Hello, everyone. My name is Ruichao Kong. I'm from National Institute for Environmental Studies. Today, I would like to talk about the evidence for the development of energy resonance in Fukushima prefecture after the Great East Japan earthquake. Now, let me

introduce the research background. Taking the lessons from the Great East Japan earthquake, the nuclear-reliant energy policy in Fukushima has been transferred to photofill and renewable energy for better resonance towards the future disaster. Combating the global warming, Fukushima prefecture made more efforts on promotions

of renewable energy than photofill, filling third stream of renewable energy, renewable airport megasolar projects, and so on. Now, my questions are, how does the energy system

develop after the GGE? Whether the resonance of its energy system is enough? Let me introduce the study area. Fukushima prefecture, as the blue area shown on the

map, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station was destroyed by the tsunami, lead to huge economic and environmental impacts. In this study, we will talk about

these impacts on the energy system. The work floor is shown in finger two. At first, the facility name, capacity, and location of these facilities were collected

from a power plant database, and the capacities were updated until 2020. Then, these facilities were mapped as points by the coordinates. Finally, the capacities and gap before and after the GGE were summarized by a one-kilometer resolution mesh. The energy system in 2010

is made as the condition before the GGE, and which in 2020 is made as that after the GGE. To clarify the condition of energy system before the GGE, we summarized the total capacity

of facilities by types. As shown in the left figure, the total capacity of nuclear power in 2010 accounted for the largest proportion of 48 percent, for the fuel power, 40 percent,

and the renewable power, 12 percent. As shown in the right figure, we give the distribution for 231 power plants. The blue dot with the red star inside shown the

plant with the largest capacity. And from this figure, we found most of them belong to the hydropower facilities. For the condition of energy system after the GGE, as shown on the left figure, we can see that the total capacity of nuclear power went to zero,

and the other two types of facilities were both increased. The total number of facilities were increased to 625. As shown on the right figure, we found most of them

belong to the solar power facilities. To exploit the relationship between the special distribution of power facilities and population, we overlaid the municipal population map and the facility point map together. From there, this figure we found

these facilities are mainly concentrated in the municipalities with a higher population. And there is a high potential to develop the renewable energy in the areas with lower populations. To capture the total capacity gap before and after the GGE,

we summarize it by a one kilometer resolution mesh. As shown in the figure file, the red grids located on the eastern coastal areas show the currently constructed facilities with large

capacities. In the middle areas, the number of grids are more than the eastern areas, where power facilities are with lower gap because much more solar power facilities newly constructed there. Meanwhile, there have been almost no facilities constructed in the western

areas, where belong to low population density areas. It reflects a fact that the increased capacities of facilities mainly concentrated in the population intensive areas since the GGE.

The conditions of electricity supply facilities before and after the GGE were listed on table one. We could see that the facility number and total capacities of solar power increased significantly, which proved a high development of renewable energy. The capacities of biomass

coal-fired power plants increased most of all, and the total facility number increased. However, total capacity of all plants decreased due to the shutdown of nuclear power.

We explore the evidences for the development. We summarize the total capacities of facilities certificated by the FIT stream and give the distribution of them by municipalities. We found the capacity of solar power certificated has increased in this period,

which is consistent with the trend for solar power indicated before. The total capacity of all facilities increased from 17 million watts to 1,700 million watts,

which gives the evidence for the development of renewable energy. The figure below gives evidence for high development on the renewable energy in middle and eastern areas. To evaluate whether the resonance of its energy system is enough or not,

we summarize the indicators related to the energy supply and the consumption in Fukushima before and after the GGE. The needed operating ratios for current facilities were derived

based on the well-to-to electricity supply and the total capacity of power facilities. The needed operating ratio in 2019 is lower than the mean operating ratio of solar power.

Thus, it is reasonable for the current facilities to meet the demand. We demonstrated its energy resonance was enough. As reported by IEA, the energy conversion efficiency of fossil fuel power is lower than the renewable power.

It means the renewable power can save more energy than fossil fuel power. Renewable energy is also endless, requires less maintenance and operating costs, and more healthy and

environmental benefits. Promoting the renewable energy is critical for the urban energy resonance. Through this study, we concluded that the nuclear power with major power

supplier in Fukushima and only a few renewable energy facilities existed before the GGE. The capacities of hydropower and biomass coal-fired facilities accounted for the high production at that time. After the GGE, the energy system was transferred from nuclear

reliant type to a distributed power type. Up to now, the number and the total capacity of renewable energy facilities increased significantly,

comparing to that before the GGE, especially for the solar power. The evidences showed that energy resonance in Fukushima was developed enough so as to face the rise from the future disaster and extreme climate events.

The FIT scheme was well promoted in Fukushima, making its energy system more resilient. Thus, this kind of energy policy should be highlighted.

OK, thank you very much for your attention.