FOSS tools form modelling natural hazards
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Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:07
So, welcome to this presentation, I'm Silvia Franceschi and the presentation will be about some phosphorgy tools for modeling natural hazards in the orthomachine library.
00:24
So let me first introduce myself. I am a co-founder of Hydrologist which is a very small Italian engineering company. I'm also known as GeoCharter member and usually develop, I'm an environmental engineer and
00:44
specialized in hydrology, hydraulic and forestry and I have a PhD in environmental and agriculture. What I do is usually to develop and study environmental models in the fields of hydrology,
01:02
hydraulic and forestry in the orthomachine library. So, what is this orthomachine library? The orthomachine library is an open source geospatial library that is focused on geomorphological
01:22
analysis and environmental modeling. Its development started in 2002 at the University of Trento in the northern Italy, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineer and these are the main steps of the development and it has been supported over the years by the University of Trento and Bolzano by two different
01:48
teams and now it is completely maintained by us in hydrology. Two important steps of the development of the orthomachine library were that in 2015
02:05
we integrated this library as a special toolbox in GVCIG available to the update manager and in 2018 we decided also to do a standalone version of the suite of the orthomachine,
02:25
so not only the applications, not only the environmental models but a set of applications to work with GIS data and to work in environmental modeling and in particular the the processes that we can study inside the orthomachine with the tools integrated in
02:47
the orthomachines are the extreme floods, debris flow, large wood floods, shallow landslides and then vegetation and forest analysis and meteorological data interpolation. But inside the orthomachine we have also other tools not only for environmental
03:07
processes but also to study urban network for designing and verification of aqueduct and wastewater systems and tools for digital field mapping and then tools for handling GIS data
03:27
in special databases as rasters and then we also developed a full scripting environment console. So the orthomachine now it's available online it has been released as a standalone
03:48
set of applications and the main applications inside the orthomachine are different and cover different kind of activities and in particular for example there is a possibility to
04:02
interact with the database we adjust spatial database in SQLite H2 and PostGIS then there are tools connected to our application for digital field mapping like this one the possibility to visualize directly a GeoPaparazzi project and another tool is the
04:28
Geoscript console where you can use the orthomachine commands and the Geoscript commands. The G form again is to interact with the GeoPaparazzi and create the forms for acquiring
04:43
the data in the field there is a tool for doing a map calculation on raster data to visualize quickly visualize a set of GIS data in a folder and to create an SLD
05:01
stylish to style both vectors and raster data and the last tool is the tool to download a TIF to create a TIF and save a TIF on your PC from a WMS service which is very useful if you work in the field or with environmental data
05:29
and finally there is the special toolbox the special toolbox is the core of the auto machine library and the auto machine application and it contains all the main
05:42
algorithms for the elaboration of both of GIS data for environmental analysis as you can see the toolbox is very easy and there is a list of the modules on the left then if you select
06:03
a module from the list you can see the module parameters and all the attributes you have to fill to run the module it's very easy so it doesn't need any special settings but there is the
06:20
possibility to set if you want to see experimental modules or not if you want to run it in a debug mode and the most important one is the allow process memory so how many memory you leave to the processes and so how it how much data can can be elaborated then there are some running
06:49
options it is possible to run the module as prepared or run an external script or save it as an as an external script to run it in the javascript control console or in other
07:04
environments regarding the modules the models integrated they are grouped in different categories the first one is really the core the auto machine core which contains the geomorphology analysis then there are some tools for raster and vector processing mobile tools for supporting
07:27
the job apparatus digital application digital map field mapping application and finally the last section which contains tools for elaborating high resolution LiDAR data in the field of forestry
07:49
so let's see some applications some tools that can be applied for natural hazard the first one is a possibility inside the auto machine to evaluate maximum discharges so the maximum
08:07
discharges can be evaluated given a real past event so a step-by-step file with the precipitation or considering extreme events evaluated using the statistical analysis of
08:22
historical series of precipitation the so-called rainfall intensity duration curves this kind of application is what it is suggested by the au flood directive so you can use this application also to follow to elaborate maximum discharges discharges following the au flooding
08:46
director so to evaluate the maximum discharge it is necessary to before to start with some geomorphology tools to extract topographic parameters from the dtm and in particular
09:06
for the flow direction the network and other geomorphological parameters all these parameters can be used also in other hydrogen morphology tools to evaluate some hydraulic and hydrologic
09:22
parameters and index indexes like the gradient of the hill slopes the topographic index and other parameters and the distance to outlet then we will need the statistic or either the
09:42
step-by-step precipitation or the statistical analysis of precipitation and in particular we need the coefficient a and then of the rainfall intensity duration curve this can be evaluated if you have all the statistical data of precipitation in a script in the javascript
10:05
console and then there is the real hydrological model which is called peak flow peak flow is a distributed hydrological model based on the theory of geographic instantaneous
10:23
unit hydrograph and the width function and it calculate the maximum discharge based on the geographic instantaneous unit hydrograph and the this guh is calculated using the width function which is based on the scale distance to the outlet this precipitation are considered
10:45
constant maximized but constant and the model consider two types of flow the superficial flow where the sites are situated saturated and such superficial fluxes where we do not have
11:03
saturation in unsaturated areas this is an example of application we consider the geology and then all the hydrological indexes and the variables that we calculated using the horton machine to evaluate the maximum discharge for different return times in this case
11:26
50 100 and 200 years so since we live and work in the mountains we have also to face the problem of debris flow and in this case we develop some tool to evaluate the
11:45
possibility of debris flow to start along the stream river network or to and then propagate along the stream river or to be triggered on the hill slopes and propagate along the river
12:01
and then also a tool to evaluate the the area that is covered by the material on the alluvial alluvial fan so the first the first part is to identify the triggers
12:21
along the network so where in inside the the network it is possible that a debris flow will start and this has been will be made by using the Zimmerman equation which is which is based on the total contributing area
12:41
and the local slope then we want to evaluate the possibility for a debris flow to start on the hill slopes and first of all we have to evaluate the stability of the hill slopes the stability of the hill slopes can be evaluated using the algorithms Charles tab
13:05
which is a based on the theory of Montgomery and Dietrich uses an infinite slopes is a slope model and a simple hydrographic hydrological model and the result is a map of in stable
13:26
areas and a map with the different precipitation that gives the stability of the of the cell this is for example an example of the graphical interface and the two resulting maps
13:44
of the stability for the given precipitation and the threshold stability to have the threshold precipitation to have the stability in that cell
14:01
once you have the pixel that are stable or unstable on the hill slopes we need to evaluate if these areas can be can reach the rivers and then be propagated downstream in the river so we integrated a module that evaluates the possibility for triggers on the hill slopes to
14:24
reach the network and go downstream so it considers only unstable pixels in an area around the network which depends on your local condition usually it's
14:41
25 50 meters it depends on field data and then in the path from the the starting point from the trigger to the network there is a possibility for the for for the material to to go on and reach the network to halt over the run-out
15:05
distance but accumulating the material down scene or either to run out over the run-out distance but not accumulating all these different options are based on local slope
15:24
this is for example an example of the application of merging the unstable area with the pixel that that can reach the network and then again we can apply this tool to
15:45
understand if it is possible for the for each triggers reaching the network to go downstream in the network and all this information are based also again on local slopes and in this case
16:01
again we have the three conditions unconditional clean movement and then stopping or accumulating the soil this is an example of the application of an entire valley in Trentino so and then there is also a model to
16:27
evaluate once the material reaches the lubiar fan how it will be spread on the lubiar fan so to definitely make the boundaries of the hazard map and this considers as input the volume of the
16:44
debris flow the mobility coefficient the starting point the digit and the digital terrain model and this model is not a 3d model is only a dermatological model this is an application of this model and this is another use case we applied this tool some years ago on
17:10
a valley in Trentino and we found some results and last year during the the autumn
17:20
we had a big event in the north in Italy so we had we had problem of debris flow as in this case and this was the map that that we created using our tools and this is the
17:42
simulation of the event so as you see the the simulation even if it is only geomorphological considers all the area covers all the area that will be covered by the real debris flow the last thing i want to show you is we have also model for the evaluation
18:07
of large wood floods and we consider two types of processes the large wood recruitment from the bank erosion and then also from the hill slopes and these are a set of tools
18:24
it is a complete procedure split by sub models so they are very easy tools and we evaluate the bank erosions and the hill slopes input and then based on these on different kind of model we extract for the hill slope the vegetation present in the
18:47
unstable area and the area that are connected to the river and so can contribute to the wood in the river this is an example of and the trees that are that that are in unstable
19:03
and connected areas and this is an example of the sum of the contributes in each section of the hill slopes and bank erosion the trees from isopendent and bank erosion and now and finally we do the propagation downstream with a very easy simple boolean
19:26
transport condition based on the ratio between the length of the log and the width the width and the width of the section and also the depth of the the water and the depth of the water is calculated using an hydraulic model integrated in this and finally we can find
19:46
the clogging section the section where the the logs will be blocked and also the volumes of the logs in each section so this is all and thank you for your attention
20:22
one more question if someone want to add the new modules which language should be used and how to do we have all the um the code in github so every contributor is very welcome and we use java
20:45
so if you want to develop if you have some models in java we are very pleased to have to have your contribute and it is also possible to contribute to some model using the scripting
21:02
if they are very easy models and so you can really decide i'm not the real the the developer of the base of the core of the auto machine that it is andrea and maybe he wants to add something just one thing we have some of you so if you have a c written library that then just
21:30
needs a simple user interface and attaches to the c library we can help you out with that and we will have the but you need to have the idea of what the inputs and outputs are but
21:44
then it's very easy to attach also the c library otherwise it would be best thank you thank you i just have a scenario i want to to mention it and i want to see if the tool can help
22:04
uh to achieve uh let's say uh i want to create a flood hazard map of a certain area and i only have a digital efficient model or maybe i have lots of data then i just want to input it to to the library and get a flood the other map was a
22:24
an output can okay to do an hydrological analysis you need the digital terrain model and that's fine you have that but you also need the uh rainfall the precipitation the hydrological
22:42
models so you need to have an idea of the precipitation of or if you have if you have to measure a precipitation and try to measure also the discharge and understand calibrate the model using your own data and then the geology is important and you don't
23:06
you don't have to have only the dtm the local dtm where where you want to evaluate the where there is the outlet but you need the dtm of the whole basin so i don't know
23:20
if you have a basin which is some square kilometer you need the whole dtm you're welcome just to add it we also use the this tool to evaluate maximum discharges all over the world
23:42
for example in tibet and we didn't have so many data we use the digital terrain model with open data and also open hydrological uh hydrological data of precipitations and
24:00
it works well they were very happy to do that okay