Enhancing Access to Grey Literature and Data in Health Sciences
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Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:03
Hello everyone and welcome to this presentation. First of all, we wish to thank the Granite International Conference organizers for giving us this opportunity to deliver our presentation. It is indeed an honor and a privilege to address such a distinguished audience.
00:27
My name is Sangeeta Narang. I am Librarian Selection Grade at J. P. N. A. Trauma Center of All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. This presentation is prepared along with the faculty in charge of the library, Dr. Ritchie Agarwal, who is the
00:43
Additional Professor of Critical and Intensive Care at the Trauma Center of All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. As you can see, the title of my presentation is on Enhancing Access to Gray Literature and Data in Health Sciences.
01:01
In this presentation, we will cover Introduction to Gray Literature, Importance of Gray Literature, Sources of Gray Literature, Objectives, Methodology. Coming to the Relevant Studies on Gray Literature, Relevant Best Practices on Road Traffic Injuries, Intersecting Studies on Gray Literature and Health, followed by Observations, Results and Conclusion.
01:28
So what is Gray Literature? It is important for us to understand the definition of Gray Literature. It stands for meaningful documents produced in all levels of government, academics, business, industry, either in
01:44
print or in electronic format that are protected by intellectual property rights of sufficient quality to be collected and preserved by library holdings or institutional repositories but not controlled by commercial publishers. That is, when publishing is not the primary activity of producing body.
02:06
These are some of the examples of Gray Literature. Bibliographies, discussion papers, newsletters, presentations, technical reports, dissertations, patents, catalogs, speeches, reports on websites.
02:20
These are some of the table which shows the numerous forms of Gray Literature. This is a similar structure where the various information channels have been represented in a different format and there are the three tiers which have been represented here.
02:46
Books, journals, book chapters, they are easily discoverable. But if the second tier which is of moderate retrievability that constitutes your conference reports, presentations, Wikipedia articles
03:03
and the third tier constitute theses, datasets, institutional repositories and informal forms of communication. Those are the emails, tweets, letters, libguides, catalogs, preprints, reports and reports on websites. They constitute the low retrievability and many a times of less credibility.
03:27
Another paper where Dr. Adams-Tey and others have differentiated among the Gray Literature, Gray data and Gray information. Gray literature as has been said before, it is not controlled by commercial
03:43
publishing and within them are the examples of internal reports, working papers and newsletters. Gray data that is user generated most of the times that constitutes tweets, blogs, Facebook status updates. And the last is the Gray information which is informally published or not published at all that constitute your emails, personal memories and the meeting notes.
04:07
Now coming to why Gray literature is important. So Gray literature offers insight to more up to date evidence in healthcare. It may affect the findings of systematic reviews. It offer better
04:21
opinions for realistic reviews. It provides fair understanding on emerging disciplines. It helps to brush the gaps in practical evidence needed to effectively respond to a calamity. It offers valuable source that contributes to academic performance, enhance research output and enrich quality of research. For that reason it is important that we care for the Gray literature.
04:43
These are some of the databases that constitute Gray literature. The Gray literature report that is by the New York Academy of Medical Libraries Gray literature collection. The Open Gray that is the system for information on Gray literature in Europe. Gray matters is from the Canada. Gray net, conference proceedings, web of science and scopus.
05:05
These are the subscribed resources and they cover most of the times they cover the conference proceedings. The other one is dissertations as we know about the common databases that is NDLTD, OATD, ProQuest and then we have the trial registries that just like the clinical trials.
05:25
These are some of the relevant international studies on Gray literature that we really found are very important when we were doing this research. One is by Adams. The topic of his published paper was on shades of Gray. The other one was on effectiveness of the interventions when we consider Gray literature for meta analysis.
05:46
The third one on the right as the importance of Gray literature in systematic reviews and the last one. That published paper is by the librarians where they advocate for the diverse. They say that Gray literature helps to advocate for diverse voices.
06:02
It increases the use of Gray literature. It offers the improved access and preservation of Gray literature is important. These are the two important studies from India. One is the information systems for Gray literature in India, a model. This is though an old study but found to be useful.
06:23
And another one is a wonderful study as you can see by the title. Is Gray literature really Gray or hidden glory to showcase the sleeping beauty. That is what it means you know. Many a times there is something hidden. One is accessible layer and another is a dead layer.
06:42
So may be in the hidden layer available resource is lying and we are unaware. So it is so important for us to showcase those hidden glories. Now coming to the case study for our, we have considered road traffic injuries as a case study for identifying the Gray literature.
07:04
So as we often read in newspaper, horrific accident. One killed and the students died and another speed kills. There are so many everyday news that we hear. Is not there a way that we can reduce such accidents?
07:22
So this was a topic that we chose and we tried to identify the best practices available to reduce such harms. Here it is showing, you know it happens this we get distracted. Such sites, there are obstacles. It is likely that we are going to fall.
07:42
There is need to minimize such accidents at least. This one is a pothole buster. Thank God we have busters wherein we can reduce the potholes. These are the statistics on road traffic injuries.
08:01
One is by World Health Organization from Global Status Report. The annual road traffic deaths have reached 1.35 million in 2016. The Sustainable Development Goals target is to reduce road death and injuries by half.
08:23
And in our scenario, the Ministry of Road Transportation and Highways have reported 4,64,910 accidents wherein 1.47, 913 lives were lost.
08:44
And then there is a national program for prevention and management of trauma and burn injuries by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. We know accidents happen anywhere, anytime. Most road accidents are avoidable and preventable collisions.
09:02
The most heartening thing is when the young people die. They are the wage earners and the burden that the family, the country has to face. This is again, this particular chart shows that road injury.
09:21
It is a tenth leading cause of death in low and middle income countries. The research camp, the level of utilization of pre-literature by research communities is almost absent in medical colleges or I may say minimal. We do not find very frequently the use of pre-literature.
09:42
Then, many of the references that we, when we were doing this research, we found that pre-literature is hardly being referred to. And then, resource centers do not inform the importance of pre-literature to the scientific and chemical communities. Our study objectives, to demonstrate the sources of pre-literature for finding evidence in healthcare,
10:06
to provide best practices on road traffic injuries and road safety in the western world, to inform pre-literature sources on, from India concerning road traffic injuries, to educate academics, professionals and policy makers about the use of pre-literature in scholarly communications.
10:22
Methodology of our study, it was a mixed methods search strategy. It was not easier for us to find the pre-literature sources from India. So the various sources, initially we use PubMed search to identify whether the published papers have referred to gray literature.
10:41
We have listed the websites of the United, of WHO, World Bank and then preprint repositories were listed, conference proceedings, clinical trials, thesis repositories, sometimes targeted, we are targeted to particular websites and then Google search engine was often used. So our basic search terms used were road traffic injuries and gray literature.
11:06
In India we have limited our search for title in abstract, time period we used were 2015 to 2022 and English language was the preferred language. We have also used combined search on Google search engines to identify gray literature and road traffic injuries.
11:23
And as we know there, it wasn't easier to restrict just to road traffic injuries. At times there were the different search terms that were used just like road injury, many a times it was motor vehicle crash. So we have considered the importance of these terms also to identify the road traffic injuries.
11:45
This is almost the same work flow, initially PubMed search, databases of gray literature were searched, Google search engine, targeted websites and many a times even hand search was also conducted. It's almost the same thing. So references and citation searches, backward and forward were conducted,
12:03
Web of Science was used, AMBIS was used, thesis repositories were used, government websites were visited, and international organization websites were visited in the institutions what they have published. That was also taken into consideration.
12:21
So these are the common resources on gray literature. There is a book by Gray Literation Library and Information Studies. This was found very valuable when I was doing this research. And then we can see on the left is the Gray Matters that is by Canada. Then at the bottom is GrayNet International, Open Gray and then Dance is their Netherlands data repository.
12:47
Then we have got a Gray Literation Report and so on and then OISTO. These are some of the reports that are published by World Health Organization.
13:00
These are again the publications by World Health Organization on road traffic injuries. Coming on to this particular website where we identified that they also offer from Europe the statistics on road accidents and injuries or even safety.
13:21
These are the sites, Indian sites where one is the report on the right that is on road accidents in India. This is and to the left is a ministry of road transport and highways. So this is one of the very essential publication on rather a report on road accidents in India.
13:42
And which is most often being referred by the doctors and the research communities. Coming up there are other publications just like Accidental Deaths and Societies in India which is published by National Crime Records Bureau. To the right are two other reports that is produced by Nimhans in Bangalore.
14:03
That is on implementation is the key, facts and figures. These are the two reports when we were doing search we were able to find them. These are, the World Bank has their blog which says that a state, how a state is leading, in India is leading the way to lower road crash rates.
14:23
This is one of the case study where they have represented that Tamil Nadu where the accidents have reduced. To the left is a Gazette of India that is a government publication. To the right is another status report produced by, that is called TRIP, produced by Indian Institute of Technology, we call it IIIT Delhi.
14:45
So for that matter committee meetings they also are of importance when you consider grey literature. And then to the right is the foundation Safe Life, they have collaborated and this particular publication was produced.
15:02
These are National Library of Medicine when we were searching for grey literature and then trying to identify publications from India. So this was MeSH terms that we were able to find and then Woods and Injuries was obviously a different search term for MeSH.
15:24
The Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation in US, they have produced numerous reports on different types of diseases. They have analyzed the research and have offered the data tools and practices. This was one of the valuable resource considering importance of data in current times.
15:45
The CDC, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, they have injury prevention and control center which offers very useful publications. They also have Twitter handle where they inform the communities about road injuries and safety.
16:03
This is again MedlinePlus where they have provided the patient education material. This is a site from Europe, Open Air, where they provide data as well as research publications from Europe.
16:21
This is again a data repository. This is World Health Organization clinical trials registry platform. As you can see there are number of clinical trials on road traffic injuries. This is one particular clinical trial from India that we were able to find from clinicaltrials.gov.
16:41
This is one of the very valuable resource. This is a preprint. Many a times it happens that your journal publication takes time and authors find this study is valuable. They publish it in the preprints. This is mid RXIV. This is developed in collaboration supported by Chan Zuckerberg initiatives.
17:10
This is another course which is conducted by John Hopkins University. There are projects on road traffic injuries just like clinical children's safety network.
17:23
Now coming to some of the relevant international studies on road traffic injuries. To the left, how important are the trauma registries? In between, there is the data. You know, there are challenges in managing data, in representation data. Many a times it gets lost and what are the ways that we can reduce
17:44
data errors or something like that. It is represented in the second one. Then to the right is where they have represented the grey literature and then to the bottom is another useful research paper where they have shown how the road traffic injuries can be reduced in Africa.
18:06
As you know, Haddon has published numerous papers. He is the pioneer on injury prevention and epidemiologist. So what he has shown, there is a pre-event, event and post-event. And likewise there is a host, agent, vehicle, physical environment involved and social environment.
18:25
So each of the nuances have to be carefully studied to reduce the road accidents. This is one of the valuable studies from the librarians point of view where they have shown that there are numerous disciplines involved.
18:42
We cannot say just the health care which has a role to play or just the engineering discipline has a role to play. Every discipline, whether we consider from the psychology background or we study it from the other perspectives. The study is very important and shows how that improved access is important.
19:03
So this is one of the visualization tools. Unfortunately it has not come as a full depiction, sorry for that. And this is from worldwidescience.org. These were the publications from worldwidescience.org.
19:22
These are from the Indian publications. They are really useful. We were not able to find it from other sources but we were able to find that they are from the data repository as well. So these are some of the searchable websites from where you can find road traffic injuries.
19:44
This is one particular platform. This is another wonderful platform by Great Britain and that is on road safety knowledge center. These are some of the relevant studies from India. To the top is road traffic accidents in India. They are issues, they are challenges and how they have to be managed.
20:03
To the bottom is a publication from AIMS. It is an epidemiological study that is performed in trauma center where I work. These are the other studies. One is the bibliometric study and to the right is the multicenter trauma registry that has been established in trauma center which is a collaborative work of Australia India trauma systems collaboration.
20:28
And the other publications, they are also of great importance when we were reviewing it as you can see. One is the official government statistics. They have underrepresented the road traffic dates.
20:46
And then Bir Pal, he has published along with others several publications on road traffic injuries. Then another one where they have over 1.1 million homes were surveyed to assess the road traffic injury mortality.
21:06
Both of them are road burden of disease studies as you can see it here. And what is happening? How much amount, how much money we are spending on hospitalization? Is that really required?
21:22
Cannot such diseases be prevented? These are many a times it happens that you ignore magazines. So this is one important magazine, Economic and Political Weekly where there were publications on road traffic injuries. These are some of the intersecting studies on gray literature and health where in one study they have studied school based breakfast programs.
21:49
In the bottom study they have evaluated the effectiveness of digital health and welfare technology. And to the right is the most important one that is systematic interventions for injury prevention
22:03
that is the importance of gray and unpublished literature which is also of great use to us. These are, we have got Shodkanga. This is our country's repository where
22:21
they have numerous thesis available for the readers, for the researchers to consult. Most of the times it has been observed researchers are unaware of it. Likewise we have digital library of India which is least used but they offer several resources of value.
22:44
So what are the challenges? These are some of the challenges when we faced when we were doing this research. It's a time consuming task, requires multiple databases search and multiple sites were visited. There are variable terminologies, methodologies, reporting criterias. Many a times gray literature is not peer reviewed.
23:04
Many a times meta data was not accessible. Then there was not proper archival of such resources, also language constraints. Coming to the observations, we observed large number of publications addressing gray literature from western world.
23:22
There were blogs, websites, visualization tools, courses, patient education materials, repositories available on road injuries and safety. From India, most of the publications refer to WHO reports, the government reports. We also found that there were involvement of AIMS and IIT.
23:45
They have collaboratively collaborated in developing resources for road safety and another one is we do not have any particular database on gray literature. Results in India, importance of gray literature have been overlooked in research and practice.
24:05
The reviewed articles from India do not address valuable information channels supporting gray literature in their scholarly publications such as thesis and preprints. In western countries there are databases on gray literature, libraries have maintained guides on gray literature, institutions have developed institutional repositories.
24:21
The application of fair principles, integration of resources and data across repositories in regions in the country was not observed whereas in western countries they follow the fair principles of research. Coming to the conclusion, this study informs importance use and integration of gray literature in evidence and thesis and when conducting systematic reviews especially areas concerning public health.
24:45
Gray literature aids to reducing publication bias and includes evidence for interventions where bibliographic databases may not have been indexed them. The establishment and maintenance of a road traffic injuries repository as well as the collection of numerous sources of credible
25:02
gray literature on road traffic injuries was critical for identifying best practices in the country and making road safety a priority. Now coming to the recommendations, for us it is necessary to selectively index gray literature and raise awareness about the importance of gray literature particularly when conducting systematic review in medicine.
25:24
There is need for us to develop the resource guide for gray literature and then a platform for managing and preserving resources related to road traffic accidents and safety protocols. With this we come to the end of the presentation. Thank you for your attention.