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The Grey Side of the Green Road.

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The Grey Side of the Green Road.
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Empirical Assessment of Academic Publishing in the HAL Open Repository
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11
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CC Attribution 3.0 Germany:
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Problem/goal HAL is the national open repository for documents and data from French scientists. The deposits are organized in institutional portals and collections from research units and projects. The paper analyse how grey literature is represented in the collections of French research laboratories of ten major French research universities on HAL. Research method/procedure The paper presents original empirical results from a follow-up study to former research (Schöpfel et al. 2018, 2019), based on the assessment of HAL deposits of more than 1,700 research laboratories from ten large French research universities (excellence initiative). These laboratories cover the whole range of scientific disciplines. Data on deposits (documents, records) has been extracted for each laboratory and each output type (articles, books, reports, data…) through the HAL API. This paper puts the focus on the grey part of the academic output, in particular conference papers, reports, working papers, theses and dissertations. Empirical results are provided on the percentage of grey items in HAL, on the part of open access, differences between grey document types, disciplinary specificities and institutional strategies. Anticipated results The proposed study will take our former research on HAL laboratory collections a step further, with a representative sample of more than 1,700 laboratories covering the whole range of scientific disciplines and including more document types and some categories of research data, especially image and video files. It will also make the link with a nationwide survey more than ten years ago, on the development of open access in France and on the place of grey literature in French open repositories (Stock & Schöpfel, 2009) (Schöpfel & Prost, 2010). We will present empirical data for different document types, and we will analyse their degree of openness (Schöpfel & Prost, 2014), in comparison to other, grey and non-grey resources. Our intention is to identify particular strategies of scientists, of research laboratories and universities regarding the use of the national open repository HAL. We expect to find typical strategies (or lack of strategies) on the local level of research laboratories, and we will try to assess conditions and variables that may explain these differences. We will discuss potential effects of the visibility, impact and evaluation of the laboratories' research output, and conclude with perspectives on future research. If possible (if available at the date of the conference), additional information from a survey with HAL collection managers will be included. Practical implications The results of the empirical study will contribute to a better understanding and to a consistent and informed development of open access strategies by research laboratories. They will also provide rich data for the assessment of the research output of laboratories. Related costs The study is part of the research project HAL/LO funded by GIS URFIST from 2019-2021 with 10,000 euros.
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Transcript: English(auto-generated)
My name is Joachim Schoeppel, I'm Associate Professor at the University of Lille in France and a consultant in academic publishing, scientific and technical information. My presentation here is teamwork with my colleagues from Lille and the University of
Lille in Britain. The context of the presentation is open science, open access to scientific information and specifically the green road, which means the self-achiving and open repository.
In France, as the French Open Science Monica shows, they're on the left side, near to half of academic publishing is already available in open access and the major part of this is green road in open institutional and other repositories.
Our study is about the high repository and this is particular to France. It's a big
national open repository for nearly 20 years now with many items of all kinds, all disciplines and the items, one part deposits of documents with the full text and others is just deposit of
metadata. Sometimes it's linked to the full text, sometimes not. And then there is some data, some research data and the question is what can be said about the grey part of this content.
The study is a by-product, if you want, of a large-scale study about open access strategy of research laboratories. We conducted and we're still doing it, it's a two-year project
and we conduct quantitative and qualitative research with the 10 major research universities in France, part of excellence initiative in France,
with a large part of students PhD and scholars. The study is with more than 1,200 research laboratories which are about 40% of all research laboratories in France and their deposits
in the high repositories is near one billion items. This is about one third of the whole content. So what is a part of grey literature? About 35%. The rest is mainly white. White,
journal articles, books, book chapters and other commercial stuff.
Then there is a small part of data sets, one person's image, video, audio files and so on. Some other data files are stored in annex to documents, but keep in mind the high repository is not a data repository. It has been designed
for documents, publications of all kinds, but not for data. But there is a small part and you will see later on that is a particular part. There is a discussion of how to transform it into a data repository, but it's just a discussion for the moment.
So which are the grey items? Most of them, more than two-thirds, are conference papers followed by PhD dissertations, preprints, working papers, reports and then posters
and others. Others are, there are some Baccala BA and master dissertations of course where habilitations and other stuff, some patterns. But the most important are conference paper. Conference paper, yes, we already had a discussion in the former years. It's a GL
conference. There are conference papers which can be considered as grey and others as they are published in scientific journals. Not, but here it's all taken together. This is the whole,
we didn't make any distinction between conference papers published in journals and in proceedings and just on the platform there. So what can be said about openness? Openness is a part of full text from all deposits. You see that's a part of grey literature, the open part of grey
literature is higher than of white and this confirms what we already evaluated and assessed
for now I think more than 10 years. It's always the same result. What is interesting, this nearly all data on HAL are deposited with data files. Just
some software deposits are without the files. So this is broken up
with different document categories and you see on the left side data and then the grey literature, PhD preprints, reports, posts and conference papers and in dark blue it's the open part and in light blue it's the closed, at least closed in the way that you can't get
the documents on the repository. Perhaps it's somewhere else. And you see on the right side the white part and what you can see that, especially PhD, nearly all PhD thesis of these
laboratories are in open access. You can get them on the repositories and most of the working papers in preprints also and then of the other categories, smaller categories, master, BA,
rehabilitation and so on. And then less for the posters, less for the conference papers. Then nearly on the same level than the other type of so-called white items, journal articles, book chapters and so on. So around 20% less than 30%.
The explanation is easy. When you deposit a PhD on the repository, the repository asks you, it's required to deposit the full text and same for data files. This is not required for the
others. You can deposit the metadata of a report or conference papers and they don't ask you. They encourage deposit of the full text but it's not required. So we started to make analysis about disciplines, the great domains, and you can see that some
great domains are more open than other, at least on this repository, life and medical science, science and technology, more open. That's the one minute mark? Okay, more great
literature in science, technology and social science and humanities. What you can see here, but it's just work in progress, there are obvious institutional differences between the large universities. Some are more grey, some are more open. Maybe there are some clusters that surely
an interpretation related to institutional policy regarding open access and disciplinary particularities of the different universities. And we are working on it to get more information.
Limitations of the study, we focus on Hull and we excluded for the moment other repositories, especially for preprints, bio-archive, meta-archive, archive and so on. What is interesting on Hull, there are already three grey portals for reports. And that's time?
Yep, PhDs and master with 200,000 items. The strength of all this, they are unique, identify a specific data, long-term preservation guarantee. Many grey items are only there and
nowhere else. Weakness, no DOI minting, no full-text requirement, as I already said. And what we will do from now on and next year, it's a detailed analysis of
difference between disciplines, between universities, analysis on the level of the research laboratories, which a qualitative approach, surveys with all the laboratories, interviews and so on. And maybe, maybe that there will be other insight into
dealing, handling on the laboratory level with grey literature and then we present it. If somebody is interested to work with us, we have a lot of data and there may be an opportunity to make a re-analysis. So, thank you.