Digitizing and improving GIS for Global Health
This is a modal window.
The media could not be loaded, either because the server or network failed or because the format is not supported.
Formal Metadata
| Title |
| |
| Subtitle |
| |
| Title of Series | ||
| Number of Parts | 266 | |
| Author | ||
| License | CC Attribution 3.0 Germany: You are free to use, adapt and copy, distribute and transmit the work or content in adapted or unchanged form for any legal purpose as long as the work is attributed to the author in the manner specified by the author or licensor. | |
| Identifiers | 10.5446/66382 (DOI) | |
| Publisher | ||
| Release Date | ||
| Language |
Content Metadata
| Subject Area | ||
| Genre | ||
| Abstract |
|
00:00
Internet forumData managementMatrix (mathematics)Natural numberCASE <Informatik>Computer animation
00:27
InformationSystem programmingAnalytic setMatrix (mathematics)Data analysisMedizinische InformatikDecision theoryComputer animation
01:06
InformationSystem programmingPerformance appraisalData managementDecision theoryDigital rights managementData structureComputing platformDigital signalDisintegrationMathematical analysisOpen sourceVisualization (computer graphics)SoftwareDifferent (Kate Ryan album)Field (computer science)Online helpData structureINTEGRALInformationComputing platformOpen sourcePlanningLocal ringDigital rights managementShared memoryPhysical systemInformation systemsSoftware developerLogistic distributionPerformance appraisalDigitizingWindows RegistryData managementOpen setMedical imagingSoftwareVisualization (computer graphics)Suite (music)Computer animation
02:52
Continuum hypothesisConvex hullMaxima and minimaMappingSinc functionTraffic reportingLevel (video gaming)InformationComputer animation
03:43
Self-organizationSystem programmingElectronic mailing listScale (map)PlanningError messageOpen sourceComputer programExecution unitMobile WebSystems engineeringData managementPower (physics)Computing platformMultiplicationDebuggerOpen sourceForm (programming)Data managementComputing platformPower (physics)Mobile appMathematicsWeb applicationScaling (geometry)MehrplatzsystemPhysical systemComputer programmingUser interfaceRevision controlData storage deviceTunisProjektive GeometriePlanningElectronic mailing listInformationSelf-organizationShared memoryDifferent (Kate Ryan album)Lipschitz-StetigkeitProduct (business)View (database)Computer animation
06:32
Open sourceGamma functionSoftware developerInstance (computer science)Point cloudLocal ringServer (computing)Open setAdditionPlug-in (computing)SoftwareAdditionInstance (computer science)Plug-in (computing)Point cloudOpen sourceServer (computing)Software developerComputer animation
07:04
Strategy gameNumber theorySystem identificationPlanningTask (computing)Data managementLevel (video gaming)AreaData structureTask (computing)RoutingWindows RegistryMereologyResultantInformationPlanningStrategy gameNumber theoryForm (programming)HierarchyService (economics)Object (grammar)ChainRegular graphUniform resource locatorContext awarenessField (computer science)Computer animation
11:02
AreaPlanningData managementWindows RegistryGeometryComplete metric spaceComputer animation
11:22
Latent heatFile formatGeometryDirection (geometry)DisintegrationElectronic mailing listPairwise comparisonSelf-organizationExecution unitData typeSelf-organizationAreaElectronic mailing listType theoryMultiplication signExecution unitOpen sourcePoint (geometry)InformationMereologyGeometryCombinational logicMatching (graph theory)Revision controlHierarchyDifferent (Kate Ryan album)System identificationComputer animation
12:38
No free lunch in search and optimizationBoundary value problemHierarchyOperations researchStandard deviationStaff (military)Wave packetLocal ringLine (geometry)Software maintenanceOpen sourceBuildingGroup actionExpert systemValidity (statistics)Complete metric spaceKey (cryptography)GeometryLevel (video gaming)AreaStaff (military)Data structureOpen sourceWindows RegistryBoundary value problemLatent heatComputer animation
13:29
Tape driveBuildingGroup actionWindows RegistryOpen sourceLine (geometry)Form (programming)Drill commandsData structurePoint (geometry)Level (video gaming)Wave packetSelf-organizationValidity (statistics)AreaComplete metric spaceGeometryComputer animation
14:34
FrequencyRevision controlTime zoneForm (programming)Maß <Mathematik>Execution unitSelf-organizationType theoryData structureInternationalization and localizationInformationMechanism designContent (media)Pairwise comparisonMassHierarchyComplete metric spaceStatisticsFunction (mathematics)Visualization (computer graphics)Windows RegistryExecution unitParameter (computer programming)Form (programming)AreaFrequencyDirection (geometry)Computing platformTime zoneLocal ringTraffic reportingFilter <Stochastik>Type theoryValidity (statistics)Mechanism designLevel (video gaming)Revision controlComplete metric spaceWindows RegistryStatisticsInheritance (object-oriented programming)Data structureGoodness of fitComputer animation
17:14
PlanningForm (programming)AreaWeb serviceInformationWave packetMathematicsWeb 2.0Computer animation
18:07
Probability density functionMaß <Mathematik>Latent heatDigital rights managementScale (map)Computer iconPlanningMathematical optimizationAlgorithmMereologyTraffic reportingView (database)InformationAreaPlanningMappingUsabilityField (computer science)MereologyInterface (computing)ResultantDigital rights managementSelf-organizationAlgorithmWave packetMultiplication signExecution unitLatent heatPoint (geometry)DigitizingMathematicsMoment (mathematics)DatabaseUser interfaceComputer animation
20:15
Mobile WebDigitizingForm (programming)Real-time operating systemMultiplication signLevel (video gaming)Link (knot theory)Field (computer science)Single-precision floating-point formatNear-ringMathematical singularityComputer animation
21:00
EmailSystems engineeringCurvatureTotal S.A.Demo (music)Maxima and minimaSlide ruleInformationForm (programming)Coefficient of determinationComputer animation
21:23
E-learningNumber theoryMoment (mathematics)Formal languageMusical ensembleAreaComputing platformLocal ringFlagData managementLevel (video gaming)Physical systemConstraint (mathematics)Projektive GeometrieRight angleTranslation (relic)Information securityForm (programming)Field (computer science)MereologyOpen sourceParameter (computer programming)
26:15
Form (programming)Sign (mathematics)View (database)Zoom lensChemical polarityComputer fileComputer configurationLink (knot theory)Computer-generated imageryBookmark (World Wide Web)Online helpData typeComputer animation
Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:08
Thank you all for being here. So I will talk about digitizing and improving GIS for global health. And especially in the case of a measles vaccination campaign in Cameroon.
00:20
Don't be worried if I turn red in five minutes because it's my nature. So who we are first. The name of the company is Blue Square and we are helping global health resources get where they matter most. So we are based in Brussels and we were created in 2012, specialized in health information system and data analytics.
00:47
So we try to support governments and the partners to digitalize the tools in health. And also to share the data with the people that can take decisions.
01:06
We are active in three continents in almost 30 countries. So we are based in Brussels and all that you see in blue are the countries where we are active. Right now it's mostly in Africa.
01:21
What we globally do is to help global public health actors use and manage the data in different fields. So there are six fields, health financing, logistic management, data warehousing. And today the fields that interest us are the geospatial information system, the monitoring and evaluation and the data science for health.
01:48
So how do we work? We deploy and develop software tools to help boost local autonomy and empowerment. So our tools allow users to easily collect, manage, structure, share, visualize the data.
02:04
So there is the GHI2 suite. I don't know if you know what GHI2 is, but it is a really important tool in low and middle income countries to manage the health system. We also have OpenExa, which is a platform open source to integrate, analyze and visualize the data.
02:28
OpenEMIS, which is linked to open source health insurance information. And finally, Yasuo, which is a three tool in one. A JIRA registry platform, a data collection and a digital micro-planning platform.
02:43
Yes, so these are all the tools of the company, but why am I here today and what will I talk about? So practically today I will show you how we try to deploy and develop a tool for measles vaccination campaign.
03:03
In these sentences there is two information, first the tool, which is Yasuo, and second a measles vaccination campaign. So currently in Cameroon there is a renewed epidemic of measles since January.
03:21
This is a report of June and on these two maps you can see which districts are touched now by the epidemic. And in this map you can see the district where the vaccination coverage is really low, so in red.
03:40
First I will show you and explain to you the tool. So the tool is Yasuo and why did we build it at the beginning? Institutions and NGOs working on public health projects in emerging countries often faces the same questions and same organization problems, such as how to store multiple geographic data referential and how to merge them.
04:07
How to trace the changes between all those lists, how can we organize a work at the scale of thousands of sub-teams in a country and how to monitor the activities according to the planning.
04:22
You know that in this low and middle income country it is not easy to have always Wi-Fi, so how to collect data offline, how to validate the data collection and finally how to link all those data with national systems such as the DHIS tool.
04:45
So Yasuo as I already told you is a three in one tool, the open source tool that allows to create a master facility list, to plan activities and to collect data that corresponds to these activities.
05:03
It is largely used in a public health program in low and middle income countries. So the big picture of Yasuo is that there is a web interface and also a mobile app that can be branded with an Odika compatibility. So Odika is a well known form, it's a well known forms product.
05:29
So it is integrated in multiple workflows being able to share data with other infrastructures and it allows to import and data and to export to different sources like JSC system and JSHIS tool.
05:47
On the web application there is a versioning of the data and traceability and team management. It's really important when you have a platform and multiple users to have those information to be sure that if a user deletes something you have the traceability and the versioning of the modification.
06:05
So we can export it in JSHIS tool through the API and we also use dashboarding tools like Power BI and Tableau to show the data. So this Yasuo is built on open source technologies, so Odika, PostGIS,
06:25
on the front end you have Leaflet, React and Material Viewing and Jetpack offline for the mobile app and Django. It is open source all the way, so it has been developed from the beginning as an open source tool.
06:40
Our largest instance is currently deployed on an Amazon cloud but it can also be installed on local servers. It is open to addition to custom plugins and our ambition which is not yet realized is to create a developer community around the tool.
07:00
So that was the tool, now the vaccination campaign. So what is a vaccination campaign and how does it work? The definition of the World Health Organization is that the vaccination campaigns are delivery strategies
07:22
used to quickly reach a large number of children of the target population with one or more vaccines. How does it work? First, we need a plan and a microplanification. So a microplanification is a detailed plan for a vaccination campaign
07:41
and globally this is important to know how many structures do we have that can vaccinate, what are the resources available, is a route to reach these health centers and so on. It is also important to identify the target population because a vaccine like COVID-19 is not the same as a measles vaccine.
08:04
Sometimes you have to vaccinate children and sometimes older populations. When you have identified your population and you have your microplan, it is important to communicate around this campaign, like when it will happen, where and who is the target population.
08:27
Then you have the campaign, we administrate the vaccines and during the campaign there is also this monitoring and surveys, which is really, really important. How many children did we vaccinate, do we reach the objectives,
08:41
do we need more vaccines in one district or in one region and so on. So microplanning is the part that will interest us and microplanning is all about assignments. Assignments is to give to a user a task in a given location, in a certain location.
09:03
So it will require a data collection tool and a geo registry. So just to give you a context, historically the microplanning in Cameroon was done at the health area level and the district level.
09:20
So health area level, if you can see it, is really great and the district level is in black. So at the health center level they fill paper forms as usual, then they give this paper form to the health areas and at the health areas they use Excel sheets
09:43
and when the Excel sheet was completely finished with the budgets that it will cost in these health areas, how many children they had to vaccinate and so on, they give the Excel to the district that will validate and make a microplan at the district level
10:01
and then it goes down. So it's really a hierarchical cascade of information. The result is that kind of, we don't really see it, but Excel sheets with all the information about the campaign. So vaccines, how many people we need in this district or health area to vaccinate,
10:21
do we have enough cold chain, do we have enough budgets to vaccinate and so on. And it results on a map with the health areas and in each health area the health centers and in each health centers who will vaccinate which day and what is the target population.
10:43
So that was historically. Where we tried to digitalize is really this microplan part. At the beginning the vaccination campaign was planned for September, but now that there is an epidemic, the campaign will take place next week.
11:11
So we could not digitalize all the steps that we wanted at the beginning to digitalize. So first a complete geo registry.
11:23
So Yazoo is made to manage geospatial data, so it combines many referential lists, compare features, match features to avoid duplicates. And for example when you have multiple sources that have the same health center,
11:44
but different geolocation point for this health center, you can choose which one is the best. So it supports geo package, GHIS2 information, CSV and post GIS geometry. It is organized as organization units, so each part of the health hierarchy is organization unit.
12:10
And it is also organized by organization unit type. So a health area is one type, a district is one type and a health center is one type.
12:20
It's also bidirectional with GHIS2. And as I said there is a traceability of data modification, if users that have maybe too many permissions make a mistake, then we can go back to the previous version.
12:40
So in Cameroon what we had to do is have a really complete health structure at each stage of the health structure, so at the district level, at the health area level and at the health center. So we also need to correct and consolidate boundaries, we need to train the local staff to modify all the pyramid
13:05
and have something really complete in IASO. The key inside this geo registry is that currently there is no tool that makes this basic data source and matching problems fully disappear. So you always need GIS experts to identify and to solve the GIS issues.
13:28
What you also need is to decentralize the validation of the structure. If I create a health center, because it will be a health center for this vaccination campaign, it's not the central level that has to validate that this is really a health center,
13:44
but the health area level. So you need to decentralize all the organizations so that everyone is informed about the tool and training. What is really interesting is that routine activities, so routine vaccination every day during the year,
14:02
can enhance the registry, because in the form you can take a geo point. So if you take a geo point when they do vaccination routine, then you can enhance your health pyramid. And also always need to export those data,
14:22
because in those countries they sometimes use different tools, and they need to, if you have a complete pyramid in IASO, it has been exportable to other tools. Step two is collect data for each organizational unit, as I said.
14:41
In IASO, it is ODCAT based, but with more structure, that means that every user has a dedicated zone, and you can only fill forms for this zone. So if a form is attached to a health area, you can only fill the form for the health area,
15:02
you cannot fill the form for a district. So the form aligns to a type of organics, it has a periodicity during the campaign, for example, the form has to be filled every day for five days. So we say periodicity is days, and before the campaign, zero after five days.
15:24
We also have this versioning of the forms. There is a validation mechanism when a form is filled, then the health area level can validate the form of a health center, for example, to be sure that there is no mistakes in the forms.
15:43
We can also filter by region, by sub-region, by type of form. There are many filters in the platform to see which forms were filled and where. When the data are collected, we can monitor the collection of the data
16:00
with this completeness report. So you can see how many percentage of the forms were filled during the period. Like if they had to fill five forms for the campaign,
16:20
and it's only three or five, you can see it's on this completeness stat. And you can also filter with all the filters there. And finally, the last tool that we developed recently is what we call the registry. And in this registry, you can see, for example, this is health areas with all its children.
16:44
Children means health center or locality that belongs to the health areas and the form that were filled by the children and also the form that were filled for the health areas. And you can always change it
17:00
because there is this Enketo button and you can go change the form directly. So when you have collected the data, you have a good health area, then the step three is the micro-plan. Obviously. This year, as I said,
17:23
this was the Excel sheet that they were filling at the beginning. And what we tried to do with the showtime that we had was to implement this in a web service. And so all the information in Yeso with the data collected were used to fill
17:43
like the Canva, the form of the Excel, and they had just to validate it online. So what they do is a big training with all the health areas and all the health areas have to validate it. And once it changes some information in this web service,
18:02
then it goes directly to Yeso to change it as well. So at the end, we had that download micro-plan with all the information of the micro-plan with all the health areas. And we could print it in PDF because for them it's really important
18:21
to still have papers and see the maps. The last point is this feature in Yeso which is what we call the planning feature when you can assign directly a team to a region or to a health center.
18:42
We could not use this for this vaccination campaign because it's a manual tool and we didn't train them enough to use it for all the country. But it's an interesting tool because it's a user-friendly work interface when you're trained.
19:01
It has this ability to target specific organization units and you can manage large-scale activities through teams and sub-teams. So you can stay to a team. This is the region where you have to work. To a sub-team, this is the district in the region where you have to work and so on
19:20
until the person is safe. The key inside this micro-planning is that it's a manual micro-planning but we wanted to make it automated. But slapping an algorithm can be the easy part because actually the hard part is to get a clean database,
19:41
providing an easy way to view, understand, and modify the results of the algorithm and change management, so the devices. What you maybe know but paper is hard to beat for field workers for the moment. You need to go further, helping them with navigation
20:00
if you put something on their phone. And proving the impact of digitization is still an open question because now it's the first time we've really digitalized the whole campaign. Finally, let's campaign. So for next week, what we plan
20:21
is first to fill paper forms for the primary entry for the field workers. They will really have these time sheets and complete it every day. And at the district level, there is a single data entry in Yasuo with ODEKA. And finally, linked to Yasuo,
20:41
we will have dashboards to have this data monitoring the campaign in near real time. And it will be available online via a link for all the people that are involved in this campaign. And this dashboard will be done at the district and the central level.
21:01
And this was my final slide. And this is done. It's just an example of a dashboard linked to Yasuo. So you see the country where the vaccination is good enough, where it is not good enough, and all the information about the forms that they filled during the campaign.
21:22
Thank you for your attention. Questions? Anybody? How do you deal with the security when it comes to health data and you're really, really sensitive?
21:44
How do the systems go out of it? So the users in the system have permission to see the permission of the system in Yasuo. So you can sometimes just fill the submission
22:03
or you can just see the area where you belong. So you cannot see all the platform features. And it's only the central level of the country that has this permission to see all the data. So it's really a user management.
22:22
And it's done at the central level so they know how to deal with all the users. Anybody else? We have almost 10 minutes. Do you follow this way or do you follow this discussion?
22:43
Sorry, it wasn't clear to me. What is the source or special parameter of the protection? Is it the users that are getting the permission or do you get the access? The target population. The health area knows about the target population
23:03
but we never know if the numbers that they gave to us or they gave to the microplane or the white one. There is a big challenge now to reach the complicated population. For example, the zero dose children in Africa.
23:23
We are working on this with spatial data to find villages or localities where no one can access, for example, but we have to trust the district and the health areas about those numbers
23:43
but we actually don't know. We do not have census in Cameroon for the moment. We hope to have it to have more accurate numbers but for the moment it's complicated. It's made everywhere in Africa because we are working everywhere.
24:05
How would you go about the challenge management process? Because we need to do a similar thing where we often find that people feel the impact or maybe it's someone else to be able to do more. So it's been hard to train and get people to take it up.
24:21
How do you build that up? During the campaign you mean? It's not really our goal to manage that. We hope that the district and the health areas manage all those people. So they have to fill this paper form at the field worker level
24:42
and all those paper forms are given to the health areas and they control everything if the data are correct or not. Our goal is to digitalize this part as well because then you can really control every day if the data are good or not.
25:03
Also in Odika you can put that constraint. If you say that there are thousands of children and it's not possible then you can just have this red flag.
25:21
Is it available in different languages? Or is it only English, French? For the moment it's only English, French because we work in countries where it's almost English and French countries.
25:41
We had a project in Marlborough and there it was the question of do we translate everything in Arabic or not? For the moment I think it's still an open question.
26:04
Anybody else? I'm glad that we can change the presentation. Thank you again.
Recommendations
Series of 11 media