Where is the free, very high-resolution imagery?
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FOSS4G Europe 2024 Tartu152 / 156
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00:00
InternetworkingImage resolutionMetreComputer animation
00:37
Order of magnitudeInformationCollaborationismComputer-generated imagerySatelliteInternet forumKey (cryptography)Latent heatDependent and independent variablesSpacetimeImage resolutionWhiteboardProgrammer (hardware)GeometryConsistencyGroup actionSubgroupLocal GroupMappingProcess (computing)Computing platformInternet service providerOperator (mathematics)Term (mathematics)InternetworkingEvent horizonEndliche ModelltheorieOpen setRemote procedure callDifferent (Kate Ryan album)Parameter (computer programming)AreaTouchscreenBuildingSuite (music)CASE <Informatik>Musical ensembleInformation privacySatelliteResultantImage resolutionShared memoryPoint cloudEmailInformationDialectMedical imagingLevel (video gaming)NeuroinformatikSpacetimeSelf-organizationReliefMultiplication signThread (computing)WordInformation securityWebsiteData managementOcean currentComputer animationLecture/Conference
09:29
WhiteboardProgrammer (hardware)ConsistencyGeometryRoundingGroup actionSubgroupLocal GroupFAQCAN busImage resolutionWorld Wide Web ConsortiumMaxima and minimaDependent and independent variablesAddress spaceEvent horizonWeb pageSocial softwareNormed vector spaceTerm (mathematics)Computer programSpacetimeOpen setSatellitePressureComputer-generated imagerySource codePersonal digital assistantDigitizingFreewareSheaf (mathematics)Latent heatTable (information)Content (media)Channel capacityFaktorenanalyseVulnerability (computing)Functional (mathematics)Internet service providerTerm (mathematics)SoftwareSatelliteActive contour modelMultiplication signPhotographic mosaicMereologyFAQComputing platformLevel (video gaming)Different (Kate Ryan album)Open setMappingLatent heatCASE <Informatik>Event horizonBitWeb browserDemocratic Action PartyLibrary catalogMedical imagingComputer programmingSpacetimeInformationGoodness of fitSpherical capReal numberWordRevision controlDiallyl disulfideSurfaceRepository (publishing)Source codeGoogolChannel capacityImage resolutionReliefFile archiverStreaming mediaBeta functionQuantum entanglementComputer animationLecture/Conference
18:21
Channel capacityVulnerability (computing)FaktorenanalyseCodeDuality (mathematics)Level (video gaming)CollaborationismLecture/Conference
18:55
BuildingEstimationTotal S.A.Operations researchDigital object identifierIntegral domainRevision controlMathematical analysisEvent horizonSinc functionImage resolutionInformation securityHypermediaBuildingCASE <Informatik>InformationComputer animation
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Total S.A.CurvatureSoftwareSatelliteLevel (video gaming)Open setDialectCASE <Informatik>Mobile appProcess (computing)NeuroinformatikService (economics)State of matterBitPhysical lawView (database)AreaShared memoryPresentation of a groupTask (computing)Image organizerProjective planeMappingSelf-organizationField (computer science)Source codeDependent and independent variablesComputer animationLecture/Conference
24:54
Least squaresComputer-assisted translationComputer animation
Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:00
Yeah, I'm Batu, I'm just a random guy from the internet. I was a shy child when I, and like making friends in the internet, it's so nice to see that from the internet, you can now, you know, connect with so many people. And today I'm gonna talk about this topic, and when I talk about the free,
00:21
it's more like liberal, it doesn't mean only, you know, you don't pay. It's usually together, you also don't pay sometimes. But even if you pay, you may not be really free to use imagery. And the very high resolution imagery is more like under five meter resolution. I've been working in image sensing
00:41
for like around now six years, and after this event happened last year, I started to, again in the internet, I started to ask people if they need imagery because the event was particularly pretty large, and you really cannot screen this area
01:00
with only with drone imagery or aerial aircraft. Satellites are pretty useful in that sense, and I was thinking maybe, you know, we should facilitate satellites to overcome many issues there. And this is my disclaimer, I don't know what it means. Everybody posted it, and there's going to be some information,
01:23
maybe legal implication. And I really don't know, you know, I'm not really the guy who gives the legal advice. This is not a legal advice. Please do not sue me in Estonia, you know. I never imagined myself after getting drunk with folk music
01:41
and, you know, making exhibition, getting sued. It's like, I didn't want to do it. And this was the imagery from, there's a charter, International Disaster Charter, I learned, so many providers actually getting coordinated through this charter. And you see that there are many imagery actually taking,
02:01
mostly after the third day of the event because there were issues with the clouds, and getting optical imagery is not very easy with clouds. And this is particular high resolution imagery, it's like not, also high imagery, I think I didn't do the full feature. But this was basically the only imagery we could use
02:23
as a community, and most thanks to Maxar and some planet data, we were able to put it on open aerial map so that the mappers can actually use this imagery. Not only the mappers, everybody in, you know, like interested in this area
02:41
with reliefs could use this imagery for without any restriction. Why do you use, maybe you don't see much here now with this screen, but why do you need such imagery? It's usually, you know, most of the area is already destroyed. So you, it is very feasible, it's very good,
03:04
how do you say, useful to look at the imagery. Not only for mapping, also to understand what's going on actually. Like for five days, we didn't know what happened even in the region, and you have many people shouting in the screen on TV, and you know, trying to saying something,
03:20
but nobody really knows what happened there. If you have imagery, you actually have a good idea of what is happening. And it is not only for, not only for the maps after the event happened, it's more like also the before, what was there actually. Because I'm from Turkey, I knew the region,
03:41
and I know, you know, if you wanna do something in this region, I know where to go and where to look. But if you're an international organization, you probably don't have any idea of, you know, what is the region. And open street map was quite missing in terms of buildings, roads, and all the features. And we were, both for before and for after the events,
04:03
we had to map the region through tasking managers. And you can use these images as layers in tasking manager and do this, do mapping basically, or whatever information you get. The image, the thing is that actually in Europe, most of the time, you don't even have to think about it
04:22
because usually you have a very good national government, and they already provide to you a very high resolution aerial imagery. And this is for free in open map. You can map and you don't have to think about it, but if you switch countries, you'll see that,
04:40
you know, like it's not happening at all. It's the, after the event, I also involved in the release in Morocco, in Nepal, Libya, in all other countries, you have this issue. This is, for example, somewhere in Nepal, and the resolution is really, really different. It is not really easy also to map sometimes,
05:01
and you don't usually have the, even imagery at all. Currently in open map, you can use Microsoft Bink and S3 Word with imagery layers. There used to be also Maxar layer, I think since last year. You can follow up this community thread.
05:22
I like this also, this community website. There are very good discussions going on in the community, and many people are, you know, like, making arguments and accusing each other. And this, there is a long thread about this Maxar, why it happened, why Maxar just stopped. There are many reasons, as far as I understand.
05:43
It is not only for economic, it's not only for security. There are different arguments, and we really don't know, you know, like, what's happening and why it just stopped. If you ask, where is actually the very high resolution imagery, it's usually the big major providers, operators, satellite operators,
06:01
are Airbus, Maxar, and Planet right now. And if you also may use radar imagery, it is iSci and Umbra, what I know, Capella. These are really the big players right now, and you can check Miriam's actually talk from yesterday to have more idea about, you know, what's up in the space, and you can find more providers.
06:24
And there are also retailer platforms right now trying to deal with all the issues you may have, technical license issues, so that you can reach out to the imagery more easily. Because it's not only for technical issue,
06:42
not only for licensing issues, you also probably have many issues with dealing with satellite imagery, because it is really not, how do you say, it is not just the common thing that people used to process satellite imagery, you need to know GDAL, GDAL.
07:02
There are really, there are a handful of people using GDAL, I don't know. I was one of them, and I kinda, I think I'm the only guy who understand in Turkey about GDAL, I might be, we are around like 10 people. And so it's very, very hard topic, like if you wanna really deal with satellite imagery. And in International Disaster Charter,
07:23
you'll see that many of the providers also getting engaged here, you can also see where is actually very high resolution imagery through them but through the charter, you cannot reach this imagery. The charter actually is engaging with an authorized local institution.
07:41
And most probably, if you know the local institution, you can actually reach out to them. And if you are lucky, you can get the imagery. Data licensing issues, I really don't know. This is license issues, I've been dealing with them and I wanted to just use open GPT rather than chat GPT.
08:05
You can use Ollama, you can go Ollama, my friend also taught me. And in Ollama, you can actually run many different open GPT models on your local computer. There are also some website providers, you can do that.
08:21
And I just ask, you know, why can't I just buy very high resolution imagery to map regions and share with public? And the short, there were also, I had to tweak the results in the background but there are many licensing and privacy issues. Even if you buy the imagery, even if you pay,
08:44
there are restrictions on how you can use the imagery. And these really, this takes days and sometimes weeks to figure out why do you want to use this imagery. Then people ask you, you need to clarify your use case.
09:03
And especially in case of disaster, you send an email to someone and you know, you get an email back around like maybe five days later and you know, it's already five days past. It is really not easy during the disaster also.
09:23
And even if people share and they say that, okay, we have open data, why don't you use it? Most of the times, even the local governments are not aware of their licensing because there's a good group on Earth observations
09:43
and they are, I think, working on this issue specifically how satellite imagery providers are sharing data and how they should share data if you want to facilitate some use cases. And the issue, what I understand, is that the license should really clarify the use cases
10:04
and there should be sufficient legal certainty. With the license they share. If it is insufficient and uncertain, we really can know if it is okay to use this imagery. But the problem is usually that because there are, something happened in past
10:25
and we did many things. And like most of the people already maybe do not trust the government and how can they know that after this event they are not getting sued. And it is usually, it can happen and it's happening.
10:43
So people should really feel free to use this imagery and do all the reliefs so that they don't have any issue with whoever the issue or whoever they sue them. There are some license guidance actually.
11:03
It is okay to, maybe it is, these are, again, there are disclaimers and they don't give really good advice. But they kinda suggest that maybe you should release data with such licenses, mostly Creative Commons license and some others they list.
11:22
And with opposite map, my friend from Kontour that I've heard of told me about this legal talk archives. There are actually many talks about this issue, how you can use image to edit opposite map. And there are many issues about, you should not use Google Earth, you shouldn't use Google image, blah, blah, blah, blah.
11:44
There are many, many talks. And from there actually you can understand okay, what's happened in the past and okay, why it is now issue. And there are also like license legal FAQ in opposite map. I didn't see a clear guideline
12:00
about the imagery specifically. There are many answers for how you should import data to open map or edit. But using the imagery you find on some places and it's usually that you really shouldn't use any copyrighted imagery.
12:21
It is mostly I think in the licenses that you can find already the layers, image layers in the opposite map so that it is okay. And if someone already uploaded this layer to the opposite map, it's probably okay to edit the opposite map. And where is the free, very high resolution imagery?
12:42
It's actually an open aerial map. We try to facilitate this platform. If you upload any imagery to the open aerial map, it doesn't mean only satellite imagery, it's also aerial imagery. And you already declared that, oops, you already declared that it is Creative Commons license in different terms.
13:01
I think it should be okay to use this imagery in opposite map, I don't know. The platform is by humanitarian opposite map team. And we did it. And there is an open aerial map layer in opposite map. So it should be okay. And the good thing also with the platform is that
13:21
it also solves many technical challenges. You don't have to think about this. You can just download the imagery. And we mostly deal with some mosaicing problems with Maxar, for example, if you directly go to try to get the imagery from Maxar. You can also get the imagery in TMS, WMS layers.
13:41
So you don't even have to actually download the imagery. And the contour is actually maintaining a very good software and a very good mosaic layer, so that actually all the imagery from open aerial map is coming as one layer. You can also specify the timing of these,
14:00
from which time you wanna see the imagery, et cetera. And we are trying to improve that part. Other than that, mainly the Maxar open data is the only resource, they release data, Creative Commons non-commercial. For sure you cannot use for commercial case, but for humanitarian case, you can use this.
14:20
And there is this Radian Earth Stack browser, I think you can kinda understand what's going on. It is usually updated a bit, maybe one or two days after the event. We tried, at the same time, we tried to upload this imagery to open aerial map anyways. But you can find some distinctions between open aerial map and this catalog for sure. And Planet is also quite responsive.
14:43
I think they don't release data in Creative Commons license, but they, if you email them, they have specific terms of use. I'm still not sure to upload this data to open aerial map. We did at that time by taking some confirmation.
15:03
But maybe you should talk to them. They are quite responsive and they try to help. And other than that, as I said, right now, in open aerial maps, if you wanna, open stream map, if you wanna check some imagery before the event, mostly, you can use srevert world imagery
15:21
and Microsoft Bing globally. And probably your government may also facilitate this and you already have aerial imagery. Other than that, Kapele Space and Umbra has open data program. Radar imagery is actually the most useful
15:40
after the events, in my opinion, but it is hard to interpret them. So many people actually do not use it. But I also like sometimes Kapele release data, they cannot also release from everywhere. I don't know Umbra, what's going on with Umbra, they are pretty new. But radar is actually very useful imagery
16:01
because you basically have something destroyed and this is a physical feature in the surface. So even if government bodies are usually, how do you say, they try to facilitate radar imagery. And in Radio Earth Foundation,
16:21
and they are writing beta version of new source cooperative, you can also find some resources. But I didn't see any clear distinction between, you cannot easily filter very high resolution imagery. And let's see, it's usually, you need to have it go through them.
16:42
What we do is like I just created this GitHub repository, summarizing all the information and also maybe adding more specific use cases and case country specific information. Because it's really, in all events, you will have a different case depending on your country
17:01
because of very, very complex legal, how do you say, legal agreement with the providers and also the providers are making agreements commercially within the region. There are many, many entangled issues, legal, politically, legally, economically.
17:23
Why do we need better access? It's like whenever we talk with the people, especially when the disaster happen, they say that we reach out to government, we already sent the data to the government. And the problem is that there is a nice definition by IFRC that actually disasters are serious disruptions
17:43
to the functioning of a community that exceed its capacity to cope using its own resources. So the community actually failed already. Like the government already failed, in my opinion, if it is a disaster. So the government already cannot relief from the disaster.
18:03
Maybe it is good to also engage with the community because it is not only us, it is like many people from US, like Europe and many other parts, they try to help and it is so hard for them to engage with the government
18:20
especially during these times. And this was like the amount of work that we had to do. We had to engage like around maybe 10,000, nine and 10,000 people through OpenSmap. And we had to map around like two million buildings and like how many roads. And it is only for the public collaboration.
18:41
And at the background, we also had to do many, many other things because many, many other governmental institutions actually were approaching to me to find out some data. So it's only the public one. For conflicts, for example, the recent one, I think it's worth to mention.
19:02
Also in conflicts, usually you don't have access for sure. It's depending on which country you are, again. And communities may ask you not to actually release data. I think it was the case in Ukraine and Russia war. And with Gaza, I think again,
19:23
many people are having the issue and there's a very good analysis by these professors and they used only Sentinel-1 radar data to map the damaged buildings. I think it's important also in some conflicts to release this data because mainly, since this event started,
19:42
I've been bombarded with misinformation on social media about what is going on in the region. And I think very high resolution imagery is really factual information so that you avoid misinformation, which is itself, in my opinion, a security problem. And that's basically it.
20:01
We still have some projects about Marmar earthquake is gonna happen next. In our next earthquake, before the earthquake, I hope we're gonna finish some of the tasks there. Thank you.
20:22
Thanks so much, Beto. This topic also resonates, I think, with many of us as a Mexican who has many large earthquakes. People doesn't think, institutions doesn't think that every minute counts and there is still people on their tons of material that was destroyed, waiting for wind rescue. And all this bureaucracy, institutions not releasing
20:42
and companies is costing so many lives that could be saved. So thanks for this presentation. So questions.
21:02
We have three minutes, so maybe one question, two will be great. Had been only once in open area data just to see which kind of data was there.
21:22
And I was looking for something in Germany, not in a place after a disaster. It was only drone flights done by people usually on their own house or field or whatever, some very small, and then post-processed with any software to make an orthopedic. I was kind of, I don't have a global view
21:43
of a village, of a city, just have really small spots and a bit useless. Yeah, I think the project, there are also talks about Open Area Map, the state of Open Area Map. The project was not very active.
22:01
The idea was that people upload their drone imagery, but I think the thing is that there is no budget at all in the project. And AWS now hosting the imagery being uploaded. And there are also some other issues
22:21
to automatically upload the imagery. So currently, basically, I need to go back to my computer to download the imagery and upload like as a person. So there are many issues to automate the uploading. And maybe after resolving these things, actually, it's very useful to also upload
22:42
open aerial data from the local governments here. But currently, it is really community-driven, and there are some technical issues to speed up this process. Maybe in this state of Open Area Map, you can talk.
23:03
Monthly, we are getting together, discuss the topics here, if you're also interested in getting involved in the Open Area Map, let us know, and maybe we can add more data. One question from Ilya. Yeah, really short one, but this talk was basically about disaster response.
23:21
And disaster response is like open state map. You need a map, make it yourself. Now this talk, you need imagery to trace around, and the answer is Open Area Map. And this is website about collecting like community-driven imagery, basically.
23:41
So you need imagery, collect it yourself. We have mapping organizations. We have satellite imagery organizations, Maxar and everybody, and they just don't share, so we have to do everything by ourselves. And I feel like the true answer should be not in technical area, but in laws,
24:02
in governments telling that you have to share. Do you know any advancements in that in the past couple years, maybe? I learned like even there are some discussions about whether we should have a humanitarian satellite, like to operate that, but yeah,
24:23
I didn't hear much about it. Like the idea was actually that the people actually take imagery and upload. For Turkey case, again, I mean people just again was scared to upload imagery without permission of government. And for other regions, I don't know, like you should be more free to add anything here.
24:42
And maybe if you know, actually it would be best the local baddies already have the imagery upload here rather than they share in their own services so that it's collected here and you don't have to check different sources. So, thank you.