Good afternoon. I'm Elanki Libarda from Belgrade. I'm here associate professor from faculty of civil engineering on the Department of geodesy and informatics.

I'm sorry that I'm not there in Wageningen. I was in Wageningen when I was doing my PhD and I had a very nice time there. So I hope next time. For the next workshop, we are going to see each other live there.

I'm also head of the laboratory for development of the open source geospatial technologies in Belgrade and also I am co founder of Jilab company. So I will say a few words about the laboratory And about the company. So the main aim of laboratory is to promote open source geospatial technologies in education, research in and in the industry.

We are experienced in Horizon projects. We had two projects. Apollo was the first

one ended 2019 and it was advisory platform for small farms based on Earth observation. The second Horizon project that we are still running

The faculty is Bcon and it's also related to application of Earth observation in agriculture, especially in agricultural insurance and besides the Earth observation data and meteorological data. We also use in that product blockchain technology for the smart contracts and similar.

So if you want to see more about the project, I share the link and you can explore more and Another also ongoing project at our laboratory is CERES and my colleague, Professor Brian Slobayat is going to present

CERES and the results from CERES that we have so far and it is also related to the agriculture and application of Earth observation data, but in combination of a lot of machine learning and aiming also to help

In the field of smarter or let's say regenerative agriculture. At the company

Gilab or GLAB, the informatics laboratory. We are mostly dealing again with Earth observation data and very frequently use of Earth observation data in agriculture, but we also developed developed a lot of web mapping applications and we have also our product crop lab.

It is a platform that help and support agriculture based on the on Earth observation data and mostly remote sensing data, including Sentinel One and Sentinel Two and other in situ data to support

Let's say smart agriculture. We are also involved in the development of open land map application and the web services related to open land map application. We are

Developing geo harmonizer app and the web services related to geo harmonizer. I saw today you are using web services. For open data science Europe portal. You were using also geo network services and

Geo server and I guess that you had the time to explore maps.open data science and I think during this presentation, we are going to explore more

Web mapping application related to open data science. We also were doing land cover mapping for Serbia, Denmark and Other projects. We have also project beyond that is ongoing project and we are coordinating agriculture project.

It is going to be described also on Thursday, maybe by myself or my colleague Dr. Gutten who is co founder of Gilab is going to give a talk related to agriculture. So, That's that was shortly about the me and the institution that I come from. So today we are going to

Speak about web mapping. We are going to say something about the terminology related to web mapping. We will see what what was the most important moments in the web mapping history, we will see also evolution of

Web mapping gaps.

After that part, we are going to talk more about web mapping services and I saw that today. Also Martin Landa was explaining web mapping services a lot and you were exploring web mapping services in Python.

But for this presentation and this workshop, we are going mostly to use just the browser and we are going to Try some examples in QGIS So for the examples in QGIS, it is only necessary that you install plugin QGIS to web and

Everything else we are going just to explore in QGIS. So if we are talking about the web mapping, there are different definitions of mapping, but

Let's revisit the definition of cartography and the cartography and then we are going to see what is web mapping and what is the term that we are going to use in this presentation.

So if we Remember cartography scientific discipline which study methods of producing and ways of using maps. So if we go to web cartography, we can say that is very similar to typical cartography, but it has only let's say

The difference of way of medium of dissemination because medium of dissemination for web cartography are not papers or just screens, it's a web. But when we talking about the web mappings.

We mostly Think about the technologies of design implementation and dissemination of maps on the web, but we are not going to talk in this Presentation only about the maps. We are also going to talk about the

Let's say web mapping services not limited only to cartographic representation of the spatial data. And if we, if we remember what is the definition of the map. So we can see

that map is abstract and we can say that map is abstraction and selection of geographic reality. With clearly highlighted spatial shapes and relations, but when we have web map and web GIS applications. There are also new roles of the maps. So, you know, even if you are not from the field related to

the spatial data that maps can be a part of search engines can be interface for for other multimedia non geographic data. And can be used for collaborative mapping and many, many more functions are now available on the for web maps also there is

There is a lot of web map applications that that I that I used in everyday

Life. So let's say I think I saw somewhere that 1 billion people use Google Maps at the daily Level. But so let me Say that web mapping is

Let's say Studies. Part of cartography or let's say part of GIS science that dealing with maps on the web. It's, it's very important to see what is, what was the evolution of the web.

And to see how it influenced evolution of mapping. So, Let's say that we can define web as a tool used by billions of people to share read and write information and also to interact with other people via internet or via global network.

In the evolution of the web. There are Let's say three areas in the in the web. 1.0 web 2.0 web 3.0 and some authors, they provide also web 4.0 and web

even web 5.0 but let's say that this evolution is quite enough to understand the key pillars of the These those areas. The web 1.0 we can also call it synthetic web or we can

call it read only web because mostly in the web application websites that were presented in that era. Consumer of the web page was only the reader. So example of that websites are, for example, personal sites

that only share the information about some person and some use of some personal person. And after that we have Web 2.0 that we can

Call Also social web or we can See it as a read and write web. So The most important part of this era or epoch was that user become creator of the content. So typical

Examples of these These Epocha this era is, for example, YouTube or wiki and similar stuff and technologies that involved in

this part of in this epoch was HTML, JavaScript and framework frameworks like Angular, Vue, React and similar And on the end, let's say that the current epoch started maybe a few years ago is web 3.0 semantically, but

There we can we can imagine also that that part and we can think about that part like read, write and execute, but also

It can be understand that we are trying now to have a web application that And the web that can read and interact with the content content. So,

The web page or software cannot really understand the content, but based on the semantic organization of the data and by using Artificial intelligence and machine learning. It can provide some very useful information to the user in a way that it's similar like that web application understand the content of the web page.

If you see technology related to the point 1.0 we can see that we have in this left part that data mostly structured in Relational database on the server. We have dedicated server and the internet is mostly available on

using wire and we have desktop browser as a medium for consuming web page and web applications.

On the web 2.0 we have Big data we have also we have cloud computing in the as a middleware and we have Mobile phones and the browsers and similar devices to consume the content of the web.

On the web 3.0 we are going to have many things that are related to artificial intelligence distributed computing Internet of Things and stuff like that. If we go further, we can see also significant events in the web mapping history and we can say that

The first even was first web map created in 1993 after that. Map server was realized and we have many other intermediate

Events in the year 2001 geo server was was realized and later on open, open street map was funded in 2004 Google Maps in 2005 and stuff like that. So we will go through this event in the further slides, but

Let's Let's recall the paper from Venedal and and quarters about reviewing web mapping errors. So the next 10 slides are mostly focused about the

Findings the day provided about the web mapping years. So relating to web mapping errors,

we can say, or when it all at all day they divided it in nine groups. And These nine nine groups, starting from static web mapping era. And finally, going to the end to intelligent mapping era. So

When we're talking about this era, we do not Think that this era started and it's finished. So there is no end for many of this era, for example, service era that we are going to explore

The most later on started around 2000 but it is still Alive and still very important for many web Map applications. And this

On this picture. Also, you can see the stars and the star indicated the approximate start of the development in that era. So the first era is static web mapping era. It is fully web 1.0 where we had that maps the

HTML image. So we do not have, let's say, almost any interaction with the map and first the map was set up spark map viewer.

Made in 1993. But if you remember, I can remember in 1993 I was 10 years old, for example, in Yugoslavia. Most of us do not didn't have even PC and you cannot you can imagine how it's how internet was

Limited in that time in Yugoslavia. So you need of web mapping was Steve puts who made Sarah spark viewer. In 1993. So in that you're the interaction was possible.

For example, if you want to zoom you had four options to zoom out and five options to zoom in and on the click on zoom. You have change of image. So let's say it's

It's I think only this or in the next era is era that that are not involving anymore. After the static web mapping era. We came to dynamic mapping era. So dynamic mapping era included technologies that were capable to dynamically create

And construct the maps requested by user On the server application. So in that period we have client server architecture and we have some software that

Capable to produce maps. On the request from user and also dynamically changing zoom fun and stuff like like that. It's changed the request it sent the

request to the server server draw the map for the user and send it back to the user. And then that period we have Two very important applications in the evolution of mapping. The one is a Canadian at last and another one is

National geospatial data clear house clearing house from United State Geological Survey. So it was very important era

related to the evolution of mapping because it showed that it's possible to have services on the server side. And it Made the idea that

Server map server application should be standardized and should provide interface to the client and to the Any users on the standardized way and that that content map content can be used in different applications in different client application, not depending on the implementation on the server side.

So in this architecture where we have clean server interaction based on request from the client server consume request draw them up and send back the results to the client. We have first

Developmental services and not only clients from the web browser. Let's say typical users of the web apps were capable to using web mapping geospatial information from the server. Also, it was starting of use.

Geospatial information served from the servers in other applications and in a different type of clients so Very important, as I mentioned before, was development of standard and specification by OTC implementation

of that standards, for example, a map server and similar and there also was beginning of Clients happy. Mostly JavaScript app is like open layers Google Maps happy leaflet and similar

So let's say this era is actually very popular right now also because many of web mapping applications still rely on this technology. We have also error that is connected very to the to the previous one. And it is, let's call it interactive mapping error. And this is

The main difference between this seven previous one was IX because technology.

That That uses asynchronous JavaScript, JavaScript and XML. May made possible simultaneous interaction between client and server. So in the previous era.

It is it wasn't possible, for example, to update the page without reloading the whole page, but in this era. So you can see the application as a part of elements and each element can

Request data from a server after the page has loaded and Consume the back the respond from the server and to only upload that element of the web page. So it was very important part also in web bumping, not only in the web applications and for this.

Era is typically was That mashups show showed up the first time. And in that time you had a mostly Google Maps up the mashups and a lot of a lot of

Some provider in this case, for example, from Google Maps and the similar. After that, we

have error that we call it that the vendor little call it collaborative mapping era and It is also typical and related to appearance of web 2.0 at as it was popular for any other web apps like social networks,

YouTube wiki and similar. It was also very important for the for the web mapping error because open street map was founded in 2004 and We have the first time crowdsourcing collaborative mapping and it was started just for the United Kingdom,

but you as you know it spread rapidly across the world. And we now have a very Very good.

Web mapping application based on crowdsourcing and so and we have available. Let's say I'm A great, great details of spatial data that are free to use and share create

The free to use under the ODB license. So you can you can create you can share create and adopt the Database, as long as the shadow like is Is keep is keeping us attribution to the date.

After that, we have a related to digital globe. And We have a few examples started from the commercial companies like Google Earth and after that Microsoft to

alert now being, but we also have a little gloves available as open source like sees NASA will win. You know that the digital global virtual world is virtual representation of the, of the earth and it can display different views of the planet.

Also natural and human phenomena. In this case, you can see the building of the faculty of civil engineering. So in that also in that era started to be important display of 3D objects.

You know, KML involved involved after that city GML and similar also in Google Earth. I think for the first time, a representation of spatial temporal data was

Much better than before, including animation and similar stuff. After that, We have a rather, of course, is still alive and still very important. And we can call it mobile or and the location based mapping.

So in a period when Different devices. Popular and with operating system that can

Handle with complicated apps. So we have tablets, smartphones and stuff. Web maps are popular to it was popular to build that bumping applications for the small devices and small screens.

With Evolution of GPS technology and the possibility that we have GPS enabled and smartphones. It was beginning of Development of location based services. So now we have a location from the smartphone, for example,

and we have a service that depends on location at that moment and the data and Services related to location were available to the end users. So, you know, most of you are

using the services. For example, if you use Google Maps for routing and similar applications that can Be Very Important for example for marketing for the navigation for even for playing games. If you remember Pokemon started based on this.

Location based the mapping. And in this era. We have also important thing that it started to be

Used in Very, very frequently and it is Internet of Things, because in detail also started that we have a lot of devices that can handle location and that can in the same time be a sensor.

Or surveying or and getting the data for many, many aspects of life. After this mobile mobile location based the error. We have a cloud mapping error.

So as you know Many popular cloud providers are also specialized for for the spatial services. For example, Amazon web services, Google Earth Engine and similar So,

We have not only data as a service, but we have almost everything as a service. We have example for this era game up from Python package that can interact with Google Earth Engine data and services for analytics and visualization.

In this era, we cannot say that we have so much Open source solutions. At the moment, some can say that do not is trying to be web.

Web. GIS solution that can be deployed in cloud and that can not only serve the data, but also the to serve the services related to the data implemented in general, but still I do not see the really open source solutions in this cloud era.

And on the end, we have Intelligent That let's say is Started now and that trying to

Consume web 3.0 as much as possible. So now we have Big data remote sensing data. Internet of Things and a lot of data from different kind of sensors and we have

Typical services, but we are trying now to make also the machine learning in the artificial intelligence. Let's say decision support system that that are going to consume as much as possible spatial data and to trying to provide the content to the end user.

Based on the experience from the machine learning systems and artificial intelligence systems. So in this era, we also know that it's mostly based on the cloud.

The era because We're consuming this big data and And the computing effort needed for artificial intelligence and machine learning is quite a big

Issue related to the to big data on the end. We have vision of the spatial web or let's say vision of the future web apps. And

If we have these three layers on this picture, we can see the first one. Let's say physical arrow real world. And as we have before we can make obstruction of this digital world. By using geospatial models and geospatial data even 3D data and stuff like that. But let's say like in

Civil engineering like in construction industry. You now have the buildings and the building information models that can also include the sensors in the

Geospatial obstruction of the object. So in this next stage, most probably we are not going to have only geospatial obstruction represented as a 3D

Data, we are going to have also sensors data that Sensing the everything what is necessary, related to that objects. So the third layer will not include only spatial data, but Let's say spatial temporal temporal state of the sun phenomena that is model, for

example, spatial temporal state of the building in some moment that can tell you What is the electricity consumption consumption that moment. What was the day before and maybe based on machine learning and

artificial intelligence, what is going to be expected tomorrow and few days after that. Similar to that, the sensing can be Also integrated with trees and greens and with

Almost everything And what is some vision that in this future era, we are not going to interact typically like we interacted with the Let's say, Click on the desktop or

In touchscreen by touching the touchscreen. Maybe we are going to use some smart glasses or voice command or stuff like that. And maybe the application will be capable to give you answer based on the

Voice command and understand what is the most relevant that is going to be provided to you back.

So this is one of the vision of spatial web and this is, let's say, I can imagine that in next 10 years, we are going to have something we are going to have something similar like like this. So it was

Let's say not so short history about the Evolution of mapping and the evolution of web. And now we are going to Focus on the Let's say Service web mapping era, as I told before, service web mapping era is still very alive and many

Of application interact with the web mapping services and not only web mapping application also desktop applications as and also as you Explore today with the previous presenters you so that you can consume web mapping services in a different

Programming language like Python and R and also in different desktop application like QGIS or you can use the mapping application to use web mapping services to produce the mapping applications.

So typical architecture of web mapping application. Is

Composed of these three important parts. So we have to have a web server. We have to have web map server and we have to have a map client. So typically we have web server that represent the computer which has appropriate software, for example, Apache or apart.

Installed it and this software is capable to understand requests from the client and to send the back Information that was requested from the client.

It is similar like we have to have a web server that we have to have web map server that which represents software. That is capable to receive and respond.

To request for G informations. So typical representation of geospatial server is, for example, map server or geo server or something of commercial like argue. So it can be also cool QGIS cloud server and stuff.

On the third part. So you have web clients and in the web mapping application. It is typically JavaScript libraries which enables visualization manipulation and analyze geospatial data by using web standards. It's not restricted to web standards, but it's most common situation that you have

Application that consumes standard web mapping services on the end.

If we See, If we see the scam of bumping services, it goes like this. User will use web application user request something from the web server on the web server. We

have implemented that mapping server that is capable to deal with spatial data based on the request. Web server returns to the user browser G information requested from the user and the web client is

capable to interpret and present that information G information to the user on the end. So if we Are talking about the application that you were exploring today, mostly in days before

Maps dot open data science dot EU. I will show you the scammer of the Application. Do you harmonize that application maps dot E open data science EU application so

It's not. Let's say it's simplified. Architecture, but in this architecture, we have three layers. We have data layer. There are all the data. Some data in post GIS. It's vector data led to Lucas, some data.

In a cloud optimized YouTube, as you saw before Landrum colleagues, they explain the use of cloud optimized YouTube a lot and Some of data are only metadata. So data that can explain us. What do we have in this application for in

this services. So for the implementation of metadata. We use do network and all metadata available on do network open data science.

Also, we have web services implemented by using geo server very popular that mapping server. On the on the middle. And we have rest API implementing in Python Django framework for wearing the

Spatial temporal clearing the last update. In this application, you also have In the services. You also have possibility to access rest API services and to access as well as the G network

in the GSO. So in the examples later we are going to see and access to some layers from do server. It is the middle. And it is a let's say layers on the server component and on the client component. We have the main

Part of the application is open layers that is a web mapping client that can consume web services from do server and that can present you like end users maps and stuff related to the

Geospatial data from open data science Europe also on the front end on the application that you see when you go to maps that open data science that you

We have a react Framework that is used to Building this Mapping that so the very important part of this architecture and architecture for many of

the mapping applications is geo server which implements OTC services. So you also have today. Explanation. What is OTC I saw the presentation from Martin Landa, I can repeat a

little bit and it is going to be some repetition from this part of presentation like You had before, but let's go slightly to the mapping services, very important moment in the history of mapping was implementations of standards and standards that are very important OTC web

Services OTC stands for open geospatial consortium, and it is

International industrial industrial consortium with more than 500 Companies government agencies universities and Other Other organizations that support interoperability solutions, including spatial data for

us. It's the most important is interoperability in spatial data. And what does it mean in reality. So in reality, it means that if you have implemented Web mapping services that you want to expose to client or to other application like like UDS and stuff.

And if it supports OTC services like standardized services. I don't need to care about your implementation your server side, I can just consume

The data that are exposed and provided from your server. So any type of client and any type of let's say desktop GIS application that can consume standardized services doesn't matter about the your implementation of

Web mapping services. So it's very important that you implement web mapping services in standardized way because in that case you provide use of that. Of that geospatial data as much as possible.

And some of the important, the important web mapping services that we are going to show here is WMS, WCS, WFS and stuff like that. So when we are talking about the web map service, we can say that is standard protocol for servicing geo-referenced raster images, but

You shouldn't mix it with the source raster data. So WMS delivers a style spatial layer. So it is just images ready to be

Showed to you in some web mapping application or let's say just background maps. If you are going to use it in QGIS or other GIS applications. So it's not

Just spatial data, it's served PNG, for example, images to be ready for viewing. So let's say WMS services provides data that are ready to be consumed as a

As a typical map that you had before. So WMS had several implementations and the first one was

In April 2000 and The last one that I know is 1.3 and what is the important to know that Not each implementation is same in the way of

Requesting data. So it is the first one can provide some different parameters related to the request that you can send If you compare to the to the last one. So we will see some examples. So

The first and Let's say the simplest example is to ask server about the capabilities. And what we have if we like a client ask server about the WMS capabilities, we have that

We are going to have a list of available layers and some other information related to the layers that can be consumed from that web mapping service.

If we see another very important WMS Request, it is a get map, get map returns raster image depending on parameters. What we requested. So if we try to

To see Example related to get capabilities. If we try to see example.

We are going to have A big XML file that will provide us list of all available layers, maybe some abstract about the web server and some contact person and Will also provide the list of coordinate reference systems that can be used from this web mapping services and stuff like that.

So if you want you can click on this and see what we are going to get Before that, we should say that on the first part we have others to the service.

Then we have question mark. Then we have service that we want to see description for And then we have I'm person. Related to other parameters we request.

So this sign and version is 1.30 and request is get capabilities. If we try to see we have this

WMS from our laboratory and we have some contact points here. We have a list of a bay available raster format that we can use for the get map. We have all also here address to the WMS

And then after that we have a list of all supported projections and this is a very big list because we're not restricted. Projections the few and we have everything that is implemented in a server and then later on you. We have

Some basic description of the layers that are served here. So we have a bounding box of the layer. We have a name of the layer and stuff like that. If we go back

And we can see that this XML is not so easy to read. It's a to be Human readable, but the main point to fix a melody that it supports that be also machinery double saw implementation of many clients support.

Get capabilities to be much easier. So, for example, if you try get get capabilities for open data science, you the request is going to be the same like the previous one.

But others to the server and to others to the WMS is different. So we have this others for the WMS and we have this service is the same. We will try WMS and we are going to use to ask for the 1.3 and request is get capabilities. If we click here.

You will see geo server. That provide to you this web services and here on the layer preview.

You will see the list of all available layers. In this geoservice geo server. So if you click again on this, you will get this big XML describing all the layers available in the

This web server and you are going also to see the layer names and some abounding books and some basic information related to the each layer. Implementing in this geo server.

But there is also easy way to explore this get capabilities from QGIS. So I also saw that you tried today with Martin. We are going to display these connections to the WMS and it is easy in QGIS. So you go to the

Add layer, add WMS layer, you need to set some connection parameters like name of the service that you want and just URL to the service.

To WMS service and then you are going to have list of all layers that can be then loaded and can be seen QGIS. I don't know if I open QGIS. Can you see the screen or you can see only the Google Chrome. Nevermind. So it's easy.

Another important We can see your

Screen. So we saw you open the QGIS. Okay. So One. So I can add layers WMS

I have this parameter set it here. So I have name of This geo server is called ODS and I have this address to WMS and I can now connect

To the Geo server and to see the list of all available layers in QGIS. So it is

Practically Similar, very similar to get capabilities. But now you have, let's say, easy to read the list of all layers and the relevant information related to that list.

Okay, if you go, let's say we can also add one layer. I will add this digital terrain model and

Actually what we did now, we execute another request that we are going to show it is request called get map. So now we have a digital elevation model for Europe provided from

We only see a slide. WMS get map example. We only see the slide. Ah, you're not do not see QGIS. No, no. Yes, we saw it before. Now we see the slide again only maybe

share again. Okay, just a moment. Yeah, now we see it again. Yeah, we see it. So now, what I did, I actually executed the next example that

I'm going to show it is get map. So we are now seeing a map of digital elevation model of Europe provided from open data science. And if we go back to the slides, what is in

the background. So in the background, we have several lines now it's decomposed just to see it's easier. So the first we have WMS address. The second we have service in the specification of the version, version, then we have a get map

query, then we have also again, requested parameter related to the name of the layer that we want to see boundary box, we have display size in pixels and display format. So if we

compose it in one line, we have a URL that can that can sorry, that can be executed even in browser. And if I execute this URL in browser, I'm going to get this map that you see on

the slide so you can try it also. But let's go to the example that we have. So if I want to see this layer, but

let's say that I want to see the layer here in somewhere around the Serbia, then I need to give address to the geo server to give what service I'm going to use what version

request is get map, and the layers, I took this one. So it is the same one that you saw in QGIS. But I also define boundary box. And boundary box is somewhere like Serbia. And

I'm going to have this I'm going to have something like this, this was previously. So if I want to change the

coordinate reference system, and to be strict that I'm going to use longitude, latitude, WMS, longitude latitude, I

have to specify coordinate reference system. But in this case, boundary box is different, because in this case, I firstly have to give north then east, then again, northern east. So the implementations of WMS in

different versions can be slightly different. If we want to explore more, there is a list of parameters that we can use, and that we can specify in request when we want to

consume get map request. If we go back to QGIS, we can also give some background maps. So for example, we can use open

street map as a background or some Google streets as a background and different fun. So it is also some kind of tiling, some kind of tiling web map services that you can add

to the QGIS and use it as a background. So for example, if I go to XYZ tiles here, I can add some of the backgrounds directly. So I gave here in the slide, a list of backgrounds

that you can use in your QGIS as a background. If we go to explore this, it's simple. So it's similar, like you added the WMS, you can define name of the background that you are

going to use and here, XYZ link to the service. So in this case, we made this as a background. So if you go here, and we make transparency to this layer, we can, we can

make, for example, even some traditional map by using WMS and by using QGIS and some other mapping services. So if I go to

new print layout, for example, and if I add this here, so I have practically WMS integrated in my typical standard map. So

I can add something like, I don't know, I can add grids and stuff like that. And to make it like very typical map that

you can see like printed map and stuff like that. For example, if I, if I add coordinates and stuff like that. So let's say that we have created some map, we can of

course, add title and similar stuff here. And we can export it as a PDF or similar. Let's go back to the slides. Maybe if you want to try to add the legend, let's go here and try

to add legend, you will have something that you maybe don't like. So there is also other option how to do it directly

by using web mapping services. So let's say that we don't like this kind of legend. But we are going to explore it later on. So if we construct get graphic example, so it is WMS

request that can request from the service that we take our legend, we can we can have this like like this. And the now I can add it to QGIS. If I add a picture, and here I can say

image. Okay, now I can. Now I can download this image and

upload here directly. But there is also option that you in some new QGIS, you can just paste URL here and you are going to have a legend in legend. So it is something like like this.

So you can add legend. And if you define here picture raster image, you can just paste this URL from get legend request.

Now, we can try also to see how to make a simple web map by using QGIS and by using WMS layer. So if we are again in QGIS, we can close this, we can use the plugin called QGIS to

web. And if we go create web map, I have here a list of layers that are going to be created by using this tool. So

I'm going to also use the digital elevation model. And I'm also going to use OpenStreetMap as a background, I can use open layers as a client to be to for web map to be created by using open open layers library. And here I can set some

additional tools related to the web map. Here I can say where it is going to be exported in some folder or it is going to be directly sent to some server using FTP. And

if I export this, I have simple web map here containing WMS and OpenStreetMap as a background. So if I go to the folder, I can see here, here is simple application that created

this web map. If I go in layers, I can see implementation of WMS in implementation of WMS in OpenLayers library. I

call. So here I have this get map from that we explored before how it is implemented in OpenLayers. So we have we

have similar parameters that we can also define in URL. And it is quite similar that you have today with Python that you tried and explored some web mapping services using Python.

So this is the implementation. This is the code. So beside these two, the main request related to related to the WMS, we have also get feature info describe layer get legend graphic that we explored and either if we go back to the QGIS

and if we try to make info on some location, it is implemented in the background. So we have get feature info running background and we have information for any

specific location about the in this case about the digital elevation about the height Yeah, but I think this is in a decimeter. It's not in meters, I think. Yes, you need to get meters. Yeah, I made the data so I

know. So the next surveys that we can explain a little bit is a web feature service. And I know also that you work today with the feature service. So it's a protocol that enables

downloaded, downloading and editing data over the internet. And if we have a feature service transaction, that's possible to use that service also for creating new deleting and modifying the vector data over the internet. The

typically when you use download from the feature services, the default is a GML format. But you can also use industry shape, JSON and others. Mostly in the web apps, it's JSON and G JSON, it's consumed a lot. So related to

the web feature service queries, we have get capabilities, describe type, get feature and similar. So we are not going to go into detail because I see that we have 10 minutes more. But let's see how it is. Work get

feature service. So very similar like that we have with get map service. So we have others to the web feature service, we have service name and version request is get

feature type name is name of the layer that we are going to consume. And here is defined that max features is two, because I just wanted to see that we are seeing source data. So web feature service provide us source data. So we

have coordinates and all attributes and everything necessary to play with this source date. If we take get feature service from the open data science Europe, here is one example. So we use version 2.0. And we have

requested JSON format as output. And we define the here that this ellipsoidal coordinates and also we

defined max feature but in this version of 2.0 max feature is not defined by keyword max feature now is defined by world count. So if you see the outputs, you see that we can use different formats. And if you try to add this web

feature services in QGIS, you can get the data directly. And of course, you can use right click and save it like Geopackage or S3 shape file or whatever. But please do

not use this data directly because he is here we have more than 5 million Lucas points, land cover points in this data set. So it's maybe not so clever to download to

consume all 5 million points in QGIS. But if you want to use selection by boundary box, you can send requests like this

one. So you ask for the data and you define boundary books as a limit for the data that you are going to use in some other application. For example, if I download this data in shapefile format, it is going to be zip that we need

to extract and then to add in QGIS. We cannot for example, may make web map using these three layers that we had before, vector data, WMS and tiling layer of OpenStreetMap on

the background and by using QGIS to web, we can make web map of these those three layers. Next services that we should mention is web coverage services. If we say that web

feature services is the downloading service for the vector data, we can say that web coverage services is the same but for raster data. If you want to take source, pure raster data from the service, you can, you have to use web

coverage services. There are three main functionalities, get capabilities very similar like we had before, describe coverage and get coverage. So here, I gave one example to

get coverage where I use our laboratory server and we are going to have this data in GeoTIFF. If we click on it, it is going just to download this data set. For Open Data

Science Europe, web coverage services are restricted. But you have today a lot of presentation related to cloud optimized TIFF and Wasabi that provides that data sets directly. And on the end, we have to mention web processing

services. But I also saw today that you have example of processing services provided by Martin Vanda. And I think that we do not need to repeat again, what is going on.

Because I would like also to show you the map Open Data Science application because as I told you, Gillup team made this application. So here you have a application, you have a

list of background layers that you can use, for example, this one or this one or big man. Then you have list of layers that you can also use to see the results. If I go here and

click, I have also information about the attributes for this specific location. So I have this for core inland cover for this four years, what is what was the class here at

this particular place. So I can turn off and turn on uncertainty and training points. For the training points, I have to be zoom in a lot because it consumes that

WFS that I show you that have that have 5 million points. So here now you can see in the background, it is it is WFS service that provide to you spatial data, spatial vector

data, and attribute information related to this spatial data. If I go back, here we have some functionalities related to the legend. So you can see the colors. If you go to 3d, you

are going to see virtual glow implemented in cesium. So you are going, you have possibility to see this in the environment. If we go here, you here we can we have linked to

metadata catalog implemented in geo network. So if I click here, I have metadata for this specific layer that is now

active. If I click here, I have access to wasabi to download the current layer. I can also here I can go and see animation for this layer, and stuff like that. I think

animation is much better this in 2d than in 3d. And I think we are on the time. So that's it.

Okay, thank you. Thank you. That was really thorough and really run through all the services and all the software that you use in standards. And we have some questions for you. So I will look if there's some questions in the chat.

Otherwise, I have a question for you. So imagine like this, imagine your organization producing spatial data, let's say for all of Europe, and, and let's say its organization is a low budget. And so this organization would like to

provide access, not only for to view the data, but also for people to query the data. So like, let's say this web coverage service type. And so what do you think what is the best option? What would you recommend today? What is the best option for organizations that would like to produce open

data and provide it, let's say with the lowest possible cost to highest number, highest possible number of users? What would you recommend? So if we are talking about the vector data, I wasn't mentioned, I didn't mention that WFS 3.0 is going to be

quite sophisticated, and it is going to be implemented similar like REST API. So it is going to be easy to use to even query the spatial data or the web related to the vector data. But related to the raster data, I don't know the, I think

the easiest solution is the cloud optimized geotiff. And for the vector data, like, I mean, how do people start like they install their own geo server, they get like on Amazon server or something and instance and then they install the geo server and then they put the data in geo

server. And then they just describe what do you recommend? Which are the best step? Is it better to make your own instance? Or is it better to outsource or to, you know, upload to some third party? What do you recommend to people that are now following this, let's say listening and they

produce data, but they don't know how to publish data? What would you recommend? I don't know, it seems to me that it would be the easiest if there is some institution that is willing to share infrastructure like their infrastructure like they, their geo geo server and stuff, or their databases. So for

example, if open land map is the kind of initiative that you can share the data using that infrastructure, it would be the easiest. Implementing your geo server is not so easy, I think.

But it's not also so much complicated. And cloud services would be also very good option. So I don't know. It seems to me that something like cloud optimized if should be also available for vector data. And I think that there are some initiatives that it's going to be developed maybe in

years or two. And in that case, it would be the easiest way that you use it like the same way like you use the cloud optimized YouTube. Okay, do we have other questions? audience? questions?

So one one question I want to ask you in the open the open data science Europe you're we noticed you did very good job with the geo server. And we noticed that animation is very fast. So when you scroll as long as you have a good bandwidth, you can scroll very quickly. And so what's the

magic? Can you just tell us how how do you get such a good system? I don't know it is mostly experience because we worked with this kind of projects a lot. And let's say, experience of setting everything to work smoothly is the key thing.

But usually it's also setting the parameters like the cache, the cache size, adding a lot of RAM to server using the SSD, right? So there are a couple of technical steps. They also call it a geo server on steroids, right? There's a whole

instruction, how to install geo server for very heavy tasks. And tell us what if, for example, really depends also what is the main point of geo server, it is going to be mainly used for the raster. So for the vectors, because for some tasks, for example, for the vectors, it's

mostly important to have a better part in processing, but for the raster in a better part in RAM for the server. So it is, it depends also on the what is the main purpose of the

serving data. And last question to ask you. So we also have in our project we have we're developing solutions for the virtual reality and augmented reality. And does OGC has already standards for virtual reality like 3d GIS and for augmented

reality? Are they already standards? Is it already is OGC ready for that? Or is it something still experimental? I don't know. But I guess that they have something because as soon as some some new thing in web development started, OGC

also started to implement the standard. So I think that there is something but I'm not expecting that. I don't know. I guess there is something