We present an oracle, A, relative to which BQP^A is not contained in PH^A. Following the approach of Aaronson [STOC, 2010], our oracle separation is obtained by finding a distribution D over Boolean strings of length N such that: (1) There exists a quantum algorithm that runs in time polylog(N) and distinguishes between D and the uniform distribution over Boolean strings of length N. (2) No AC0 circuit of quasi-polynomial size can distinguish between D and the uniform distribution with advantage better than polylog(N)/sqrt(N). |