Web 3 - A New Web For A New World
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00:00
Physical systemDigital signalPresentation of a groupPerspective (visual)Web 2.0Computer animation
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WordMessage passingDatabase transactionMeeting/Interview
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Message passingSource codeDrawing
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Source codeMessage passingGroup actionMessage passingResultantRight angleArmNeuroinformatikComputer animation
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ComputerMessage passingNeuroinformatikoutputAuthorizationResultantData storage device40 (number)Computer animation
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AuthorizationDecision theoryNeuroinformatikCryptographyoutputCurveComputer animation
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MathematicsBranch (computer science)Elliptic curveComputer animation
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Sign (mathematics)PasswordMagnetic stripe cardBranch (computer science)BitBiostatisticsAuthorizationMathematicsEntropie <Informationstheorie>AuthenticationPasswordComputer animation
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Heat transferFamilyDigital photographyKeyboard shortcutMultiplication signBlogSoftwareComputer animation
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BlogProduct (business)Multiplication signSoftwareOpen sourceProjective planeInheritance (object-oriented programming)Computer iconPower (physics)Physical systemRight angleRow (database)CodeXML
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Power (physics)Physical systemHeat transferComputer animation
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LeakComputing platformDigital photographyTwitterMetadataUser profileFacebookGeometryMetreComputer animation
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Ferry CorstenContent (media)Observational studyGoogolCASE <Informatik>AreaCondition numberDigital mediaBlogInsertion lossIdentity managementFacebookHacker (term)Physical systemPower (physics)INTEGRALDifferent (Kate Ryan album)Open sourceBusiness modelSoftware developerXML
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Physical systemPower (physics)Hacker (term)Computer animation
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Data modelFacebookServer (computing)NeuroinformatikState of matterEndliche Modelltheorie
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Machine visionSynchronizationServer (computing)State of matterTwitterContent (media)Automatic differentiationComputer animation
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SoftwarePhysical systemState of matterAutomatic differentiationBlock (periodic table)ChainFocus (optics)
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Block (periodic table)ChainBlock (periodic table)ChainState of matterMultiplication signPhysical systemMoment (mathematics)Computer animation
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Axiom of choiceMathematicsPhysical systemLine (geometry)Lie groupComputer animation
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Physical systemContent (media)InternetworkingLevel (video gaming)
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InternetworkingContent (media)Level (video gaming)Computer animation
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InternetworkingWeb 2.0Web 2.0Power (physics)Read-only memoryInternetworkingContent (media)Fluid staticsReading (process)ChainDirectory serviceWritingWeb pagePoint (geometry)
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Mobile appWeb 2.0Virtual machineTranslation (relic)CodecNeuroinformatikInternetworkingAutomatic differentiationWritingPoint (geometry)BuildingComputer animation
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Message passingContent (media)Firewall (computing)Database transactionBuildingPhysical systemWeb 2.0Translation (relic)ChainLine (geometry)InternetworkingTelecommunicationMultiplication signCuboidPoint (geometry)Open setBlock (periodic table)MathematicsHeat transferOnline chat
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Uniform resource locatorWeb 2.0Open set2 (number)Software frameworkLaptopPhysical systemComputer fileFile systemPoint (geometry)
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Mobile appReal numberCartesian coordinate systemInteractive televisionDatabase transactionComputing platformWeb 2.0Primitive (album)Multiplication signCore dump1 (number)Goodness of fitMoment (mathematics)BlogRepresentation (politics)Auditory maskingMathematicsComputer animation
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Point cloudOpen sourceComputer animation
Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:05
Hello, and welcome to this short presentation about what is essentially intermediaries. My name is Bruno, I'm from the Web3 Foundation, and I serve there as the technical educator, explaining what we do and what we are developing from a technical perspective.
00:22
So, I mentioned intermediaries, and intermediaries are like people or more likely institutions that make sure that two parties in a deal keep their word. Basically, the receiving party has to receive what was arranged,
00:40
and the sending party has to be punished if they don't keep their promise. That's what intermediaries are. And intermediaries basically forward our messages, forward our transactions, make sure stuff happens on our behalf. And indeed, since humans were able to stand on two legs, we haven't been able to trust each other, and we needed intermediaries to do that for us.
01:00
We needed somebody to make sure that other people fulfill their promises to us. So, let's dive into intermediaries a little bit and define what they really are, what they actually do. So, intermediaries accept messages from outside sources, right? We are the source, and we give them a message on what to do.
01:22
They also act on these messages once the message is authenticated as really coming from us, the origin of the message. Then the results of these messages need to be computed. There has to be some kind of outcome to this message, and that outcome has to be stored somewhere, right? So, does that sound familiar?
01:41
It's just a computer, right? It does the exact same thing. You put messages in, something happens, you store the result, and then somebody looks at it later on and then uses that as the next input for their next message. So, why have intermediaries not been replaced by computers by now? Why do we need these intermediaries and institutions if this is really that simple?
02:02
And the answer is authority. Well, authority and authorization in a nutshell, because a computer does not have the ability or the authorization to decide something on our behalf without our input. And this is what these intermediaries actually do. So, they make decisions when there's any kind of arbitration,
02:21
when there's any kind of disagreement, they will decide who's right and who's wrong. And this is why we like them, this is why we use them today. And indeed, there are many ways to relay authority and authorization to other people, from simple things like payment checks, which are still in use today in some primitive societies
02:42
like the United States of America, to elliptic curve cryptography, which is a branch of mathematics that lets you prove that you know something without revealing what you know, and without letting anybody else impersonate your knowledge later on. And we have made big strides in forwarding this authorization.
03:02
We've made it so much simpler to forward this authorization to an authority. We have usernames and passwords, we have two-factor authentication to make things a little bit more secure, though not very much if you're using SMS. We have biometrics even, which is the least secure of them all, but the most practical of them all. And with all of these conveniences, these awesome, awesome upgrades,
03:24
we now have the ability to send and receive money globally in an instant. We have the ability to stalk our crushes or post our baby photos. We have the ability to find lost friends and family or argue with strangers online. We can become keyboard warriors at the click of a button.
03:41
We can post blogs that reach anybody anywhere at any time and are automatically promoted to everybody else in that same network. We can even date online, or whatever it is you call that when people use Tinder. We can also collaborate on open source code, like this was unimaginable before. People around the world who are thousands of kilometers apart
04:03
can work on the same software project without clashes and end up with an awesome product together that's launched without any central oversight that they can all agree on, and that's amazing. And let's not forget that you can also rent out your apartment without ever actually meeting the person
04:21
that you're renting the apartment to. That's mind-blowingly practical, right? I mean, it lets you just earn money for an empty room without having to deal with people. It's great. And this intermediary takes care of that dealing with people, right? You don't ever have to meet them. Everything happens through the intermediary. It's super great, super practical. But also it's not a coincidence that the bank icon resembles a prison,
04:43
because in any system of perceivably hoardable power, somebody's going to hoard that power. And when people abuse that system and when they take the power of the intermediaries, that abuse becomes that much worse. So now you have institutions like PayPal and TransferWise
05:01
who have closed accounts left and right without any kind of justification to people they simply do not like, or to people they are ordered not to like. TransferWise itself has closed my business account with money still in it and refunded some customers overnight and invented a reason I have yet to hear back from their support two years later.
05:21
Instagram has had its own metadata leakage and allowed people to access private profiles of other people and to stalk them by using geotags on their photos. Facebook is no stranger to controversy. They have leaks so often we don't even care anymore. Every week something new leaks and we just, whatever. Twitter has been no stranger to corporate censorship
05:43
and to shutting down accounts it disagrees with, and that's becoming more and more of a problem on many other platforms as well. And Medium itself has built such a walled garden of posts that it's impossible to exit practically, that they are basically holding your content hostage and using it to drive revenue to the popular bloggers
06:02
while your content is there to drive that traffic and they share nothing with you. Tinder and OkCupid have both been data mined. Tinder has leaked through Facebook integrations. OkCupid was data mined and some identities were exposed. You can Google that. It's a very interesting case study. And GitHub itself has earlier, has last year,
06:23
just closed down some accounts from Iranian developers and caused them to lose months and months of their open source work just because one fat guy in a cigar told other people, I don't like you. And because he said, I don't like you, GitHub said, you no longer have your account. So the sanctions towards Iran have caused people to lose accounts and a lot of their work.
06:44
Airbnb itself is being hunted in some areas of the world where people are being chased down by institutions who are under the foot of the hotel lobby and others who do not like this business model. And having one central intermediary through which
07:02
all of this data goes makes it that much easier to identify these people who need to be hunted down. So power is being hoarded, abused, and when it's being accessed by people who weren't supposed to access it, the abuse is that much worse. The hackers can get your data, they can use it in different ways, and it's all around a very unhealthy system.
07:23
It's becoming a very dangerous system. And like Buckminster Fuller said, you never change things by fighting existing reality. We cannot fix this. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing one obsolete. So we now have these walled gardens where these institutions do not necessarily trust each other.
07:40
One computer at Facebook doesn't necessarily trust the server state of Twitter. Their vision of the world doesn't necessarily have to be in sync. When somebody has that many likes there, they don't have that many likes there. When one post is the truth here, it doesn't have to be the truth there. And they're doing this on purpose.
08:01
They have no interest, no incentive to agree on content because they rely on ads, and their ads are driven by your rage. So they give you click bait, they give you posts that make you upset, and they make you drain your focus, they make you drain your willpower in one location so that you have no more to drain in their competitor's place.
08:23
This is the system that we have built and encouraged. They are competing with each other by keeping the walls closed and by keeping the state of the world isolated in each of these networks. And this is harming users, but benefiting them individually. So now we bring the blockchain into matters.
08:44
The blockchain brings us a global state of truth that everybody can check at any moment in time. It's just math. And if you have a global state of truth that nobody can say is not true, then the systems can trust each other. Then we have the walled gardens that are becoming un-walled.
09:03
The gardens are starting to talk to each other because they have no choice. If they lie, it is obvious that they lie because we can check that they're lying mathematically. But also, we don't really need these systems anymore because we can trust each other. We now are participants of this global system of trust
09:20
and we can trust that each of us is telling the truth about what they are saying. So we have commoditized trust. We have turned it into an online resource and now we have the internet of value and trust because we have tacked a trust level onto the content that we have. And so in the beginning, there was the primitive internet
09:41
where people were skeptics and told everybody that it would never work. Then there was the wonderful read-only internet with lots of directories, handmade directories, static web pages, nobody was actually evil. Then Web 2.0 came and this is where we are now, walled gardens and insane practicality. So practical, we don't want to leave it
10:01
even in spite of all the evil that we see. And now we have Web 3.0. So Web 3.0 is the read-write-trust web. It's the verifiable web. It's the web where you can verify a content's truth. And that's huge, that's mega powerful. But the Web 3.0 is not just blockchain, right?
10:21
These are blockchain apps that I use every day but the Web 3.0 is more than that, it's much more than that. So the Web 3.0 is three things. It's linked data, it's data that machines have to understand and know how to parse and know how to process without a translator in the middle, without an adapter written by humans that needs to be in place for the machines to understand each other.
10:42
And we've had that since like 2000 or so. Then there's the distributed data. So we need to make sure that all the computers that need the data have the data so that we can make sure that these computers can actually talk and can exchange this data. But there's something missing because we've had this since Torrance, right? Something is missing. And this is where blockchain comes in.
11:01
Blockchain adds trust to that data so that now the machines that have the data can make sure that their copy is as legit as everybody else's copy and that the copy coming in is as legit as the one that they expect. So now we have the internet that is linked and that is trusted and that is distributed. And that's the essence of the Web 3.0.
11:22
This is what we're building at the Web 3.0 Foundation. Web 3.0 is a system of being able to send a message anywhere, anytime, to anyone, anyhow without fear of censorship or downtime. That's all there is to it. And that message can be hello in a chat program. It can be forbidden content that the Chinese firewall
11:40
doesn't want you to see. Or it can be a financial transaction. You can send money to anyone, anywhere in the world. That's all there is to it. So all we want is to make it possible to transfer messages from anywhere to anywhere. Now, our system is the internet of blockchain in a way because we are building Polkadot and that's a system that allows
12:01
other blockchains to talk to each other. We are not competing with them. We are making all of them better by allowing them to share their strengths through one common system. I don't really have time to go into this diagram, but I would love to explain it later if you grab me. Essentially, these pink boxes are these chains that are communicating.
12:21
And they're communicating through the central system and these pink lines in the middle. They are the communication messages between the blockchains. We have built a system which lets independent and completely unrelated blockchains securely speak to each other without relayers, without humans doing the translation. And this allows us to pull the greatest strengths
12:41
of all the independent blockchains into one system and makes the Web 3.0 possible. So what we are doing with this is we are locking the web open by adding a new infrastructure layer on top of everything that exists right now. By upgrading the system and making the blockchains talk to each other
13:00
and allowing all the accompanying systems like IPFS, the Interplanetary File System, or Whisper or Swarm and all of these other things that are being developed to talk to other blockchains through this system, we are effectively locking the web open and making it forever impossible to go back to the dystopian way of aggressive data harvesting, repackaging,
13:21
and selling our own data back to us that we are stuck in the Web 2.0 world. So this is essentially what we're doing. Please go to web3.foundation to find out more if you're interested. Grab me afterwards. I would love to explain everything that we do. And if you're interested in the practical side of things, we have a workshop tonight.
13:42
Substrate Workshop. Substrate is a framework for developing your own blockchain that can talk to Polkadot. It's two hours, and in two hours, you will develop your own blockchain. It's free to attend. Just go to this URL. We'll have a hands-on workshop. Bring your laptop. Just make sure you install the prerequisites. Everything's on this URL.
14:01
And I hope to see you there for a practical introduction of everything that I've talked about here. I have a few seconds for questions, which I will take now. Thank you. That's it. Yes. I've checked out the Web 3.0.
14:22
Here. Where? Oh, okay. I've used the Web 3.0 application myself with applications like MetaMask. And although I think it's quite innovative, one thing that I did notice was that various applications that were previously not monetized were now monetized because blockchain is a generally monetized platform.
14:44
So what I'm wondering is, could blockchain be used for just data without a financial token or coin attached to it? Yes. So the use of your blockchain is entirely up to you. So the question was, could applications on the blockchain be used without a financial incentive involved?
15:02
The blockchain itself, no, because you need an incentive on the core layer to keep people participating in the blockchain. Otherwise it falls apart. But applications on the blockchain itself, yes, absolutely. They can and they do. There are many applications that do not have an incentive built in and that can function perfectly well by just providing some primitives that you can use in other apps or directly
15:22
and that do not require any kind of financial incentive. Interacting with the blockchain itself still requires you to pay some transactions. That's some details that we can't, we don't really have time to go into right now. But there are many applications that you do not need to have a financial incentive for and that are perfectly suited for the blockchain. And of course, there are many more
15:40
that are absolutely ill-suited for blockchain and 99.9% stuff should never touch a blockchain. So 99.9%, just getting that out there. But there are things that are perfectly suited for it and that can and should use it, yeah. I think we're out of time, yeah? Any other questions real quick?
16:06
No? Okay, thank you.