Mapping History in Our National Parks
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State of the Map US 202217 / 41
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Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:04
Hello, my name is David Jenney and I've been in open street maps since 2009 doing various mapping tasks and more recently got involved with open historical map and you might be
00:21
wondering why open historical map, well for studying history, learning about history and study in the past, it's probably good to have a timeline and if you can take that timeline and add a spatial dimension to it and show some map component it makes it even better. I think
00:44
the open historical map is a great tool with a lot of potential for learning about studying history. This is so, so how many here like to go somewhere and then put something they noticed in the area on the map? Okay, about half of you. The rest of you probably want to do that but don't
01:07
want to admit it. Anyways, that's the reason, part of the impetus behind this. Here's my contact information. Probably the best way to get a hold of me is that email address there.
01:25
I am involved in, I'm on the Slack OSM channel, several of those, OTMUS or whatever it is as well as open historical map. Twitter, I've kind of grayed that out. I don't pay a whole lot of attention to Twitter and I certainly don't tweet a lot. Anyways, this whole thing was put together
01:48
because of a trip we made to National Parks, a family trip up to parks in South Dakota and Wyoming and I was kind of wondering why they threw this presentation in with all these
02:01
educational and youth-oriented docs and then I realized, okay, my two grandchildren went on this trip so that must be the reason and it was primarily the impetus behind this. My wife Sue came up with a great idea of offering Samantha, the girl on the left-hand side of that
02:22
pose there, a trip to any National Park she chose and she chose Yellowstone so we visited a few others on the way there and the way back as well. But one stop was at Grand Teton National Park and of course Grand Teton is well known for its beautiful mountains, wonderful lakes,
02:43
it's just a beautiful scenic park and the mountains geologically are very young. We're talking about five to ten million years or so. They're probably not young enough to put on the time slider for open historical map but I've added the peaks anyways just as a
03:05
static item. Grand Teton National Park has some history, some interesting history. The oldest building in Grand Teton National Park is the Cunningham Cabin and that was established in 1888. John and Margaret Cunningham settled here and you notice the style of
03:26
architecture is something that was probably active in the Appalachian Mountains, southern Appalachians before that time so I might have given an idea where they came from, I don't know for sure. But this structure is still standing but it's the oldest structure in Grand Teton
03:44
National Park and it was also the site of a gun battle. In 1892 some wranglers came by and asked John for some hay and I guess he accommodated and also gave him a place to stay
04:01
so they stayed on the ranch for that winter and then the following spring word got out that these wranglers were actually horse thieves and so some US marshals rode into Jackson and then they surrounded the ranch and a gun battle ensued and killed the wranglers. It was never
04:21
established whether they were actually horse thieves or whether the US marshal and his deputies were actually US marshals. But in any case, the question becomes, of course you're all here for mapping right? So how do you put something like this on a historical map? Well
04:42
it's pretty much the same as adding it to OpenStreetMap. So the ID editor is available, it's just a different URL to connect to and you do need a separate login for open historical map or you can use the JASM editor and very much the same, the tagging is the same so here
05:01
we put in the building. It's also on the USGS Topo map and it's still standing today so it shows up on the imagery so I added it to the horse historical map. The main difference between the historical map and the OpenStreetMap are two tags that are added in the historical map,
05:21
start date and end date. So I've added a start date of 1888 to this cabin site. It's still standing so there's no end date put on there in this case so it makes it very nice to be able to do that. There's some other interesting historical features in the area. This is
05:41
probably the most photographed barn in the country and it's easy to see why with the beautiful mountains in the background. But this is on the T.A. Moulton Ranch which is part of an area known as Mormon Row, now part of the National Park but this was built in 1916 and
06:01
it's still standing so it was pretty easy to add it to the map and it's also on OpenStreetMap by the way. However there's some other buildings that were on the T.A. Moulton Ranch that are no longer standing so how do we go about adding those? Well one way is to find some old maps.
06:22
And this particular map of the ranch itself is from a historic American building survey which was also commissioned by the National Park Service in this case and the survey was in 1977 and there were other buildings that were photographed for that survey and put on this map
06:45
located. A lot of them were in bad disrepair in 1977 and most of them are gone today except for the barn which is circled there. The house and the granary are no longer standing and the picture of the house is shown here. That cabin was built in 1912 and enlarged to the shape
07:04
here shown in the house and on the map there. So that's one way. So what I do is take these maps, historic maps either from USGS, Library of Congress, this is available at the Library of Congress by the way, website and upload it to an application called MapWorker and it's
07:26
MapWorker.net and your OSM login credentials can be used there and you just load it up, give it some metadata, it'll be available for other people to use, make sure it's suitable for public domain, not copyrighted so it can be used. And then you rectify the map
07:47
or align it and there are two parallel windows there and you just put the tag in each one to line up the one is the OSM map and then the other is the map that you've just uploaded so you can use that. It always comes out perfectly, right? No, not really. After uploading to MapWorker
08:08
you frequently have to, if you get within an area and you can see on the imagery where things really are today, traces of what used to be there, that always works out pretty good. So that's generally what I do. You make a note of the URL there, there's an export tab
08:25
which will show you how to get the imagery downloaded and then you can just go into preferences and JASM and just add it in and then give it a name so you recognize it. So here that same map, by the way the map in the map in the previous picture,
08:44
north was to the right so here it's oriented correctly. The barn is shown highlighted in red there and I've upped the transparency a little bit so the underlying image shows but apparently it doesn't look too good in this picture but good enough for tracing and then the map
09:01
or the house and the granary that are down at the bottom which are no longer standing. So I just went ahead and added those based on this image here and then added start dates and put end dates for 1977 because they were still there. I don't know exactly when those disappeared or when they fell down completely but it's nice for the renderer to have
09:27
established dates. Okay five minutes, oh I better hurry up, okay. Grand Teton National Park is also home to Jackson Lake and Jackson Lake was a natural
09:42
lake but it was enlarged and here I've traced out using JASM the original lake which is shown in red and that was based on a 1900 topo map and the enlarged lake is extends up to the north that you can see there. So this is a kind of an animated picture, I hope it's coming
10:04
up animated there but yeah you can see the lake getting larger after they built the dam and then the national park comes along here in 1929 and in 1943 Jackson Hole National Monument was added to the east of the national park and the two of those were combined in 1950.
10:30
And the same thing here, this is if you like rising lake levels, Hebgen Lake along the Madison River in Montana and this is just west of Yellowstone National
10:41
Park and the dam for this lake was built in 1917 and you can see there I don't have the map that shows the road before that time so I'm using the same road there throughout. That other lake up in the northwest is called Earthquake Lake and that was formed in 1959 when
11:03
earthquake actually toward the back of that picture you can see a big scar in that mountain in the center left there and that's where a landslide took place as a result of an earthquake in August of 1959. It formed the dam, dammed up the Madison River forming this earthquake lake.
11:23
It buried a campground killing 28 people and also changed some of the plumbing around Yellowstone National Parks, altered some of the geysers and so on. And of course we also visited Yellowstone. You can see lots of tourists and hydrothermal features, wildlife.
11:43
History of Yellowstone goes back about well at least 12,000 years when Indians mined obsidian from Obsidian Cliff here and some of those tools have been found as far away as Ohio. This is a map showing Obsidian Cliff. It's between Mammoth and Norris Geyser Basin
12:06
and the picture on the right there shows how they built the road there in the 1880s. What they did was just heat up the obsidian building some big fires and then
12:20
put some water on it to cool it off and then shattered the obsidian which made clearing it away much much easier. Some of the Yellowstone history, Yellowstone was founded 150 years ago. The first superintendent at Langford in 1874 requested a budget of 100,000 to build roads
12:43
and maintain the park. Of course that was turned down so what do you do when you don't have money to you need to build roads and patrol the park? Well you send in the army so there's the Army Corps of Engineers built buildings there or the U.S. Army soldiers had a camp and
13:03
so on so they pretty much took care of the park for a long time or for a couple of decades anyways. Some of the documents used a map writing the history of Yellowstone National Park. There's a history of the road building here and you can look that up that's on the Library
13:21
Congress website and then old maps this one in particular was built put together by the U.S. Army in 1900. Up in the upper right hand corner is a place called Baronet Bridge that was built in 1871 by that gentleman not for tourists but to service mining claims up in Cook City Montana
13:43
and in 1877 it was partly burnt. The army chased Nez Perce Indians with Chief Joseph through Yellowstone National Park and on their way out the north end of Canada they set fire to the bridge. Another interesting road is the east entrance road and these pictures
14:07
show the way it was prior to 1928 a very steep road going down the canyon kind of wrapped over itself with that wooden trestle at first and then on the right side is the bridge that replaced it concrete and rock culvert there and that is still standing today
14:28
and this picture was taken from the present road which is much higher up and then here you can kind of see the original corkscrew and then 1928 comes along and it's replaced by the present
14:41
road. These maps that these animated maps are all taken from directly from open historical map there's a time slider that you can see on the bottom that you can move across and adjust in different ways and or set it off to kind of automate and go through too so that's
15:02
pretty much it. These are some of the resources here that I used in putting things on the map and as well as using put this presentation together. The one on the bottom is copyrighted but I think it's very interesting anyway so be careful using that. It's usns.com and it
15:26
describes the U.S. national highways which are in this area too of course. The others are mostly government sites and are of course free to use and my contact information is at the bottom there so thank you very much.