Molecular regulation of cell fate decisions underlies health and disease. In my talk, I will present mathematical and statistical models that describe molecular interactions, differentiation decisions, and single cell gene expression. We use these models to infer molecular and cellular properties from biological and biomedical data. For example, in lineage trees of differentiating blood stem cells, we often observe correlated state changes between related cells. Using these correlations and a stochastic model of the differentiation process, we find differentiation events to happen much earlier than previously anticipated. To predict differentiation prospectively, we use a deep neural network trained on image patches from brightfield microscopy and cellular movement. Surprisingly, we can detect lineage choice in blood stem cells up to three generations before conventional molecular lineage markers are observable. Finally, I will present a method for fitting stochastic models to lineage trees. Using a Bayesian inference method, we compare possible models of autoregulation, an important gene regulatory motif in stem cells.>

#INFORMATIK2018 STAGE Ada, Impuls: „Schafft Digitalisierung Arbeit (ab)?“ Prof. Dr. Jens Südekum, Düsseldorfer Instituts für Wettbewerbsökonomie (DICE) an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

Conventionally, single degree of freedom feed axes are used in machine tools. A serial coupling enables movements in several degrees of freedom. Due to this coupling, the underlying axis carries the axes arranged on it. The supporting axis also accelerates the overlying axes. Consequently, both the acceleration capacity and the dynamic behavior of the coupled axes differ. Compared to these serial kinematic chains, positioning systems with more than one degree of freedom offer numerous advantages. These are mainly the consequence of the lower masses to be moved. This results in higher acceleration and an increase in overall rigidity. In addition, the summation of positioning errors in the serial arrangement of feed axes can be avoided. In the first project phase of the basic project "Principles of a multi-coordinate positioning system for metal cutting machine tools" (DE447/126-1), therefore, IFW researched a method for the design and operation of a magnetically guided and directly driven planar positioning system. In the second project phase, which has now been applied for, the limits and benefits of the multi-coordinate positioning system will be researched. First, the control of the planar motor will be extended by compensation algorithms to reduce the parasitic detent forces and their effect will be validated. Furthermore, the potentials of model-based controllers for magnetic planar guidance are analyzed. The maximum dynamic stiffness that can be achieved by applying these various controllers will be focused. In the first project phase, it was shown that the position-dependent attraction forces of the planar motors negatively influence the guidance. Therefore, in this project phase, a method for compensating these disturbing forces is developed. The tilting moments generated by the translational acceleration are also taken into account. Based on the comparison of the dynamic properties of the multi-coordinate positioning system with those of other machine tools, the benefit of the multi-coordinate positioning system for cutting applications is evaluated. The control of the planar motors is then extended by the sixth degree of freedom. This means that the previously required mechanical torsion lock can be dispensed, so that a multi-coordinate positioning system, actively guided in all six degrees of freedom, is implemented.

The microstructure of polycrystalline ice with a threading solution of brine controls its numerous characteristics, including the ice mechanical properties, ice-atmosphere interactions, sea-ice albedo, and (photo)chemical behavior in/on the ice. Ice samples were previously prepared in laboratories to study various facets of ice-impurities interactions and (photo)reactions to model natural ice-impurities behavior. We examine the impact of the freezing conditions and solute (CsCl used as a proxy for naturally occurring salts) concentrations on the microscopic structure of ice samples via an environmental scanning electron microscope. The method allows us to observe in detail the ice surfaces, namely, the free ice, brine puddles, brine-containing grain boundary grooves, individual ice crystals, and imprints left by entrapped air bubbles at temperatures higher than -25°C. The amount of brine on the external surface is found proportional to the solute concentration and is strongly dependent on the sample preparation method. Time-lapse images in the condition of slight sublimation reveal sub-surface association of air bubbles with brine. With rising temperature (up to – 14 °C), the brine surface coverage increases to remain enhanced during the subsequent cooling and until the final crystallization below the eutectic temperature. The ice recrystallization dynamics identifies the role of surface spikes in retarding the ice boundaries propagation (Zeener pining). The findings thus quantify the amounts of brine exposed to incoming radiation, available for the gas exchange, and influencing other mechanical and optical properties of ice. The results have straightforward implications for artificially prepared and naturally occurring salty ices.

Menschen und ihr Zuhause: Demografische Veränderungen, technologische Innovationen & neue Märkte Die demografische Alterung ist zum vieldiskutierten Wachstumsfaktor geworden. Möglichst lange zu Hause zu wohnen ist weitverbreiteter Wunsch. Neue Märkte entstehen durch den dadurch steigenden Bedarf an vielfältigen (Kommunikations-)Technologien, Dienstleistungen und Unterstützungsangeboten. Dies wird auch die Entwicklung des Wohnbaubestands und dessen Bewirtschaftung massiv beeinflussen. Akteure und ihre Schnittstellen sind gefordert. Die Facetten dieser Dynamik stehen im Zentrum des 14. ETH Forum Wohnungsbau vom 13. April 2018. Schwerpunkte sind der Wohnraum im Bestand – wo die Mehrzahl älterer Menschen wohnt – auf Siedlungs-, Quartier- oder Stadtebene und auch die vielfältigen Bedürfnisse einer älter werdenden Bewohnerschaft an ihr ganz persönliches «Ageing in place». Mit zunehmendem Alter verändern sich Alltagsgestaltung und Unterstützungsbedarf in dynamischer, oft unerwarteter Weise. Wichtig werden Sicherheit, gute soziale Beziehungen und ein zuverlässiges Unterstützungsnetz im Wohnumfeld. Ebenso sind neue Qualitäten der Wohnung gefragt, beispielsweise eine hindernisfreie Erschliessung und ein leichter Zugang zu Infrastrukturen im Haus und im Quartier. Auf der Angebotsseite bietet dies Wachstumspotenzial für neue Technologien, Kommunikations- und Unterstützungsformen, Hol- und Bring-Dienstleistungen und damit verbundene Finanzierungsmodelle. Welche Ansätze und Kooperationen braucht es, um eine langfristig gute Lebensqualität in den vertrauten vier Wänden zu ermöglichen? Was bedeutet dies für die Angebotsmärkte – vor allem auch für die Immobilienwirtschaft und Immobilienbewirtschaftung? Welche Hindernisse gilt es zu überwinden? Welche Chancen zu nutzen? Und wer kann sich wie daran beteiligen? Involviert und gefordert sind Akteure aus der Bau- und Immobilienbranche, der Raumentwicklung, der Wirtschaft und Alterspolitik, der Zivilgesellschaft sowie dem Sozial- und Gesundheitswesen – heterogene Netzwerke mit vielfach unübersichtlichen und schlecht funktionierenden Schnittstellen.

FIB-SEM video composed of 501 electron backscatter images. After each image a section of 10 nm was removed and a new section was imaged. The video shows two filaments with a horizontal cross-sectional view along the length of the filament that can be seen on the right at the start of the video. The filament that is visible on the left at the start of the video follows a different direction and therefore the cross-section shows different angles. The thick layer of mineral encrustation appears as a dark seal around the filament, the ridge compartments and the cell content appear white. The encrustation is only found around the filament and not within the periplasmic space. Both filaments are strongly encrusted and the mineral crust of both filaments is partly cemented together which can be observed from 0:06 till 0:26. The encrustation is heterogeneous with an average thickness of ˜500 nm.

The DVD contains the films C 1245 "Structure and Function of the Skeletal Muscle" and C 1253 "Preparation of a Single Skeletal Muscle Fibre".

Der Grüne Weg des Open Access ist wichtig in Berlin: viele Berliner Einrichtungen betreiben Repositorien und beraten ihre Angehörigen intensiv zur Nutzung des Grünen Wegs. Dabei geht es vor allem um Verlagsverträge, die Anwendbarkeit des gesetzlichen Zweitveröffentlichungsrechts sowie um freie Lizenzen. Eine Studie zeigt, dass ca. 10% der Zeitschriftenartikel von den publikationsstärksten Berliner Hochschulen 2016 über den Grünen Weg verfügbar waren. Das Open-Access-Büro Berlin stellt eine Auswahl der institutionellen Beratungs- und Unterstützungsangebote für den Grünen Weg an Universitäten und Fachhochschulen in Berlin vor. Außerdem geht es um Fördermaßnahmen, die durch das Open-Access-Büro selbst angeboten werden, u.a. die Ergebnisse eines Workshops zur Qualitätssteigerung der Berliner OPUS-Repositorien.

PSYNDEX Direct bettet mithilfe von COinS (Context Object in Spans) bibliographische Metadaten direkt in die Trefferanzeige ein. In diesem Tutorial wird demonstriert, wie mit dem Webbrowser Firefox und dem Plugin Zotero Literaturverweise aus PSYNDEX Direct heruntergeladen und verwaltet werden können.

In the 1930s, the director of the Waried shipping company took a film camera with him on his travels. It was the era of the Great Depression - and it was also the early days of the National Socialist dictatorship in Germany. Amateur filmmaker Adolf Schneider took movies of ship christenings and launchings, their concomitant celebrations and sea trials. But he also filmed vacation trips and family outings. The movies he made render a portrait of an age and a society in transition, a society heading for a catastrophe of unimaginable proportions about which it obviously had no premonition whatever.

In an interview, illustrated with many photos, 85-year-old Fritz Gödicke talks about his life as a football player, trainer and official. After 1945, he was involved in the development of sports, and especially football, in the GDR until his retirement in 1985. He talks about his memories of the development of sports organisations in the GDR and attempts at their international recognition, and he remembers how football in the GDR developed in relation to international football and in comparison with West German football.

The CELAN opera is the result of a long and intensive occupation of the composer Peter Ruzicka with the life and work of the Jewish poet Paul Celan (1920 - 1970). The opera premiered in the Dresden Semper Opera House in 2001. Its theme is a musical treatment of Celan's complex metaphoric system and his tragic biography. The IWF filmed a performance on March 2, 2002, which is presented here in its full length in two parts.