So the storytellers are able to update the narrative at any time following this kaitiaki validation process. This next structure represents the arrangement and governance of our tool. There are four clusters.
09:40
These are examples only. And each cluster can have one or more kaitiakis. They are the validators. They are represented as the solid, small circles in the diagram. So these validators will review the story and approve it for publication.
10:01
The user can choose whether he wants his story to be made public or parts of the story to be made public so that everyone can read. The reader doesn't need to be a registered user to read the public narratives in this case. And this is the organizational chart of Ohinomoto tool. I will not go into all the details.
10:21
This tool has the temporal component, which is the timeline, and the spatial component, that is the mapping of location, and the narratives, which are linked to one or more gods according to Maori themes. The focus of the tool is about landscape features,
10:41
especially the hot springs in the Ohinomoto village and urban regeneration of Ohinomoto village. And this is the organizational chart of Twahiwi tool. And this also has the timeline component and mapping of location and narratives,
11:01
which are linked to Maori gods. And the focus here is on land use and also the urban revitalization of Twahiwi village. These tools have the potential to bridge the gap between Maori communities and the planners
11:22
by taking into account these Maori values and supporting them spatially and supporting engagement through visualization. So this is a technological stack used so far.
11:40
We are using Vue as a client framework because of the syntax, the simplicity, the usability of components, the reactivity, and so on. Open layers for the interactive display of map data and manipulation of data. That comes from external data services or from internal data services that the users upload
12:02
and are created using GeoServer. So GeoServer API is used to publish the geospatial data sets that the users upload. Django for the backend because of Python, the built-in admin, GeoJango, and so on. Django REST framework for the API
12:21
and PostgreSQL extended with PostGIS that provides spatial functions and geometry data types to the database and everything containerized using Docker that enables virtual running and portability. Several other JavaScript libraries and Python modules
12:42
are being used and deserve to be mentioned due to the incredible features that allows us to develop tools quickly and reliably. So here they are. Regarding the database model, there's nothing in particular that we want to mention,
13:01
only that the orange bits are still things under discussion. So like the governance structure, what involves user roles, access rights, things like this, or the usability of geometries or layers in different narratives. So this level of uncertainty demands
13:22
that we are continually looking ahead when we are designing the database and trying to do it as much as flexible as possible since that big changes might be required in the future while new requirements come to light as we proceed. So and this is the kind of challenges
13:40
that we developers face when dealing with ongoing process of co-creating and co-designing tools. But it's this kind of work that will allows us to ensure that the tools will suit the Maori communities and will be meaningful for Maori communities. So yeah.
14:04
Why we want to go with a free open source software? That's because of the public nature of this project. We want the communities to use it for free and to minimize the dependency from proprietary software and free ongoing use. We want these tools to be used
14:20
even after the funding ends for this project. And other obvious reasons, of course, the large degree of freedom in tool customization, wide adoption, and vast number of available libraries. And the reliability comes with due to large community continuously developing and improving solutions over time.
14:41
And our future steps, through our tools, we will provide information to support for now in initiating processes related to land reutilization, revitalization, and regeneration. We will continue working on the acknowledgement of Maturanga Maori and Tikanga. Our tools will reflect these values. And we will address future needs
15:02
identified by communities, these two communities, the Ohinomoto Village and Twahiwi Village for their place-based town planning tools. Namihi, thank you.
15:30
Kia ora. I just wanted to ask what difficulties you guys have faced sort of having a scientific matrix overlaid with a Maturanga Maori matrix.
15:42
In our case, we are a bit in, we have the research team in between. We are trying to participate in these meetings with Maori communities. We usually, we already have the, we already have the requirements a bit translated. But the thing is that we have,
16:02
like I said in the beginning, Professor Angus Macfarlane from the University of Canterbury and he works closely with the communities and we make sure that we have a continual connection with the Maori communities to have this translation
16:23
and to make sure that we don't have kind of a Western interpretation of Maturanga Maori and Kaopo Maori. Thank you.
16:40
Any responses from user testing from the communities as they utilize the tool in development? Not yet, so we have immersed researchers that are from those Maori communities who are working with us and are continually talking with the community.
17:00
And for instance, in December, early December, we'll have the first altogether and showing the prototype and start getting some feedback in terms of look and feel. So that's why this is kind of a skeleton in terms of functionalities. And this is really the beginning because it's just the layers functionalities working and the story narrative, cultural narratives
17:22
already being added. But the big part then will appear with the governance structure being put in place and also the planning processes. So that's the final goal. So it's to help them in leading planning processes and informing about these process steps.
17:44
And in a way, we want that the kind of these cultural narratives will be an archive, not only an archive or a repository of narratives, but in a way we'll inform then the planning. So that's the connection between both parts.
18:08
Maybe a little bit more technical question. You have mentioned that you're using a lot of different data sets on the visualization from free available data to community data. How do you deal with the difference in resolution?
18:23
Because your community projects are pretty focused on a specific area. And some data sets are quite coarse resolution. So how do you deal with that? In this case, we are still defining the external data services will add to the tool by default that will be present there.
18:41
And this will be mainly the aerial imagery and then mostly vector data from lens and from ministry for environment. And then in terms of the layers uploaded by the users, well, that is up to the user to update the best layers
19:01
that represent what they want to see.
19:23
Firstly, congratulations on an excellent project and I hope it goes really well. Are you going to actually be able to push any data back into open communities like open street map and the like, I know the narratives won't be there, but will you be able to actually push some data?
19:40
Yeah, this is a huge conversation and still being a huge conversation with the community partners. And that's why this all governance structure because well, in terms of cultural narratives, they want to keep it for themselves. But that's why we kind of negotiate a bit this functionality of allowing to select parts of the story
20:03
that might be public. So, and it was our way to try to get something from the cultural narrative saying that okay, through this governance, you will be able to select, okay, this part to the public is possible,
20:20
we want to keep this to ourselves. Well, let's see how it goes. I know.
20:43
Maybe, this is a thought I've been having because I've been a staunch open data advocate in the Philippines for the longest time. And then I went around and talked with the communities and maybe it's all right for some things to be hidden. Maybe that's okay. Some things could be shared and some things could be hidden.
21:00
For example, in the Philippines, as I come from there, whenever a mountain is mapped, the military comes and bumps the village. Yeah, so I'm in the now and indigenous communities. And that was an eye opener for me. We as an open data advocate, even as a Filipino,
21:20
already living there. I should be more nuanced and not universalist in this, in various case case by the way. But I just want to say that there's some of the consequences when the push for open data is too strong. And for me, I'm thinking about that very seriously
21:42
right now. I just want to say that. But I think that in a way, sorry, just to complete that, even because I think that these tools are for them, that's why we are doing this effort, creating them with them. But in a way, even if they want to keep
22:00
the cultural narratives in their group, I think that makes sense, because there are already some conversations at least in sharing the code. And that is, I think it's a great collaboration already. If the code becomes open source, so I think I'm happy with that.
22:21
Still in discussion then. Thank you, Yenis and Shavila. Can we have a round of applause for this group? Thank you.