Open County Mapping for Accountability and Service Delivery
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| License | CC Attribution 3.0 Germany: You are free to use, adapt and copy, distribute and transmit the work or content in adapted or unchanged form for any legal purpose as long as the work is attributed to the author in the manner specified by the author or licensor. | |
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Open setLecture/Conference
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State of matterComputer animation
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Disk read-and-write headInformationWebsiteStudent's t-testWeb pageProfil (magazine)Structural loadComputer animation
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NumberInformationDisk read-and-write headComputer programBuildingEstimationComputer programmingDecision theoryInformationTexture mappingMultiplication signSocial classDifferent (Kate Ryan album)Computer animation
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InformationRight angleTexture mappingWeb pageProduct (business)WebsiteLaptopResultantProfil (magazine)Coma BerenicesPoint (geometry)Student's t-testSystem callComputer animationMeeting/InterviewLecture/Conference
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MappingFigurate numberSelf-organizationElectronic mailing listProjective planeTexture mappingNumberLattice (order)Online helpArithmetic progressionComa BerenicesDifferent (Kate Ryan album)BitKey (cryptography)TorusComputer animation
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AreaTexture mappingService (economics)Office suiteSimultaneous localization and mappingWater vaporSelf-organizationSatelliteMathematicsComputer programmingInformation securityProjective planeNumberDependent and independent variablesNetwork topologyMultiplication signIntegrated development environmentLecture/Conference
Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:07
Okay, thank you very much. Yeah. I come from this place in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
00:33
It's called Kibera Slum. It's one of the largest slums in Africa, and this is the place I call my home.
00:41
My name is Joshua Ogura. So in 2009, Kibera was like this, and this is a huge slum, an informal settlement. And the government didn't want to consider it a place where people should be living, because it was actually a forest, and people encroached into it.
01:10
So it showed like this in the government map in 2009, a blank spot. And this kind of triggered us, and we said, we felt so marginalized, we felt so neglected, we felt so forgotten.
01:27
And we said, how can our home, a place we live, be represented as a blank spot in the government map? We have to do something about it. So 13 youths representing 13 villages started mapping using a GPS gadget, walking from one place to the other, collecting points of
01:50
interest, mapping schools, shops, hospitals, anything they felt was of importance to them, and putting this data into the open street map.
02:02
Open street map, I believe most of you know, is like a Wikipedia map where anyone from anywhere can contribute. And it was interesting because people from the local Kibera community, youths from Kibera
02:20
Slum themselves would collect this data and upload them into the open street map. Because these are the people who live there, and they understand their areas, they understand their challenges, they know their problems, and they know the changes that takes place. And for the very first time in 2009, we produced the first digital map of Kibera that looked like this.
02:44
It had a lot to show, shops, all those data that they were collecting were on that map. It kind of became so congested for people to read and analyze and see some of these things.
03:00
Then we said, what can we do about this? We decided to break it down into different thematic areas, and we ended up having a health map, security map, education map, and water sanitation. As per what the community members prioritized, because we called a meeting to just try and find out
03:22
what were some of their interests, what are things that they would want to be mapped for them. After mapping this, we said, what next? We have mapped Kibera, produced the first digital map of Kibera, we've broken it down into different thematic areas, so what next?
03:42
We decided to bring in an idea of citizen journalism, so we started Voice of Kibera, a platform that would let people report about issues happening in their communities. It's an SMS reporting platform, on Ushaydi, crowdsourced. Those red balloons are reports coming from different regions, different parts of Kibera.
04:08
The reports are categorized into different categories. Is it health related report, is it security related, or is it education related, or security related? So that's what we did, so that people could get a platform where they could get information from and also report to the world.
04:30
And then we went ahead to introduce video platform called Kibera News Network. This again would give people opportunity to speak about issues affecting them, to speak about some of the issues highlighted by the map.
04:45
If the map shows that we in Kibera doesn't have a public hospital, for example, and we have so many private hospitals, which means they are expensive for us, and we are citizens. We pay taxes, we need government services, so people use the maps to argue
05:05
and advocate for their rights and say, look, this is what we are talking about. And we record them on these cameras, little handheld flip cameras, and we target the government or people we feel are responsible or responders or policy makers for action.
05:23
And we've been doing this a lot and training more Kibera youths to be able to report about their own communities. And we went ahead with schools and started something called Open Schools Kenya. It's our website. And this was meant to make education information easily available, accessible, and useful to everyone.
05:47
So again, we'd update the education information we had mapped before and went ahead to build this website where each and every school now has a profile page. Those green balloons, if you click one, you can be able to see how many students
06:04
are in that school, how many teachers, how much they charge, what their contact information, who is the head teacher, and all this information that people would want to know about a particular school. All the programs they do and all that.
06:22
And even we collected pictures. We took pictures of the school. So a parent, for example, can be able to tell how a school looks like, can have a rough idea, and make informed decision of where to send their children to, depending on their capabilities and also preferences.
06:40
Capabilities because they can be able to check at how much a school charge. Preferences because they can look at the pictures and decide and see. So that information is down there and they can check plus all the contact information and all that. And we did something called data interoperability.
07:00
If you check at this, you can see what the government had collected way back in 2007, like has never been updated. So you can check what we collected on OpenStreetMap and just hit compare to see what has changed since then. And then we did something interesting. We printed the maps and distributed them to each and every school we had mapped.
07:27
And for the first time, Kibera community were really happy that at least someone is giving them the product of the data that was collected from them. Kibera is one of the most researched place in the world.
07:41
People come and go. A lot of researchers come, students, and all this, but they really never get to see the result. So when we give them back the map, they say, oh, Map Kibera, this is amazing because so many people have come here to collect our data, to take our information, but we've never seen something like this. So they were very happy to receive the map and even to be able to identify themselves with it, see their schools and pinpoint them on the map.
08:08
My colleague Zach was even walking around with a laptop to try and show schools how they can be able to use their school profile pages. Some wanted to use it for fundraising purposes, some wanted to just advertise themselves,
08:23
but some were just happy to be on the map or on the website. And this is our late member of parliament, Honore Bokheno-Koth, was a big supporter of education. He passed last month of cancer, and people really were not happy because he was a big man in this education sector.
08:50
He helped a lot of people. So he used our maps a lot and even used the website to create our subgroup for schools, for teachers, so he would communicate easily with them, organize meetings, share opportunities, and all this.
09:05
And even the government officials, like this is subcounty director of education, she used our maps a lot and did photocopies to share with other people and even get to know how she can reach out to other schools. We did some offline strategy, just painting maps on the walls and trying to reach those who cannot access internet easily
09:28
at some strategic positions where people pass so they can identify themselves with it and even see what they want to see. So this is what I wanted. We have moved from Kibera and gone to other informal settlements.
09:43
This is Barringo County. So this is where we are now doing open county mapping for accountability and service delivery. So these people are residents of a very remote area in Barringo County, and they are meeting to decide what projects they want their government, regional government, to implement for them.
10:06
So we are partnering with World Bank to try and help them map their projects. We use the youth inside there to map the projects so that during these meetings they can be able to see, check them up and see what we already have before even we decide what we want next.
10:27
So we have been training county governments, officials plus the youth in there, to learn how to map using GPS, ODK and COBU, and then putting them onto the open street map.
10:43
So far we are doing Barringo County and McQuinney County, and youth are excited to learn new tools on how to map their projects that then they can be able to use during participatory budgeting. The World Bank project is called participatory budgeting, where members are empowered to decide what they want in their respective counties.
11:06
So people moving around with ODK, GPS, GPS is mainly because of the accuracy. We've been using it a lot, but now we are kind of moving to ODK and COBU because the accuracy of some funds have really improved.
11:23
And then they edit them onto the open street map, then later produce a map, a large map that people can sit around and see what projects they have, and they can say, oh now we have a hospital, now we have a school, we need a market for example. And this is, we have also built this website for them. So these are two different words in that McQuinney County, and someone can be
11:51
able to click a project for example, and see even the picture, and see the budget, how much was spent on it, and see the status.
12:00
You know, is it complete, is it in progress, or is it not yet started or stalled? And they are categorized into different departments. We have transport projects, we have evolution, we have agriculture, we have health, and you can uncheck any of those.
12:21
If you just want to see the health-related projects, you can uncheck the rest and just remain with the health-related. If you want to see education, you can uncheck all those and just remain with the education alone and see what the counties are doing with their different projects.
12:40
So that was McQuinney, and this is Barringo, the same, we are mapping them, and we are moving to other counties. And then we later produce a map like this. It's not so clear, but we produce a large map and then a list of projects that people can then check during these participatory budgeting meetings and decide what next they need for their respective counties.
13:06
This is just one of the teams we trained in Barringo County, and we are still moving. We have 47 counties in Kenya, we have just done two, and we are slowly moving to the others.
13:20
So yeah, thank you very much, and yeah, thank you. Questions are welcome. Yes. That's a very interesting question because no
13:43
one knows, no one actually knows the population of Kibera. So a lot of people have been coming up with their numbers. The government says it's from the census they did way back. It said we are 190,000. But different organizations have also come
14:05
up with their figures, some as high as 2 million. But if you ask me, I would say we are around 500,000. Yeah, so people say different figures depending on their interest. Government would want Kibera's population to be smaller,
14:26
so that because it's opposition stronghold, and so they don't want it to appear that, oh, we have so many people in Kibera that can vote against us, so they want the figure to be low. Some NGOs want it to be high so that they get bigger funding. To say that we are dealing with a large number of people, so it depends on who you ask.
14:48
Yeah, so we have been trying to track that. Many NGOs, many organizations, and even the government officials come for our
15:06
maps. It's hard to track like the Kibera community members, for example, because you don't know how they use them back home. Some would just hang them on the wall, but some would really use it constructively. But for the
15:25
organizations and the government officials, we've been trying to track going into their offices and asking them how has this map been useful to you, how have you used it for water resource and stuff like this. Is it bringing any impact? For example, our security map, the government took it, and it was showing the safe and
15:47
unsafe places, places that were dangerous, places that would get marked at night, and then they responded by bringing security lights. Now you would find a very big security light or even a police post in those areas we marked as insecure. So
16:07
that has been a big change for us, and we are happy that at least the government responded to do something about it. Yes, you had a question?
16:40
Yes, so we may not have the exact number of how many houses. It's an informal settlement, and therefore it's very crowded and not very organized.
16:51
I know we've been mapping satellite imagery of those houses, doing remote mapping, just trying to draw where the houses are and how they are all lined up together and scattered anyhow in a very disorganized manner.
17:08
The government is trying to do something about it, because being an informal settlement, they've been trying to ignore it and just don't want to talk about it, but after mapping it and showing that this is what
17:22
we have, this is where people live, and there are a lot of things going on and these are citizens, I think the government is now trying to accommodate it by even coming up with projects like SLAM Upgrading, because even at first the government didn't want to bring services like electricity,
17:40
water and stuff, but after mapping it and highlighting it and having people speak about it every time, it's always in the news and Kibera is doing this and that, so now they are finding a need to recognize it and they are trying to bring SLAM Upgrading program that will now upgrade it into a better living environment, so again we are happy with that.
18:12
Do we have another question? Okay, if not, thank you.