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Kippenhahn’s Theorem for the joint numerical range

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Kippenhahn’s Theorem for the joint numerical range
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24
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CC Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives 4.0 International:
You are free to use, copy, distribute and transmit the work or content in unchanged form for any legal and non-commercial purpose as long as the work is attributed to the author in the manner specified by the author or licensor.
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By the Toeplitz-Hausdorff theorem in convex analysis, the numerical range of a complex square matrix is a convex compact subset of the complex plane. Kippenhahn's theorem describes the numerical range as the convex hull of an algebraic curve that is dual to a hyperbolic curve. For the joint numerical range of several matrices, the direct analogue of Kippenhahn's theorem is known to fail. We discuss the geometry behind these results and prove a generalization of Kippenhahn's theorem that holds in any dimension.