Mount Etna eruption, located on the eastern coast of Sicily, Italy, is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and a prominent feature in the Mediterranean region. On August 14, 2023, Mount Etna erupted in a significant volcanic event that released vast quantities of ash and aerosols into the atmosphere. This eruption produced an ash plume reaching up to 8,200 meters above the crater and spreading southward over the Mediterranean. The event provided another opportunity to visualize the aerosol vertical dispersion behaviour aligned with the dynamic characteristics of the event. The AOD spatial distribution maps in Fig.11 revealed distinct layers of aerosol, with a clear upward transport of particles, especially in the lower to mid-level layers (1.5 km to 3 km) at 7:27, suggesting strong vertical convective activity driven by the eruption's intensity. As time progressed, the AOD values in the upper layers increased, particularly at the 5 km altitude around 8:27, signalling a greater vertical transport of aerosols. This upward transport continued throughout the day, with the highest values observed at 10 km by 9:57, suggesting the plume had reached greater altitudes. By 13:42, the AOD values in the 10 km layer were at their peak, reflecting the maximum extent of vertical transport before the aerosols began to disperse more horizontally. After this point, the plume’s vertical extent started to decrease (15:57), likely due to the long-distance transport of the aerosols across the Mediterranean region. This multi-layer analysis highlights the dynamic behaviour of volcanic aerosols, providing valuable insight into their dispersal patterns. An animation of sub-hourly SEVIRI multi-layer AOD estimations during the eruption (from 07:27 to 15:57) was also generated, represented as Video. S2 in supplementary, providing a detailed view of the plume's evolution over time. |