English | English The film shows how chips are formed from a polished and etched testing workpiece made of free-cutting steel 9 S 20 during orthogonal cutting. In the predominantly ferritic structure the formation of chippings is generally irregular as regards primary and secondary deformation of shearing, visible deformation of workpiece and appearance of the chips. As the thickness of the chippings increases, the chip-formation changes, from the irregular flowing chip with decreasing formation of pick-up on the cutting edge to the pronounced shearing chip. |