at the at the top of the mixture and taking the and

called and hard to build it subject to the home and it's so thank you very

much so thank you for coming I appreciate that there

are some people still interested in fish as he sets it's not a very sexy topic and it it's it's hard to get low interested but maybe all managed to spread some fish laughter and it's coming minutes so if I could change the slide

so just to tell you give you a brief introduction to ocean and now we are international and you we are science-based we carry our

own bags of exploration and see our expeditions and our work is targeted at changing policy so uh making sure that fisheries can be more sustainable and more transparency and uh Annemie Neyts pirates illegal fishing

and the so today I will try to tell you about the challenges and possible at technology solutions to some problems and challenges that

we face in the oceans 1st of the 10 is the research itself and then we have like freaky problems when we think

about as symbol fisheries this is overfishing and illegal fishing and seafood traceability yeah the when you think about social research the main challenge we have is that oceans are deep great and emotions are you check has little trouble so this

is the principal challenge how to so see what's happening on the seabed how to monitor their the service of the oceans we use underwater robots like this ROV remotely operated vehicle

this is a solution for checking that deep sea for example at that some bigger than and let's say 50 meters 100 meters because the divers can only go as deep as 20 40 maybe 40 meters deep so these are waves are designed to sustained

pressure at the very high debt for example like 1 thousand meters to free 5 even have 2 centimeters in the case of just robust yeah this is the

operation of lunch again underwater robots this so as you can see here this cable connecting the robot is fire this fiber optic so we can have data

transmission of the images that footage that you can get from the from this unit it's quite a um challenging because of underwater currents basically when you let the ROV is crucial to get it in the right position and not to lose

its because if you lose it at 5 thousand or 2 thousand 201 thousand meters deep it's very hard to achieve yes at the kind of images we got from the seabed where sometimes quite

depressing because you can see basically money the everywhere uh there are signs of

human activity human impact even at 500 meters and 100 meters that so uh starting with tires litter lot of plastic bags uh borrows also a ghost nets goes nets are abundant nets that can keep on fishing why they float always just uh got to this

you red and stay there are some things for and this is a trap for marine organism as well

and so when you think about other ways to explore the oceans there also gliders user like

small submarine autonomous robots a whole malls by means of buoyancy so they go up and down why don't reach the surface they can I extend to date via satellites and the good

thing about the gliders is that they're completely antonymous and date once allegedly either it can stay the water for weeks or even molds and has a range of hundreds of kilometers a glider is normally used to are a take measurements such as

temperature of mn sea currents and clarify love Orisons acoustics but on there so their use for all kinds of measurements there are also

drawings that you can use uh there's like plenty of different applications

of drones you can follow whales marine mammals and the a migratory species to check their migratory you can use them for a while and for example for a checking off

any navigation hazards or pollution spills you can use and also for monitoring of illegal activities or monitoring of Mary in protected areas so there's a whole array of

applications still to explore so these where like the basic technology right you can use to explore the oceans sense when we think about problems and challenges in ocean conservation 1 of

them is fishing and this is a problem that's in Europe maybe it's not known because we think that we are up there we the

leaders of sustainability and the environment the protection in case of fishing it's not entirely true of and you may not realize the rate of overfishing in the Mediterranean Sea is very high it's 93 per cent of all the fish stocks whereas in that funding the tendency was good we're going down and now we're more like half half half those stocks are

fished in a sustainable way and have of the fish has to overexploited so there's a lot of there's a lot of improvement to be done when we

think about European fisheries it's not about science and it's not about

technology I wish there was some technology solution last so the ability to resolve this problem however it's a political decision that fishing quotas fishing limits

said every December in Brussels where 28 ministers of fisheries food and agriculture column and basically they negotiate the few quote that's the quot does

their fishing were supposed to be based on science so what scientists give advice on how much fish again fish in order for the stuff to be sustainable so that they can reproduce however in practice it's more about politics and horse-trading I would say rather fish trading so the ministers common after locker negotiations they come with this and that amount of fish the problem we're having

is that they for overfishing soul the country number 1 and number 1 which has a lot for all the fish in the last

70 years was Spain they overfished by 38 per cent which makes almost 1

million tons of fish as a case in Germany it's on the 5th place so their rate of overfishing in case of Germans 22 per cent which makes almost half a million of tons of fish that should not be fished in order to be sustainable so this kind

of a question maybe you could ask you Minister Mr. Christian Schmidt who is the phenomena so for food and agriculture and he lost about system-initiated fishing limits

so and it is very important to hold the politicians accountable you have to keep pressure on them and you have to show that you care because nobody cares about fish if you Tweet add their ministry maybe they which change their mind and the see that there's somebody more than just fishing companies and fishing lobby and

people care about this the another problem we have is pirate fishing and this is our use my fancy call

and underline that this is not how Paris look anymore when you think about parrot fish and these days it looks like this it's IUU fishing illegal unreported

unregulated fishing so fishing where you have no permission to fish in places where you cannot fish fishing for suspicious that they cannot fish fishing using years that is illegal or all basically of fishing more that you're supposed to this is a big

problem for the environment uh because you impacted them marine life is a problems the social problems because it can cause social impacts there were also cases of slavery and human rights abuses in such situation of illegal fishing and it's a problem for the economy because it creates a bit closer so In all of to better monitor

fishing 1 made think of using ground-satellite seperate daytime and this data is I use for example by 1 of the tools

which is called the global fishing watch and it's an interactive tool that basically uh visualizes their supply data in order to give

free access to everybody to information about where fishing activities is taking place a if you go to the website you can check this tool and it gives you the on the map of uh fishing grounds you can take different values for example you can check applied a few for marine

protected areas for their exclusive economic zones of each country's high seas and so

basically it will show you according to different layers of filters the table but then if you looking for all these yellow that's like that's are efficient potential fishing activities

so we can see you can see how that is concentrating in certain areas where they're very an abundance of fish stocks you can also change the time line so you can monitor the fishing that took place last week

and last of or even 4 years ago because this database the covers 4 and a half years and over to 6 thousand fishing vessels yeah and this is based on satellite Technology Inc and called i it's automatic

identification system and this is a tracking system which is based to avoid marine collisions so as most of this fishing vessels and all bigger vessels are equipped to this is to devise they send the signal form to the lands to their country

authorities but also to the surrounding ships basically transmit information about them and the data that they just made it so in the name of the vessel of the signal name the speech the direction and so the type of vessel so based on all this information you can figure out what kind of researchers and ways of moving and so

the system basically you're in cop gathers all this they processes it and based on allegories and machine learning it shows you which misses are likely to be efficient because for example an efficient activity of course the speed slows down and the busses moving in a certain way

depending on their fishing gear that it's using so where is it used to be a xed rates of course it may go all of a sudden the exact of lowers speed so can tell that this is actually there's some kind of activity that reminds of fishing as a case study of O show you

how we can apply this tool

and this is the situation before the cleric and noting zone in the central Pacific Ocean and fighting silence protected areas so before generate 2015 there was a lot of fishing activity going on you can see all the light starts after the climbed dead marine

protected area which is the red square if

you said their timeline from January 1st and you see that there is hardly any activity going on so that shows that actually demurring protect areas is working and so the from the fishing vessel of avoiding this protective barrier this tool may also serve to check how well respected this in no he digs on is for example this is a case of

1 of the fishing vessels that enter the zone of the regular speed you can see the strange Ryan

and then it started doing some kind of strange uh chorus which was potentially fishing and then we went out

so this kind of data when the controlling authority they say something stepping there they can send their controlling vessels a coastguard and check what was the kind of activity was at goal that illegal so this is a good indication and actually this vessel was you get efficient in his own that was not supposed to there you can also

check for a different other filters and this tool like Tuesday kind of leads that you want to money turn in this example you can

see it displayed in the yellow color in Japan in red and South Korea in the violence so we can see that there are certain zones where the fishing vessels stalls because basically there's a big biodiversity there and the abundance of fish

stocks another problem and another challenge

that we have for when it comes to fisheries is the seafood trade which is 1 of the most globalized businesses the market very

complex here as you can see their trade flows are quite complicated

because some of the fish is fished 1 they than can be sent to China to process that's and back to Europe to cells so it's it's an extremely globalized markets

hence their traceability of seafood there is a big challenge when it comes to Europe that we are 1 of the leading Kosovo markets as you know we have 5 100 million consumers

citizens consumers and the are annual consumption is about 24 kilos of fish per year was of course a virus and self and suffered countries to Mediterranean countries the countries that the consumption is a bit higher however we are very dependent on imports so we import 60 per cent of fish that we consume this is because our stocks are overfished and

because also we consume a lot another question now when we think about specific trait is along supply chains so from the moment that the fish is called the fishing

vessel to the moment that it it's available at your local fishmonger only in the restaurants where goes to the final consumer it takes a lot of different stages of processing transport

or us selling so at the age of this of stages the mailman something might go wrong in terms of traceability it is also known that when it comes to meet its there is if identifying we got 4 maybe 5 basic types of needs

and more or less people can tell the difference between chicken pork and beef that in case of fish it's a whole array of different types of fish

seafood white fish can you really tell the difference between a call to States Alaskan pollock hi camp as used it's hard to tell us and we diplomats that this problem in Brussels when we

make DNA testing in them yeah you can basically get something of that you want we test that's 150 restaurants in Brussels and over 280 of fish

dishes and the result was that 1 offered of this all fish was slave soul your notes given what you that's they pretended to be something

of the demand in in practice that was something else feel free to uh less expensive species or in case of call to it where like up to 10 different species that were pretending to be called so it's a potential problem in the

restaurants to find out the and the reason I is because the fish others set looks quite the same it's hard to really tell what's the difference between both into not which is very expensive

exquisite and so uh not really that in the best condition and fish and yellowfin tuna which is more popular it's cheaper it's

easier to get so in over 80 % of the cases that the sellers were claiming to sell this kind of fish it was different type of tuna especially in so she was done so which was it's really hard to get especially when you

think that it's all or are so whenever there shape looks very cheap it's something fishy about it then you should be concerned so all this type of fish might be you look like a very complicated world for people who

have no idea about fisheries uh I can tell you as an anecdote that's why we were testing the fish it took us 3 months of fitting fish every day we want to go to restaurants took a very small samples under cover and then they give

it to the university of leuven 2 tests for genetics and we had sample that was very problematic because they could the magic of any fish to the head in the database and they had about 11 thousand the from the DNA they for fish so they tho as the probability of the fish so we still don't know what we hate maybe it was the rats are something else but it was not fish

so solution to improve traceability of seafood so you may think about different acknowledges you may think about different use of Big Data you may think about blockchain which is becoming more and more popular as a solution to traceability problems in supply chains you

can think about trade transparency apps that help their customers of and

consumers to what fish of another and also spread awareness about the system about the status of a given the fish and different sets of database websites that try to help and this challenge however if

we think about technology and as I said there is no silver bullets and that's it all depends on human factors so whenever you order fish my recommendation would be to get to know it sound

status if there's any particle fish that you like to try to check out as a sustainable how was it finished I ask questions to ask questions in the restaurant as questions of the fishmonger because if your concerns the cipher

providers will be also concerned so I have them was it imported it's is a domestic house it call to the sustainable I sure this this kind of fish how do you know just ask questions be inquisitive and also a as I said fishing quotas are political problem so contact your representatives members of European Parliament contacted the minister and tell them basically to

stop overfishing bank thank you very

much and please follow sense how best to the level of fishing and spend a lot of thank you thank and there's some time for some questions and

hopefully answers here some Christians as resident would come to you but not so sorry it hello

and I have a question and I stop eating fish because this reason like a while back

but I always thought about like fish that was uh on stock what to that just like that only fishing pools where they brief the fish what about these kind of fish now aquaculture but here the culture yes was just what jumping in the middle of

something new what's still opinion on this and here is the sole Alistair Camelot efficiently because we many work on wild fish and fisheries 1 fishes to sustainable because features can be sustainable if you take out the amounts that it's not it's small enough to make their stock population recover it can be sustainable and so is less impactful learning and the agriculture for example when you think about aquaculture so

fish farming it's more it's also challenging because you have to think about the way you impact environments what do you do with the ways what the deal with under biotics how do you keep their uh uh euros fish healthy so the it can be tricky I am also another consumer

perspective question like there's a bunch of you know seals than in audits limiters and see MSE the sustainability of the cetera I never

know which of those I can trust like I stop eating fish because I felt so bad about overfishing and I was so wrong like worry about making the wrong choice that just decided not to eat any which is probably the wrong approach to because you wanna give your

money to support those who are doing the right to keep them in business and continue doing the right thing in changing the minds of everyone else so is there a certification in that you say well they're actually do really good job in tracking the fish that these

products or abuse of suppliers or sellers are using there are many types of labeling and

certification however the problem is there's no 1 not consistent and globalized standard the question is what you really consider sustainable some some certificates they consider only the system milady environmentally there are also questions of social sustainability is sourced in a way that respects for example human rights so there is no 1 no good label I would say you have to on the other hand there a label is better than the labor the whole so we have to be make your own choice it's not in the

and I wanted to ask the besides those protected areas where else is being done on what else could be done to avoid these pirates To avoid pirate fishing

there there are many ways 1 of the ways is cut them off the market that will be market incentive basically uh make sure that these companies they don't get insurance coverage that they they're not so I love to fish and from simple they're not allowed to take credit from the bonds for example there will be on addressing the illegal fish from completely different sites of course there's control and monitoring surveillance by Coast

Guard but it's not always possible prices so they challenge is to identify and those companies are often kind of very untransparent you

can't really see whole is benefiting from setting the stage because there are many like middle companies in the between so you have to find out the ends cut them off from the market so that they cannot sell the fish that the court that the catcher in it away and 1 last question a uh 1 question

is is there a point of no return so when is the date when when we have overfished when there's a lot when there's a wins over stage when is the demand that the overfit how do we know this year you then generous with their uh the moment what will come well we have learned some

stocks the moment has come for example there's a case in in called in your family of new found in the Canadian Coast that was completely called fisheries collapse in the early nineties and only only now after 25 years it slowly recovering so normally the wrath awaken is with you see that there's no more fish but now today with uh statistical methods we have uh we can assess the state of the of the of the biomass so we just check how much fish from a small phased arrays what's reproduction rate With the mortality and you can assess by something guns so there as dues that deal with this question and they provide the scientific advice to the ministers and it should be respected but it's not always the case and that's a problem but if you dare scientific methods of biology that deals with thank you for coming by his music

thank

you the world if the 4