Use of QSWAT to estimate flows in ungauged rivers - a case study in northwestern Spain
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Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:05
Okay, hello. My name is Antonio. I present a specific use case for CUSWAT to estimate flows in the river basins. The problem is when you have a small catchment that it's
00:32
no data flow because for the models you need to calibrate with direct data flow and it's
00:43
normal in Europe to have this date only for the main channel, not for the tributaries. If you have a very small basin, it's impossible to have. The traditional solution is, as
01:02
you see in the picture, it's to send a person to take the dates with a flow meter, but it is extensive in time and in the morning. You need a very long time series of flow
01:24
to have a very good calibrate model. Usually, it's possible with a traditional model to have six months of time series, but only one or two flow dates per week. The solution
01:52
for estimate flows is a rifle run-off model like CUSWAT tool, as Saul presented in the
02:01
first part of this time. The study area where we work is the biggest catchment in North Spain, Nalon River. It's in Asturias. Approximately, it's in the middle of the
02:24
region. But in this area, we only are interested in the blue circle. This is a small catchment model who has the biggest mercury mining in the North of Spain. First mercury mine
02:45
is Almaden. It's the biggest. The second mine is in Slovakia. And this small mine, during 10 years, was the second product of mercury in the world. It's a big problem
03:04
because you see this is the Nalon River catchment. And this yellow basin is the mine affected area. It is less than 0.8 kilometers square. And this is the old mine. There
03:27
are a lot of slag dams, metallurgical waste. Asturias is a very humid region. It's raining about more than 200 days per year. And we have a problem with this orphan mercury
03:46
mines. We have silica neutral waters with high content in arsenic. You can see here the points that we are monitoring for this work. And for surface water, the level
04:12
for the arsenic is 25 ppbs. And here in this mine, in the output of the small catchment,
04:25
we have 33,000 ppbs. The big catchment for this area, it's Caudal River. In the output of the river, we have usually 95 ppbs. This is a problem because this is a great
04:51
area for the river authority. Our problem is that this small river is unguaged. We
05:03
don't have a flow for this. And we use cu-suite and cu-his and cu-suite to estimate the flows. And then coupled with a load estimator, this is a model for metals transport
05:23
development from the United States Geological Service. The idea is to re-regionalize the parameters for the calibration with a catchment that we have data flow for calibrate. We
05:46
use the entire catchment because we have different flow stations. And it's better to calibrate and say to SOTCAP, the software that you use for calibrate, that say to
06:06
us only one parameter for all the charrios. For developing the first model, we need a digital elevation model to generate slopes. We use a harmonized world database for the
06:30
soils and corinne for the land use. For the meteorological data, we use Spain zero two. It's a grid with rainfall and temperature. And we obtain an uncalibrated model that
06:47
we use as input in SOTCAP. First of all, we are test what is the most important parameters for the calibration. I don't know if you see correctly, but there are one of
07:09
them, the biggest red bar. It's a curved number. Sorry, my spanglish. With these four parameters, the last in the bottom, the fourth, is the most sensitive parameters
07:28
for the model. When we calibrate the model, you obtain a very good NAS suit life efficiency. It's about 0.63. You validate the model. You can see here the uncalibrated calibrate
07:51
first pass of the calibrated model and the second is in the top. In the bottom, you can see in the outside of the river cuttings, the arsenic lower transport model for the
08:15
outside. And this is the results when you use these parameters of the big cuttings
08:26
we have calibrated. We put in the small cuttings and this is the results. What's the problem? This is a good option for estimating flows in this type of catchment.
08:51
We are not sure, depending on the similarities between the basins. If you have the same type of soils or similarity, you have the same land cover use, you have probably a
09:09
good result of the flow. Depending on the objective of your model, it's flow or sediment transport. For sediment transport, it's not a good option. Probably I don't know what
09:26
is better, but for flow, it's a very good option. But very important is to remember that it is an uncalibrated model. This is an estimate, but you don't know what is the uncertainty that you have. And this is very difficult to present the results
09:48
as correct. Especially in this case, that there is a social problem with this mine, because the people who live around have...
10:12
I go to the European Union to expose his case, but where is the real risk of this
10:26
polluted flow in the catchment? This is that we are trying to respond with this project. I prefer that you ask me something, because it's too fast. Thank you for your
10:45
attention, if you have questions. Any questions for our presenter?
11:00
Okay. Are you planning to implement the water quality model of the... Okay, this is a good question. I asked to Sribasan, with Professor Sribasan, in Murcia, last year, in the workshop. And for the quality model of Cusuad, for metals,
11:24
there is a problem. It's not good, actually. They are working in this. This is the question that we use a lot estimator. It's better, it's in common line, but I hope
11:46
that they use a better model for the water quality in Cusuad, to use only one problem, because when we use Cusuad for flow, and then we use a lot estimator, we translate the uncertainties to one, to other, and the final result is very
12:08
poor. Especially in this case that we don't have flow date for calibrated model. Thank you.