Human-wildlife conflict and road collisions with ungulates. A risk analysis and design solutions in Trentino, Italy This study delves into the critical issue of wildlife vehicle collisions, particularly concerning Roe deer and Red deer in the Italian Autonomous Province of Trento (PAT), a mountainous region with significant tourist activity. Over the last decade, this area has witnessed around 700 annual collisions, often resulting in animal fatalities, extensive vehicle damage, and occasional human casualties. The escalating problem in this highly populated Alpine environment necessitates urgent solutions. To address this issue, this study employs FOSS4G tools to pinpoint road sections with the highest collision rates and design practical solutions to mitigate these hotspots. The approach combines geostatistical analysis and in-depth examination of factors such as road morphology and land cover. FOSS4G tools like QGIS and GRASS GIS facilitate data processing, analysis, and map generation, while environmental covariates like forest coverage and ecological corridors, along with collision data from the Provincial Wildlife Service, inform the analysis. This study also includes on-site inspections to tailor mitigation solutions to each hotspot, ranging from underpasses and overpasses to fences and road tunnels. These interventions aim to reduce collisions with ungulates and have been cost-estimated for implementation. Additionally, the study classifies road sections into five categories based on collision frequencies, creating a valuable planning tool for the provincial government. Overall, this research not only offers practical solutions for mitigating human-wildlife conflicts but also highlights the potential of FOSS4G in designing effective interventions and inspiring further research in this field.