Flood Vulnerability Index for coastal communities linked to mangrove forests based on the COASTMAP URABÁ project
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00:00
Denial-of-service attackVulnerability (computing)Price indexForestForestTexture mappingControl flowVulnerability (computing)Subject indexingDenial-of-service attackComputer animation
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Projective planeGoodness of fitPlane (geometry)MereologyUniverse (mathematics)
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Vulnerability (computing)Denial-of-service attackPrice indexForestSubject indexingForestProjective planeTexture mappingConstructor (object-oriented programming)MereologyDenial-of-service attackVulnerability (computing)Presentation of a groupPerspective (visual)Sign (mathematics)Process (computing)Universe (mathematics)Event horizonFood energyIntegrated development environmentResultantDifferent (Kate Ryan album)Computer animation
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Exception handlingContext awarenessInclusion mapDirac delta functionWater vaporNatural numberEvent horizonIntegrated development environmentHazard (2005 film)Characteristic polynomialResultantDifferent (Kate Ryan album)Element (mathematics)ForestDenial-of-service attackConnectivity (graph theory)Perspective (visual)Form (programming)Projective planeKey (cryptography)Office suiteGoogolTheoryReverse engineeringPoint (geometry)AreaArm
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Conservation lawForestPoint (geometry)Electric generatorForestProjective planeMereologyPlotterKey (cryptography)Natural numberConservation lawLecture/Conference
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Vulnerability (computing)Mathematical analysisEvent horizonAerodynamicsReduction of orderResultantCASE <Informatik>Mathematical analysisDenial-of-service attackEvent horizonVulnerability (computing)Strategy gameTexture mappingForcing (mathematics)Computer animation
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Subject indexingEstimationPhysical systemFocus (optics)Representation (politics)Characteristic polynomialPressure volume diagramDenial-of-service attackScale (map)Event horizonAreaPrice indexSubject indexingVulnerability (computing)Nichtlineares GleichungssystemExecution unitDifferent (Kate Ryan album)Machine visionComputer animation
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Price indexVulnerability (computing)System programmingLink (knot theory)Recurrence relationData structureProcess (computing)Physical systemProjective planePoint (geometry)Software frameworkMereologyComputer animation
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Price indexMereologyPhysical systemDenial-of-service attackSoftware frameworkRecurrence relationData structureProcess (computing)Computer animation
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Entire functionWater vaporTexture mappingGreen's functionSpacetimeComputer animation
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ForestDenial-of-service attackWater vaporComputer animationDiagram
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Subject indexingPrice indexDenial-of-service attackVulnerability (computing)Component-based software engineeringRoutingInformationConnectivity (graph theory)Subject indexingComputer animation
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Subject indexingTotal S.A.Graph (mathematics)Euclidean vectorSubject indexingInformationVapor barrierComputer configurationLattice (order)ResultantConnectivity (graph theory)Total S.A.Vulnerability (computing)Computer animation
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DivisorConfiguration spaceVulnerability (computing)Euclidean vectorLink (knot theory)Process (computing)Subject indexingVector potentialVector potentialDivisorPhase transitionConnectivity (graph theory)Bit rateLink (knot theory)Term (mathematics)Constructor (object-oriented programming)Subject indexingProjective planeDenial-of-service attackVulnerability (computing)Natural numberComputer animation
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Conservation lawSign (mathematics)Graph coloringAuthorizationProjective planeNatural numberForestArmGraph (mathematics)
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Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:07
Hello, we have the last talk from this track and before the break and the plenary. So we have flood vulnerability index for coastal communities linked to mangrove forest based on the coast map Urbana
00:21
project in Colombia by Maria Fernanda Pena Valencia. She also has some other colleagues to work on this project. So let's hear it up. Thank you. So good evening everyone. And my name is Maria Fernanda Pena. I am a biologist from Medellin, Colombia. I am also part of the youth mappers chapter of the University of Antioquia in Medellin.
00:43
I'm going to share with you part of a project that we've been carrying out since 2017 in our youth mappers chapter. This is a project that is still in process. So the the name of this presentation is construction of the flood vulnerability index for coastal communities that are linked to mangrove forest. This is based on the project
01:04
coast map Urava. Well from from the human perspective natural hazards are your physical events that endanger lives of different people around the world. But this danger is not only a result of the geophysical event. It is also a result of the different human environments like social, economic, political environments.
01:29
Then a natural hazard become a natural disaster depending on both components. One of the most significant geophysical events that usually result in natural disasters are
01:43
floods. And the exposure to it is increasing worldwide due to climate change and population growth. Natural disasters occur worldwide. However, it is in developing countries where usually its impact is greater.
02:01
Colombia is not the exception. In fact floods has always been a serious threat for its population. Colombia is here in the north of South America. I also highlighted Romania. So in the southern region of the Caribbean coast of Colombia, close to the border with Panama,
02:21
is located due to a Gulf. It is a Gulf characterized by having coasted surrounded by mangrove forests. These are forests that have a very unique characteristic because they are the greatest terrestrial carbon reservoir that is a key, then they are a key element to face climate change.
02:46
This Gulf is full of these mangrove forests because a lot of rivers discharges the waters here in the in the Gulf. And two of the most important rivers are in the west side of the Gulf, the Atratu River, which forms one of the major river deltas in Colombia.
03:05
And in this side is the Turbo River. That is close to a city, the city of Turbo, just right there. These rivers have in common that in their deltas and surrounded by mangrove forests
03:21
are located to fishing communities. Here's the community of the A river. I'm going to call it like that from now. It's this community. As you can see, they live basically in the river, in the water. Everything is water and moves over there. But somehow they have managed that
03:43
the waters usually don't get into their houses. There are just a few exceptions. While in the other side of the Gulf, in the community of the Tia River, in the east side, they have suffered a flood event in 2010, 2011, that affected many lives and a lot of people
04:04
have to leave their homes. So knowing all of this information and understanding that this is not only the context of these mangrove forests and communities in this area, but in many other places in our country, we wanted to start a project that could include mitigation of
04:25
natural disasters, protection of ecosystems like mangrove forests, and resilience of communities. We found then in these two communities a good point to start. This is how basically the Coast Map project started. So as part of the project, we want to answer these two questions.
04:48
How vulnerable are the communities to a natural disaster like floods, and how the conservation of a key ecosystem like mangrove forests will increase their resilience? Worldwide efforts are made to understand and to solve these kinds of questions.
05:04
Among the strategies to achieve this is the mapping of flood events in a region and the analysis of flood, of vulnerability and resilience of human settlements to natural disasters as a result also of some flood event in this case.
05:22
To assess vulnerability and resilience, we wanted to use this index developed by BALICA in 2009 and it's an index used by UNESCO. So we started working with the index, but we have to do a lot of modification of the index. So at the end we said, well this is kind of a new index
05:44
based on this one because we use some of their equations and definitions of concepts. Concepts like the definition of vulnerability, that is composed, there are many definitions
06:08
of vulnerability, but this one is vulnerability is composed by exposition, susceptibility and resilience. And this is an important point in our project because there are also
06:21
many definitions of resilience, but we wanted to use one that could fit in the framework of the social ecological systems because there is still the idea that here we are the human beings and on this other side are the natural ecosystems. But that's a wrong idea. We are all part of the same system. So we wanted to work
06:43
on that framework. Then our definition is resilience is the ability of socio-ecological systems to absorb recurrent disturbances such as hurricanes or floods to retain essential structures and processes. The methodology to collect the data for that index has five main steps.
07:05
One is the socialization of technical methodologies and objectives of the project with the communities. We share with them all the project. This is another important part of this project. We work alongside the community in all the processes.
07:27
Then when the community accepts to work with us, we start the phase of the remote mapping. Here we use hot tasks, then we use the OpenStreetMap platform.
07:42
In this phase we organize the field work and then here is the field work where we make some surveys, social and economic surveys. Then there is the integration. We use field
08:06
paper for instance for the field work. Then there is the integration of the information collected in the field work with all the polygons and lines drawn in OpenStreetMap.
08:22
Here we are using JOSM. And then is again the socialization of the results and the maps with the community.
08:47
Some of the results or the information that we got from the community was that basically both communities have a lot of young people, especially the community of the A river in the west side.
09:02
More than 50 percent of the population are between zero and 20 years old. That's a lot of young people, a lot of kids. Also we corroborate that the main economic activity is fishing. In blue is just fishing, in orange is fishing and other activities
09:26
like wood cutting. And also we can see that the community of the T river on the east side has more options of economic activities that make sense because they are close to a city.
09:44
Also now we know that basically they don't know what climate change is, which is bad because we are all affected by climate change, but these communities are directly affected in many ways by climate change. But it's good to know that most of the people understand
10:03
the importance of the conservation of the mangrove forest. Here I'm showing you the process of the mapping activities in the OpenStreetMap platform.
10:27
As you can see here, this community is not too big, this is just one kilometer. Here I'm showing you the entire city of Turbo. The community, we included all the city
10:40
in the mapping activity, but the community is just this part from the Turbo River to this part of this little bay here. After that was how it was the map and then how it is now.
11:02
With that map that we create or draw in OpenStreetMap, we then created this other map. You can see here in red are the houses where the water gets into and in green are the houses where the water doesn't get into. They are distributed homogeneously in the space,
11:26
so basically the houses where the water gets into are houses that are elevated less than 10 centimeters from the A River. This is for the other community in the T River.
11:46
All of these houses are less than 10 centimeters elevated from the ground. The reason why the water gets into these houses is because they are close to the Turbo River.
12:01
I'm not showing here the entire map as it's very large, but these are the houses near the river. Oh, and also we found out that the water that gets into the houses is not from the sea, it's just from the rivers because the mangrove forests work as a barrier, so it's protecting the communities from flooding from the sea.
12:28
Finally, the index. All of that information, we organized it in three components of the community. The social-economical component, the physical and the ecosystemic component.
12:42
Here's an example so you can understand. We have here, for instance, the social and economic component. It has indicators of each component, but that's a factor of vulnerability.
13:01
Exposure, susceptibility and resilience. For instance, we have population in the flood prone area. There are a lot of people exposed to floods, but if also they don't have an idea what climate change is, that is susceptibility, so you're adding more vulnerability to the exposure.
13:23
But if you have, for instance, the community have a warning system, then this is a resilience indicator, so this will reduce the vulnerability. All these indicators have different units,
13:44
so what we do is standardize between zero and one, all the values of the indicators, so we can operate with all of them. Finally, at the end, we have to calculate an index for each component of the community.
14:03
It's exposition plus susceptibility divided by resilience. Then we sum all of the vulnerability index for each component, and that's how we got the total vulnerability index of the community.
14:21
Then we divide this by three, so we can keep between zero and one number or value. These are the results of the index for these two communities. This preliminary index shows that the community of the Bay River, the west side,
14:49
has intermediate vulnerability where the social component is the one with the highest value. It shows that the older community apparently is not vulnerable.
15:05
As I said, this is still in process, this is not ready, there is still a lot of work left to do. However, these are not crazy results, and this shows interesting information.
15:20
When you compare the community of the T River with the Bay River, they are way too better. They have less kids, they have more options of economic activities, they can't leave their community if there's an emergency,
15:40
and that doesn't happen with this other community of the Bay River. They are basically isolated, the only way to get in there is using a boat. There are no highways, you cannot even get in there using a helicopter because there's no way to put it. When we showed these results to the community in the socialization phase,
16:06
the last one of the project, the community, when they saw this high red bar, they were like, what? We are in that position of vulnerability? So they immediately started a discussion of what they could do to change that.
16:26
So it was really good, that part, now what we have to do is to organize better this index. So we could show this to the government, so the idea is this could lead to decision making.
16:45
So some conclusions for this first phase of the project are, in both communities, the threat of flooding due to the increase in sea level does not configure a risk factor because the mangroves protect the population.
17:01
The vulnerability of the communities of the west side, the Bay River, to floods intermediate, and the social component is the one that needs more work. There is evidence of the importance of the link between human communities and natural ecosystems. And although the construction of the index is in process, it is a project with great potential.
17:26
For instance, like a year ago, the national government declared the Atarato River, the A river, as a river with rights, like if it is a person. So there have to be done a lot of projects that aim the protection and preservation of the river.
17:46
And also like three weeks ago, the regional government of our department signed an order for the conservation of these mangrove forests in that Gulf.
18:01
You might think, well, that wasn't existed already. Not exactly. I'm not saying that everything is bad. There are a lot of institutions and people and projects that work for the conservation and preservation of the natural ecosystems in Colombia. But there is a lot of work left to do. We still could do way better.
18:26
And I really think that this project that integrates communities and natural ecosystems could be a good way to do better. If you want to know more about the project or you want to collaborate,
18:45
you want to participate, I invite you to take a look at this story map. Here is the QR code. There is also information about our research group. Or if you rather, I have some cards there with my contact if you want to write.
19:04
There is also the QR code. I want to thank the communities for letting us work with them, for participating, for opening the doors of the community to us. I want to thank Youth Mappers and Hot Microgram for supporting the first step of this project.
19:23
And thanks to all of you for your attention, if you have any questions.