Phase Diagrams 101 - How do we read phase diagrams of multicomponent systems?
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| Number of Parts | 12 | |
| Author | 0000-0002-4319-5413 (ORCID) | |
| License | CC Attribution 3.0 Germany: You are free to use, adapt and copy, distribute and transmit the work or content in adapted or unchanged form for any legal purpose as long as the work is attributed to the author in the manner specified by the author or licensor. | |
| Identifiers | 10.5446/45975 (DOI) | |
| Publisher | 0000-0002-4319-5413 (ORCID) | |
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| Producer | 0000-0002-4319-5413 (ORCID) | |
| Production Year | 2020 | |
| Production Place | Jülich |
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00:00
MixtureMeeting/Interview
00:14
Physical chemistryChemistryBase (chemistry)TopicityMixtureAlcoholProcess (computing)Lecture/ConferenceMeeting/Interview
00:31
FlüchtigkeitMixtureButylPressurePascal (unit)Lecture/Conference
00:53
Gibbs' phase ruleSystemic therapyHuman body temperatureComposite materialPressureStratotypComputer animation
01:26
IsotopenmarkierungSurface scienceHomogeneous (chemistry)Systemic therapyConcentrateIce frontPressureComposite materialBleiglanzStream gaugeHuman body temperatureEngineering drawing
03:39
IsotopenmarkierungHuman body temperatureMixtureStem cellCondensationMixturePascal (unit)Electronic cigaretteComposite materialRedoxLeft-wing politicsAlcoholAmount of substanceSurface sciencePressureHuman body temperatureBoilingZweikomponentensystem <Molekularbiologie>Drop (liquid)Systemic therapySorption isothermGasHope, ArkansasBinding energyGezeitenküsteSea levelBerylliumCalvin cycleWursthülleRock (geology)Carbon (fiber)IslandDiagram
09:01
MixtureEthanolBoyle-Mariotte-GesetzISO-Komplex-HeilweiseWaterÜbergangszustandComposite materialMixtureSystemic therapyAlcoholHuman body temperatureBoyle-Mariotte-GesetzEthanol
09:54
CrystalHuman body temperatureChemical compoundSteam distillationBoyle-Mariotte-GesetzFreezingWursthülleComposite materialSilverBoilingGoldHuman body temperatureMixtureZweikomponentensystem <Molekularbiologie>CondensationAuftauenSystemic therapyStream gaugeDrop (liquid)LactitolTransformation <Genetik>
10:56
CrystalMiscibilitySodium chlorideBrineHuman body temperatureIceHaliteAuftauenFreezingSolutionWaterHaliteComposite materialEutectic systemSodium chlorideBriningAuftauenMixtureSystemic therapyHuman body temperatureMetabolic pathwayDecompositionThermoformingSaltTeaMetastasisSkarnISO-Komplex-HeilweiseIsotopenmarkierungIceFireChemical formulaWaterfallGeneMan page
13:11
Gibbs free energyMixturePhysical chemistryChemistryMalerfarbeMixtureAcetic acidWaterAlpha particleHomogeneous (chemistry)ChloroformProcess (computing)Setzen <Verfahrenstechnik>Composite materialBoyle-Mariotte-GesetzVSEPR theorySystemic therapyISO-Komplex-HeilweiseRecreational drug useTopicityFiningsSea levelSolutionAgricultureDairy productMeeting/Interview
16:13
Physical chemistryChemistryTopicityMeeting/Interview
Transcript: English
00:00
the behaviour of pure substances are mixtures is very often described graphic of the faced i see how can we kind of translate these diagrams into real life. hello and welcome to scan basics a topic today how to read face diagrams in particular what are by no adults tie lines in darien points.
00:31
the start of the mix jobs i cause an example which were guided through with the lecture gimmicks one more of liquid as a prop up a god short i p eight and one mole of liquid as a beautiful car chart i.b.a. anteaters mixture to a ninety two.
00:51
centigrade. this will lead to a total pressure of one hundred locals costs if we analyze the guest face above the liquid picture we see that is seventy percent and i.p.a. whether he could face is only fifty percent.
01:12
what we just as cry is one possible state of the two components system i.b.a. i.p.a. correct arrived by temperature pressure and composition as you may remember gives phase rule demands to set three and only three parameters to on.
01:32
ambiguously scribe the two components system. if you want to plot each and every possible state of the two components system who made with those using of cotton plane or other work on the space with the axis temperature pressure and composition.
01:51
their example who end up with this representation. is typical for the face diagram of of the components system that the x. axis is kind of can find the concentration of component be on it goes from zero to one hundred percent.
02:11
we can now choose any temperature pressure composition triple and the face around would tell us how does a similar look like.
02:21
at first glance many phase diagrams might look confusing but is a guideline for discussing face diagrams first of all. enable the regions and the diagram which are homogeneous which consist of a single phase for example the liquid face region and the gas a station the remaining regions other and marty face.
02:46
campbell we find a homogeneous liquid face like here and how to use gas face friday. the dividing lines or the wife surfaces between homogeneous a heterogeneous regions are caused by a notice in this diagram we see to buy notice i know the surfaces to be correct to faze region liquid guess the separated from the liquid face.
03:12
the region by the boiling point line. or other surface and it is separated from the gaz is a region by that you point line or other two points up for the sake of clarity most books used to be faced diagrams projections of this three the face diagram on to either the x t plane of the next.
03:36
people. the surface on top and other front of this reach the diagram examples.
03:44
with the to deface diagrams a bind those reviews from services to clients for example the yellow line is a boiling point of the blue line is a jew point. the following want to discuss the two d. x.t. face diagram of the i.b.a. i p a system that is the projection you find on top of this three d. diagram we choose a pressure to be constant and standard value one hundred kilobits.
04:17
the composition of the system is plotted on the x. carbon that and temperature on the island.
04:24
on the next corner you will find the pure what i've been a in the high boyle up on the left and and pure i.p.a. the low boiler on the right. the to bind a little else boiling point curve and you point to intersect into points the other card in darien points and this case these are the morning points of the pure components.
04:51
the face iran may answer many questions on the behavior of mixtures who will discuss some of them now first question at what temperature will the aforementioned fifty fifty i.b.a. i p a mixture starts to boy to analysts me draw a so-called i hope left.
05:11
a line and which the composition of the mixtures constant at x. equals point five into the diagram and see where the line intersects with the boiling point.
05:24
intersection is and three hundred sixty five cohens this is obviously the temperature has risen mixer will start to boy. the first iran also has us had what temperature of fifty fifty guests years mixture of ivy and i.p.a. will start to condense start to you your have to draw the eye the blood from a bafta and mark the intersection with a coupon obviously at three hundred and seven.
05:54
he won kevin's the first liquid droplets can dance from a gaseous fifty fifty mixture.
06:01
remember the boiling point curve always refers to the composition of the he quit mixture that you point to have always refers to the conclusion of gazidis mixtures. back to the liquid fifty fifty mix this mix just starts to boil add three hundred sixty five cadence now what's the composition of the way purse the gas face a buff spoiling the exchange what you have to ask setai line or the connote.
06:33
the title can note is a straight line in the two phase region of advice i ram which connects the compositions of the faces at equitably.
06:44
every her is online in the two face regions is infect a timeline pipelines are as both eyes of bars and eyes up the straw timeline for the to face regions starting at intersection i the blood boiling point.
07:03
the intersection of the thailand with it you point curve is at points said that the composition of the gas face the guest face over a fifty fifty liquid mixture is therefore in rich with low boy. similarly we can use of faced iran determined that the liquid that results from a fifty fifty gas face mixture is enriched with a high boy and thailand has lost the first drops of liquid about twenty percent in my ph.
07:36
the face diagram we can discuss any temperature and composition of the two components system for example if we are fifty fifty mixture to three hundred and seventy calvin's we are in the two phase region which means that this mixture it's not.
07:56
but stable or as homages phase but it's the composer's along the thai line into a liquid face and the guys his face the intersection of the thailand with the by notice.
08:11
as us the composition of the faces the liquid phases forty percent of the ghosts faith as fifty five percent in i.p.a..
08:21
if you want any time in the amount of substance and the liquid and the guests face we need the so-called he never ruled the tide i'm sort of a level of the mixture beings a folk rock live on a year the distance from the four come to the left and of the tide line moderate live by the amount of the liquid face.
08:42
this is equal to the lever on bees a distant from the four from the right end of the tide line might have liked by the amount of the gas face in our case a is about twice the size as be which means that we have twice as much gas face as the critics.
09:01
the example just discussed as a few to alcohol as a proper car corresponds to an ideal mixture with non idea mixtures of them maybe maxima armenian much in the face diagram for example of the seven or water system the boiling point curve that you point curve.
09:21
intersect three times but only on both sides of the first are a gram of the pure components but also in a minimum these minimum his card and as usual. so we have in effect we in various points in the style graham the boiling point of pure water up at constant one hundred thirty great the boiling point of pure after no at constant seventy eight point three the great and the boiling point of the the a drop at constant seventy eight point two said.
09:54
act in their intolerance face transitions aka at a constant temperature mall where the compositions of both phases it equipment are the same.
10:04
and at the drop is a constant boiling point mixture and boys and condenses like a pure substance. it cannot be separated into its compound spider station. this also has a face diagram of an ideal two components system however it is not a boiling face diagram by the melting for us there.
10:29
the binomial see a card solid as line and liquid the slime and to tell us what temperature a solid face melts or temperature records face solidifies as any idea face diagram we have only true in very importance name is a face transformations of the pure so.
10:50
sensors and this case the melting point of service and the most important off go to hear see another face diagram more precisely a magic face diagram off or non idea mixture system been service and cop out there are three in darien parnes the murdering point of view.
11:10
the server the mugging point of your cuppa and a minimal the minimum is called the e.u. tactic it represents a mixture with the lowest met in part of the system and again it's mets and fall of the fires like a pure substance at a constant temperature.
11:28
the liquids utecht tick mixture solidifies on cooling into two solid faces which do not form of homage a solution by the hitter genius mixture.
11:40
here we see the face diagram of the water and a c. alice us a bit more complicated because in addition to h two o. and an a.c.l. we have another homogeneous solid face the hair like a light chemical formula and a c. point to h two o..
12:01
his only stable up to approximately zero senate great and then he composes into solid a.c.l. and liquid brian discussing their style ram we follow our usual path first of all the search for and label lama genius regions those are the liquid face the brine.
12:21
salt h two o. ice solid he lied and solid in a sea of all other regions are hundred genes we can draw and though by no it was so for example that it was lines and two important thailand's the tide on that this crisis.
12:41
compositional had lived under a timeline that goes through the utecht the decomposition of highlight a zero centigrade somewhat equivalent to the behaviour of for your technique man but in the opposite to a homage genius solid melts on eating into to face us.
13:02
hit the region is mixture of are equipped with a different competition and another for this is called perry tech to you. want to describe as rican points system we can to pick any possible mixture in an equal errors buying the so-called gifts face trying the corners of the triangle with percent pure components the edges of the triangle represents to component mixtures and the area inside of the triangle.
13:32
relates to three component mixtures when discussing the face trying the you have to keep in mind that the composition axis are not perpendicular to each other but for the sixty degree and the composition of the red dot mark here corresponds to twenty percent of component see.
13:52
twenty percent of component be and sixty percent complete and eight years and other regions regions may also occur in the face trying the diagram and so are by knows.
14:04
is a diagram of this resolve and crawl farm water and a sudden gas the system is headed a genius below the by noted and homogeneous about. if we started with a fifty fifty chloroform what a mixture in the drug use region and point one it with then gradually add more and more static s. that we come to the points to three and four.
14:31
we may draw tied on three point two and three which tell us which faces are actually breath. and point two for example we have an organic face of the other two composition and a necklace phase of peter to competition.
14:50
mr safire the exact composition of the phases of for two and better to australia triangles have been proven useful here ambika also specifies a quantitative ratio of the faces of for two and better to buy application of the lever to lower arm a is large as a level.
15:10
on the this means that face peter to is in excess as summarize the best way to discuss face iran's is that you look first for them a genius and heterogeneous regions than labour the by nobles and draw and sometimes finally to pick the in dairy farms.
15:31
and specify the processes that take place at these points idea face iran's with a boring or melting face iran's show need a maximum nominee mom for the finals not an idea mixtures may have maximum minima which are card has huge rope parrot hectic or utecht.
15:51
spending on the type of guy gets face triangle has been useful for the restoration of three component mixtures ganda maybe by knowles and thailand the style graham.
16:03
thailand only tells us the composition of the phases and that the region's region but also back wanted to ratio we have to apply to every more information about the topic a fine book and of let's just fighting for.