Free/open source software and drones
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| Number of Parts | 611 | |
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| License | CC Attribution 2.0 Belgium: You are free to use, adapt and copy, distribute and transmit the work or content in adapted or unchanged form for any legal purpose as long as the work is attributed to the author in the manner specified by the author or licensor. | |
| Identifiers | 10.5446/42030 (DOI) | |
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| Production Year | 2017 |
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FOSDEM 201711 / 611
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00:00
SoftwareOpen sourceInformation privacyInformation securityPhysical lawEmailInclusion mapDrum memoryExecution unitWechselseitige InformationVarianceIRIS-THost Identity ProtocolPlane (geometry)Computer iconIntegrated development environmentOperations researchMultiplication signFreewareCore dumpGeometryInfinitySineAnnulus (mathematics)Core dumpLimit (category theory)Information privacyDifferent (Kate Ryan album)SoftwareMedical imagingProjective planeComputing platformAutonomic computingOperator (mathematics)Artificial neural networkInteractive televisionVideoconferencingCodeMathematicsOrder (biology)Statement (computer science)Integrated development environmentClosed setOpen sourceEasyJetMoment (mathematics)Goodness of fitMachine learningGroup actionLibrary (computing)Presentation of a groupPlanningData managementSoftware testingStreaming mediaMereologyCollaborationismComputer animationSource code
09:10
Annulus (mathematics)TelecommunicationInformationComputer iconProcess (computing)Ordinary differential equationSystem identificationSystem programmingDefault (computer science)Information privacyGame controllerCoprocessorPhysical systemEinbettung <Mathematik>Execution unitScale (map)Operator (mathematics)Multiplication signLimit (category theory)Moment (mathematics)Regulator geneGoodness of fit1 (number)Physical systemInformation privacyDefault (computer science)Forcing (mathematics)PlanningOperator (mathematics)Rule of inferenceComputer iconPrototypeCategory of beingComputing platformSoftwareIntegrated development environmentRow (database)Point (geometry)System identificationDifferent (Kate Ryan album)CodePatch (Unix)Public key certificateCASE <Informatik>Flow separationLink (knot theory)FreewareProjective planeRight angleLevel (video gaming)Open setOpen sourceVirtual machineDirection (geometry)Image registrationSlide ruleContext awarenessWater vaporMusical ensembleCollisionGame controllerBitWritingCodeProgram flowchart
18:14
Abelian categoryOperations researchOpen setData modelRule of inferenceOrdinary differential equationExecution unitMaxima and minimaMaximum likelihoodAverageRule of inferencePoint (geometry)Insertion lossDifferent (Kate Ryan album)Regulator geneDistanceMultiplication signOperator (mathematics)Universe (mathematics)Area1 (number)Information privacyLimit (category theory)Similarity (geometry)VideoconferencingSoftwarePhysical systemGame controllerProduct (business)Open sourceInformation securityInstance (computer science)CodeEndliche ModelltheorieDegree (graph theory)Process (computing)Context awarenessRight angleStandard deviationFreewareIntegrated development environmentCASE <Informatik>Category of beingComputer programState of matterPublic key certificateSlide ruleCivil engineeringVisualization (computer graphics)Physical lawImmersion (album)Goodness of fitComputer animation
27:19
Gamma functionComputer animation
Transcript: English(auto-generated)
02:32
Test. Test. Test. Who's the room manager here?
02:41
OK. Could you interrupt his lecture and make him put on the mic because that's not being streamed. Got it. Yeah, that's fine. Do you want me to do it or do you want to do it? OK, let's do both. OK, fine. Let's do it. So he needs to repeat the questions of the audience because nobody can hear it as well.
03:06
Of course, no problems. Wow, there's a mic. Sorry. Put it here. OK.
03:21
Yeah, it's not projecting. OK. I still have to keep on shouting. Precision farming, which is a very important use. You can use sensors. You can use not only, of course, images, but you can use many sensors,
03:40
many kinds of different sensors in order to have a really good outcome in precision farming. And then, of course, fantasy limit you can use for try and find poachers as they do in Africa. Or you can use drones for checking damages in planes as they do it, as EasyJet is doing.
04:08
And then you can do many, many things. Last January, last month, Qualcomm started a presentation with autonomous drones,
04:21
which interact with the environment and they are able to move in any environment, even in a closed environment without GPS, of course, using machine learning and artificial intelligence. So you can have different, I mean, fantasy is your limit. Technically, you can do almost everything.
04:43
And drones are very useful for dirty, dull, and dangerous operations, where no human can be involved and they can do it without any problem. But there are some drone risks. I won't go very long into them. But, of course, peeping drones, this is just one example.
05:03
Drones are a fantastic tool for invading people's privacy. We have to keep in mind and we will think about it later. And then there is another risk. I won't show you the video, but you can search it online. This is a fantastic video of a couple who decided to have his best moments filmed on drones.
05:24
And the drone just crashes into the bride, into the groom. So you can have a look at it. But it's just a risk. But what about drones and phones? Why should we have to talk about it? We should have to talk about it because free and open source software is really become, it is the core of drones.
05:45
We have the drone code, the open source platform, which is the drone code project. It's an open source and collaborative project, which has been founded in 2014. And it has many members. Now it has one less member we will talk about in a while.
06:06
But it is still very important and backed by the Linux Foundation. And the autopilot, the PX4 Pro, it's an independent open software. An open source software is licensed on a BSD license, but one library as far as I remember.
06:29
But there are already some problems with every community has its thorns. And also the drone code community has its problem.
06:40
And a couple of months ago there has been a problem. And autopilot, I guess many of you know about autopilot, decided to leave drone code because of a change of policy.
07:06
So they say with regard to licensing. Autopilot is a GPLv3 project and wanted to stay like that. While on the other hand, it seems that the general, so it is to be understood by what the press statements say,
07:27
that the other project wanted to focus on a different license or a more permissive change of microphone. Yes.
07:45
Just turn it on afterwards. Wait.
08:00
I'm not sure. I'll just check on the camera.
08:27
So, sorry. Yeah. And I wanted to keep the license while the rest of the drone code allegedly has decided to keep different licenses, more permissive license.
08:50
And of course there are different opinion and I'm not part of any opinion of those communities. So just go and take a look for yourself.
09:03
I have just one comment. If you read the bylaws of drone code, even the first aim is clear that it is aimed at traditional platform. So more or less it was to be a project based on new links.
09:32
One of them, there are lots of free open source platform which allow you to use and build and fly drones.
09:45
But this is the main point. What about data protection? We have another talk about data protection and the general data protection regulation. So I just put the main problem and I will leave it to the other speaker to deal on.
10:03
Can you use this one too because this one is for the record. I'm sorry. Third mic. Yeah. For the moment it's going to be like that. Sorry. Do we have any more mics? Come on. Come on. I want to be recorded. Talking about data protection I want to be recorded just in full.
10:24
Okay. What about data protection? If you want to have a good idea about data protection drones, start with opinion 125 of the article 29 working party. This was before the data protection regulation but it is still very interesting document.
10:42
It is, strangely enough, a short one that makes you understand the whole problem. But let's deal with the EU regulation. Just a couple of remarks. The EU regulation has already been published but it will enter into force next year in May.
11:02
So just if you are doing a business plan on drones you have to take into consideration of course. And what are the main points? One point is very important when it comes to drones. It's transparency. You have to make the persons aware that you're using a drone nearby.
11:21
You have to make aware of that. And you have to make people aware also in a machine readable way. So you have to think how to implement it. And then you have to use icons. This is one of the icons I found to let people know that you're maybe filming with a drone around.
11:42
Maybe this won't be the icon that will be implemented for telling people that a drone is flying nearby. But let's become a little more serious and consider some key concepts of the EU regulation. Which are very important for developing every kind of aspect with regard to drones.
12:05
Data protection by design and data protection by default. You have to implement the data protection policies from start. When you start writing code for drones you have to think about it. You have to think about data protection by design.
12:20
You have to embed, I will put it in the next slide. You have to embed the data protection principle in the code. Because it cannot be an afterthought. You cannot write codes, free and open source code for the use of drones.
12:40
Even if it's an autopilot without having privacy in mind. You cannot patch it later. You have to think it when you start developing. Because you have to abide to data protection by design and data protection by default. By default this means that the system has to minimize the data they gather.
13:00
It may seem strange because drones do normally the opposite. They are a fantastic platform for gathering data. Which is all perfectly fine if there are no personal data. But if there are personal data you have to comply with the principle.
13:22
It has been said before we love compliance. We have to be compliant with privacy. And then of course it is the privacy impact assessment. Of course it may be the data control. There is a certification system embedded into the regulation.
13:56
Which certifies many times the data protection by default.
14:08
Which one do you want? The one on the right.
14:22
You are welcome. Good. I felt better with you. Okay. We have as I told you before when we think about coding with regard to personal data.
14:54
For the whole of any kind of software which may interact in the drone environment.
15:03
It is absolutely paramount. Because as I said you cannot do it later. What about aviation safety regulations? Many countries do have their own regulations. But looking at the future. And again the near future.
15:22
In 2020 we have the prototype regulation on unmanned aircraft operation. It will be all the same. All over the European Union. Or what's left of the European Union. We don't know. But anyways it will be a binding rule all over the EU.
15:42
So effectively creating a common market for drones. So it's very important. And it's kind of different especially with regard to the rules which are already in place. In Italy we've been among the first ones to regulate drones.
16:01
Maybe in the wrong way but we were among the first ones. I won't go into details with the rules. But I want just to state some points. Because they may be of interest. Of course for people who will develop the software which allows to run those drones.
16:24
One of the most important category is the open category zero. Which is almost completely free. Small drones which are deemed to be of negligible risk. They have some limits. I won't go into all the limits. You can read it.
16:40
But they don't need with pilot license. They don't need pilot registration. They have of course some limits. They have to be marked as toys. They have to be compliant with the regulation. No directive sorry 48, 2009. And they have to bear the CE mark.
17:01
But apart from that they are substantially free. The open category one has a bigger injuries level. But still this injury level means they don't make any risk of severe personal injuries to people.
17:24
Or with regard to collision with planes. And in this case still there is no pilot license. It is kind of different as it is now. So many you can fly many drones without pilot's license. Provided the operators are registered.
17:43
The two bigger categories have another requirement which is very interesting. And of course it has to be implemented via software. They have geofencing and electronic identification. So you have to implement geofencing.
18:02
It's very simple but of course it has to be effective. And so you have to think about it from the start. For the two main open category two and open category three of drones. So the new regulation will hopefully open up the markets.
18:24
But there are several limits. There are no autonomous drones. Or it doesn't seem there are autonomous drones. The limit of heights and distance, vlos means visual line of sight. Now you can fly your drones regardless of where you are.
18:42
But the regulation will still have the limit of the visual line of sight. So there may be some problems. What about building your own drone? Sub category zero, which is the first one, very small one. Very small ones can be privately built.
19:01
But they have to comply, to comply with a regulation. And in every other category, the performer, the operation can be performed with a UAS. So with a drone, that's what is simply, which is placed in the market. That has not been modified in a way that breaches compliance with the product requirements.
19:24
So this is, of course, as we said twice, we like compliance. But you have to bear in mind this. That, of course, it's not a problem. There's no problem of writing an open source, free and open source system.
19:43
Which is, for instance, an autopilot for drones. We have a keynote of using free and open source software on air traffic control. Which has, of course, even a bigger degree of security issues.
20:00
So I'm positive we can write good and certifiable code also for drones. One key point, and I don't know if they're going to change, is that the regulation should apply to model aircraft as well. Not only to commercial drones, but also to model aircraft.
20:21
So even if we are developing something which is going to be applied for model aircraft, we have to take into consideration this future regulation. Still, the very next future. In conclusion, we really need to fully apply data protection rules
20:41
and also security rules to drone. That's the reason why with the University of Calgary and some other universities, we are thinking to apply to the COSME program, which is a program which has the aim to raise awareness for civil drones operators
21:01
and privacy on data protection obligations. This is very important. If you want to try and participate to this standard with us, just drop me a note. And I think that it is very important to raise awareness. And we can also raise awareness on how much free and open source software
21:24
can contribute in the transparency of the process of using drones and also in raising the security of using drones. So this could be a good opportunity. And the deadline, I think, is the first days of April,
21:42
so we have still time to organize. If we don't abide, then, okay, we can have some not nice outcome. I don't know if you have seen this video of a chimp who wants to defend his privacy
22:01
against a drone, but even humans have to defend themselves. Or, on the other hand, it may happen like that, a widespread ban in many areas because there is no compliance with privacy and security rules.
22:20
And this is not, of course, the outcome we are searching for. So we have really to evaluate our freedom. We can implement, for sure, these rules with free and open source software and we have to do it. So thank you very much for your patience.
22:40
Thank you very much for hearing me with different microphones and I'm open to questions if I have time. I don't know. There's about five minutes. Okay, good. Questions? Yes.
23:05
What are the penalties if you don't follow the requirements that you mentioned from the EU? Okay. There are in the EU regulations, it is just stated that the penalties have to be,
23:20
are they quite proportionate and dissuasive? It will be to the member states to decide which are the penalties. I can tell you about Italy, but it's a widespread problem because normally when you use, if you fly a commercial drone, rules for airplane supply, penalties tend to be awfully hefty.
23:45
For instance, under Italian law, if you fly a drone without insurance or even without holding, without the pilot and operator holding the certificate, for not holding the certificate, you may risk a fine of 30,000 euros
24:00
for not having your drone insured 100,000 euros, which is negligible if you are an aircraft carrier. If you're a drone, a commercial drone pilot, well, it's not negligible. So it will depend. Yes. Wow.
24:33
So one of your slides said that drones can be modified, but make sure that it has not changed the compliance, the regulation, or it was the slide.
24:49
So the idea is that after each modification it has to be recertified. Well, if you go through the regulation,
25:05
it says that the producer has to assess that also in case of software updates, it will still be compliant.
25:24
Of course, changing in the way we think, when we think about free software, is way different, but it's a problem that arises in every kind of environment where you have to use certified products. As I said, there will be a talk on, so if they can use it for air traffic control,
25:49
I'm positive they can use it also for drones. Of course, it's a problem of making people understand that, of course, you can have your freedom.
26:02
Of course, if it's, for instance, released under GPLv3, you cannot stop it from modifying it, but you have to, maybe by assigning the first code, you have to just make persons understand that you sell that product,
26:24
and if you change it, you are allowed to change it, but you may lose the certification. Thank you. Is there a legal agreement between EU countries and non-EU countries?
26:41
For example, EU countries and Switzerland, is there any kind of agreement? No, but I talked about drones in Switzerland in September. Swiss rules are quite similar to the EU ones. There is not much difference, and this regulation has some similarities also with other regulations,
27:03
like the FAA regulation in the States, but there is no international agreement. That's all the time we have for questions. Thank you very much. Thank you.