Landmarks are yet to be integrated with mainstream mobile phone based navigation aids. In geographical regions where land marks are commonly used by the community for navigation support, the lack of them in electronic navigation aids make them less useful for such communities. In this study a land marks based navigation model is derived considering the value of them for local community in Sri Lanka. The landmarks can be prominent or not, make sense only during certain time of the day or been important differently for people with different age groups. We assume that the attributes of landmarks can be used to give a strength value for them for navigation. In this study three parameters, the visibility of them at different time of the day, the horizontal spread of the landmark and the height of them are considered as attributes which gives strength to a landmark. First, to give more importance to landmarks, we have developed an algorithm where not only the distance of a route but the strength of landmarks is also considered when selecting the best route to navigate. The A* Algorithm is used as the base which output possible shortest paths considering only the distance. This algorithm was enhanced to output the optimum paths considering both the distance and the strength of landmarks along it. If the route is having more strength related to landmarks, it is prioritized. The route��s strength is defined based on number of landmarks visible along it and the strength of them. In order to calculate the number of landmarks along a route a landmark buffer is used. The day/night visibility and the height/spread are used to calculate the strength of the landmarks along the route. We have identified that after placing landmarks on a mobile screen which have limited size, the map become too congested and it becomes difficult to read the navigation path. This is more prominent when the path is having many turns. Therefore, secondly, to utilize the limited mobile screen in more effective manner, we reduce the selected path to a linear map which shows the path reducing curves but emphasising the turns by markers. The linear map shows landmarks around significant turns and provides guidance based on landmarks. The turn confirmations are calculated based on landmarks. Douglas-Peucker algorithm is used to derive the linear path and is enhanced to identify turns and show the landmarks around those turns. A prototype implementation is done using mobile web approach to reduce the platform dependency. In the simple mobile web application developed, jQuery mobile, and php are used for the user interface development and server side implementations respectively. PostgreSQL with postGIS capabilities and pgRouting is used as a spatial database. Web services and smart queries are used to implement the basic functionality communicating with the spatial database and the front end. The application is still being implemented and tested in Sri Lanka at the moment and the outcome would be reported in due course. |