Effective field theory methods underpin quantum calculations with gravity, and thereby ensure the reliability of predictions for Hawking radiation or inflationary primordial fluctuations. Yet persistent concerns (like the phenomenon of secular growth in primordial fluctuations or information loss for Hawking radiation) appear to indicate a breakdown of these techniques in what ought to be a regime under good control. This talk argues that gravity indeed introduces new boundaries to the domain of validity of EFT methods, particularly at late times (where most of the puzzles seem to lie). Evidence for this picture is provided, together with remedies that come from other, more familiar, areas of physics where similar issues also arise.