Microwaves are widely used in fusion-relevant experiments for heating and diagnostic purposes. They suffer, however, from the problem that they have to traverse the plasma boundary, a region where substantial plasma density fluctuations are known to occur. This can significantly distort the beam and thus reduce heating efficiencies which rely on good localization of the injected microwaves (e.g. stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes). Geometrical-optics tools cannot be used to describe the interaction of the small-scale plasma density turbulence and the microwave. Instead, full-wave codes can be used which do not rely on any simplifying assumptions concerning the density variations. Here, we present a full-wave simulation (using the FDTD code IPF-FDMC) of a microwave beam with a frequency of 50 GHz injected onto a plasma with a linearly increasing background density (colour-coded in the video). A layer of turbulent plasma density has been added to, as can be seen from the video. Plotted is also the time-evolution of the absolute value of the wave electric field (the microwave is injected from the right-hand side).

Traditionally, research results presented at scientific conferences are published in conference proceedings. Additionally, an increasing number of conferences are recorded and the videos are subsequently published. In most cases these videos are published by the organisers on commercial platforms or directly on the conference website. Therefore, a systematic search for conference recordings is difficult. Moreover, the videos are often lost after a short time e.g. because the URL changes or external links lead to nowhere. Usually, conference websites are not maintained on a long-term basis and commercial platforms may remove videos or change the conditions for access for a variety of reasons. Finally, to ensure an unproblematic re-use of the material questions of licencing, technical quality and formats have to be solved in advance. In order to prevent the loss of conference recordings the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB) has developed the AV-Portal. The AV-Portal provides the ideal infrastructure to host, find and reuse scientific videos. It's a single access point for videos from different conferences and years. All videos are assigned a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). These persistent identifiers allow for reliable referencing both as stable online links and as correct citations in scholarly work. In this talk we describe how sharing scientific results via audio-visual media has become an important part of scientific communication and how conference recordings may complement the classical conference proceedings and add new value to the presented research. By discussing the whole process from pre-conference organisation to publishing and archiving the recordings we show pitfalls, best practices and opportunities of recordings for both conference organisers and participants.

Die Arbeit der Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau gliedert sich in drei Fachbereiche: Die Bautechnik, die Geotechnik und den Wasserbau. Hier in Gebärdensprache erläutert.

An environmental scanning electron microscope was used for the first time to obtain well-resolved images, in both temporal and spatial dimensions, of lab-prepared frost flowers (FFs) under evaporation within the chamber temperature range from -5°C to -18°C and pressures above 500 Pa. Our scanning shows temperature-dependent NaCl speciation: the brine covering the ice was observed at all conditions, whereas the NaCl crystals were formed at temperatures below -10 °C as the brine oversaturation was achieved. Finger-like ice structures covered by the brine, with a diameter of several micrometres and length of tens to one hundred micrometres, are exposed to the ambient air. The brine-covered fingers are highly flexible and cohesive. The exposure of the liquid brine on the micrometric fingers indicates a significant increase in the brine surface area compared to that of the flat ice surface at high temperatures, whereas the NaCl crystals can become sites of heterogeneous reactivity at lower temperatures. There is no evidence that, without external forces, salty FFs could automatically fall apart to create a number of sub-particles at the scale of micrometres as the exposed brine fingers seem cohesive and hard to break in the middle. The fingers tend to combine together to form large spheres and then join back to the mother body, eventually forming a large chunk of salt after complete dehydration. A present microscopic observation rationalizes several previously unexplained observations, namely, that FFs are not a direct source of sea salt aerosols and that saline ice crystals under evaporation could accelerate the heterogeneous reactions of bromine liberation.

During the approximately 18–32 thousand years of domestication [1], dogs and humans have shared a similar social environment [2]. Dog and human vocalizations are thus familiar and relevant to both species [3], although they belong to evolutionarily distant taxa, as their lineages split approximately 90–100 million years ago [4]. In this first comparative neuroimaging study of a nonprimate and a primate species, we made use of this special combination of shared environment and evolutionary distance. We presented dogs and humans with the same set of vocal and nonvocal stimuli to search for functionally analogous voice-sensitive cortical regions. We demonstrate that voice areas exist in dogs and that they show a similar pattern to anterior temporal voice areas in humans. Our findings also reveal that sensitivity to vocal emotional valence cues engages similarly located nonprimary auditory regions in dogs and humans. Although parallel evolution cannot be excluded, our findings suggest that voice areas may have a more ancient evolutionary origin than previously known. Genetic tagging, the unique identification of individuals by their DNA profile, has proven to be an effective method for research on several animal species. In this study we apply non-invasive genetic tagging from feather samples to reveal the genetic structure and estimate local population size of red-and-green macaws (Ara chloropterus) without the need to capture these animals. The study was centered in the Tambopata region of the Peruvian Amazon. Here macaws frequently visit clay licks and their naturally molted feathers provide a unique source of non-invasively sampled DNA. We analyzed 249 feathers using nine microsatellite loci and identified 221 unique genotypes. The remainder revealed 21 individuals which were ‘recaptured’ one or more times. Using a capture-mark-recapture model the average number of different individuals visiting clay licks within one breeding season was estimated to fall between 84 and 316 individuals per clay lick. Analysis of population genetic structure revealed only small genetic differences among regions and clay licks, suggesting a single red-and-green macaw genetic population. Our study confirms the utility of non-invasive genetic tagging in harsh tropical environment to obtain crucial population parameters about an abundant parrot species that is very difficult to capture in the wild.

Cities are fundamental to climate change mitigation, and although there is increasing understanding about the relationship between emissions and urban form, so far this relationship has not been used to provide planning advice for urban land use. Here we present the Integrated Urban Complexity model (IUCm), a framework that computes climate-smart urban forms, which are able to cut in half emissions from urban transportation. Furthermore, we show the complex features that go beyond the normal debates about urban sprawl vs. compactness. Our results show how to reinforce fractal hierarchies and population density clusters within climate risk constraints to significantly decrease the energy consumption used for transportation in cities. The new model that we present aims to produce new advice about how cities can combat climate change.

Supplement to paper Heinrich events show two-stage climate response in transient glacial simulations in submission to Climate of the past Abstract: Heinrich events are among the dominant modes of glacial climate variability. During these events, massive iceberg armadas were released by the Laurentide Ice Sheet, sailed across the Atlantic, and caused large-scale climate changes. We study these events in a fully coupled complex ice sheet–climate model with synchronous coupling between ice sheets and oceans. The ice discharges occur as internal variability of the model with a recurrence period of 5 kyr, an event duration of 1–1.5 kyr, and a peak discharge rate of about 50 mSv, roughly consistent with reconstructions. The climate response shows a two-stage behavior, with freshwater release effects dominating the surge phase and ice-sheet elevation effects dominating in the post-surge phase. As a direct response to the freshwater discharge during the surge phase, the deepwater formation in the North Atlantic decreases and the North Atlantic deepwater cell weakens by 3.5 Sv. With the reduced oceanic heat transport, the surface temperatures across the North Atlantic decrease, and the associated reduction in evaporation causes a drying in Europe. The ice discharge lowers the surface elevation in the Hudson Bay area and thus leads to increased precipitation and accelerated ice sheet regrowth in the post-surge phase. Furthermore, the jet stream widens to the north and becomes more zonal. This contributes to a weakening of the subpolar gyre, and a continued cooling over Europe even after the ice discharge. This two-stage behavior can explain previously contradicting model results and understandings of Heinrich Events.

Karneval in Patamban wird im ganzen Dorf gefeiert, ein Tag zum Späße machen. Die Mädchen halten kleine Stiere in der Hand und jagen damit die jungen Männer. Es wird auch getanzt, einen Stierkampf symbolisierend. Die Cargueros der drei Darstellungen von Maria haben besondere Pflichten zu erfüllen. Sie laden Gäste zu sich ein, verteilen Früchte, Tamales und Brot. Auch die Encendedoras der Mariä Empfängnis haben Gäste eingeladen. Sie helfen, die Pflichten zu erfüllen. Am Nachmittag holen die Cargueros von den Feldern Stiere aus Maisstangen ins Dorf. Die Cabildos, die Ältesten des Dorfes, brandmarken sie. Anschließend kämpfen sie miteinander. Dieses Jahr traf man sich im Gehöft des Kene, des Carguero der Mariä Empfängnis, da ihre Kapelle im Kirchhof nicht genutzt werden konnte. Der Karneval endet am Aschermittwoch mit einer Prozession der drei Jesusfiguren und dem Aufbringen eines Aschekreuzes auf der Stirne der Gläubigen.

Die DVD besteht aus den Filmen C 1245 "Aufbau und Funktion des Skelettmuskels" und C 1253 "Präparation einer einzelnen Skelettmuskelzelle".

In einem mit zahlreichen Fotos illustrierten Interview erzählt der 85jährige Fritz Gödicke als Zeitzeuge von seinem Leben als Fußballspieler, Trainer und Sportfunktionär. Gödicke erlebte an verantwortlicher Stelle ab 1945 die Entwicklung des Sports in der DDR, insbesondere des Fußballs, ehe er sich 1985 ins Privatleben zurückzog. Seine Erinnerungen umfassen den Aufbau wichtiger DDR-Sportorganisationen und das Bemühen um ihre internationale Anerkennung in den 50er Jahren sowie die Entwicklung des DDR-Fußballs im gesamtdeutschen und internationalen Vergleich.

Lernen ist eine organische Leistung des Gehirns und beruht auf dem koordinierten Zusammenspiel von molekularen, zellulären und systemischen neuronalen Prozessen in den kooperierenden Subsystemen von Motorik, Sensorik und Assoziation. Zeitbefristet entfalten sich individuelle Dispositionen für selektive Fähigkeiten, welche die Motorik, stirnhirnrelevantes Denken in Raum- und Zeitkategorien, den lateralisierten Erwerb von Sprach- und Kunstfertigkeiten und limbisch induziertes motivations- und emotionsbedingtes Verhalten ganzheitlich einbeziehen. Dargestellt wird, daß (1) Lernen in kleinen und großen Regelkreisen stattfindet, die sich selektiv durch Struktur-Funktionskopplung stabilisieren; (2) Lernen den Regeln von aktivitätsbedingter Reorganisation folgt und immer nur aus individueller motivationaler und emotionaler Dynamik getragen ist und weder IQ noch EQ allein, sondern beide zusammen die Voraussetzung für einen Lernerfolg bilden; (3) vom Individuum sensomotorische und assoziative Regelkreise ganzheitlich und selbstverstärkend in den Lernprozess einbezogen werden, d. h. zwingend "Lernen durch Lehren".

Persönlichkeitsaufnahme des Tübinger Altphilologen und Literaturwissenschaftlers vom Januar 1967. Schadewaldt spricht über seine frühe Begegnung mit Goethe und die Arbeit am Goethe-Wörterbuch. In einem kurzen Gespräch mit Ernst Zinn werden philologische Fragen der Interpretation und des Historismus erörtert.

Nach einer langen, intensiven Auseinandersetzung des Komponisten Peter Ruzicka mit Leben und Werk des jüdischen Dichters Paul Celan (1920 - 1970) entstand die Oper CELAN, die in der Dresdener Semperoper 2001 uraufgeführt wurde. Die Oper zeichnet die komplexe Metaphernwelt Celans sowie dessen tragisches Leben musikalisch nach. Die IWF konnte eine Vorstellung am 2. März 2002 in Dresden aufzeichnen, die hier in voller Länge in zwei Teilen präsentiert wird.