Scheuern an einem Pfahl, Beknabbern mit den Zähnen, Wälzen auf dem Boden, Tiere in der Schwemme, gegenseitiges Beknabbern. Umkreisen der Herde durch den Hengst zum Zusammenhalten, Markieren von Kot- und Harnstellen der Stuten; Kontakt zur Stute in Vorrosse, Paarung in der Hochrosse. Ausweichabstand, Fliehen der Herde. Gähnen, Flehmen, Putz- und Rossigkeitsgesicht, Drohen, Nickdrohen, Unterlegenheitsgebärde.

Skin hygiene: a mare rubs herself on a post; a foal nibbles itself with its teeth; a stallion rolls around on the ground. Several wild horses are congregated at a watering-place. The social skin hygiene of the horses involves mutual nibbling. Mating. Ascertainment and shunning: In 1962, the evasion distance kept between the Dülmen wild horse and a human being was about 3 metres, observed both by individual animals and family groups. On the other hand, the whole herd will flee before a human being on all fours. Mimic and expressive movement: examples of nonconformative expressive behaviour are shown in yawning, sulking, drolly and sensual facial expressions.