State of QGIS 3D
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Information technology consultingComputer animationJSONXMLUML
Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:07
Okay, hi everyone, so my name is Martin Dubias and I'm one of the QGIS core developers and I would like to tell you a bit about where we are right now with QGIS 3D.
00:26
So, just to really quickly look back to the history, before we had native support in QGIS for 3D views, there used to be support for 3D in Grass GIS, that one is called Envis,
00:47
I don't know if any one of you has tried it. It's kind of worked, but it was slightly more difficult to use. Apart from that, there is GvSig software, which is well known, especially here in Spain, I would say.
01:07
And that one also included 3D view, which was actually integrated worldwide library from NASA originally. And on the QGIS front, there used to be and there still is a plug-in for export of data
01:27
into HTML page to use in a web browser called QGIS 3JS. But that was really just to take the data, export them and use them somewhere else.
01:42
At some point, we got also the globe plug-in, I think from Mathias Kuhn, which again integrated some other library that had 3D capabilities, so that's the image in the corner here.
02:06
It's quite nice, the problem is that it doesn't integrate that well with the rest of QGIS and we wanted to have something really native. So, in 2017, I submitted a grant proposal to qgis.org, which was accepted, fortunately.
02:31
And so in February 2018, together with QGIS 3.0 release, there was also initial release
02:40
of QGIS 3D support. Afterwards, we also ran in our company crowdfunding, which was fortunately also successful, thanks to many donors. And we have promised quite a lot of features, so we have been continually adding those
03:07
and there are still a few more to come. Let's have a very quick look on how to use QGIS 3D. I have everything just here on one slide.
03:23
Here in the top right corner, how to open a 3D view. There is a menu in View, New 3D Map View. When you click that, you would get a new window that you can keep floating somewhere
03:41
around or you can dock it into the QGIS interface like other widgets like this. And this one will start to show the 3D version of your 2D map. By default, it would be just ordinary plain 2D map.
04:00
But in order to get some nice output like this with some 3D buildings, you can use the layer styling panel and you are probably already using it to style your 2D maps. So there is another tab for styling of objects in 3D where you can set up everything
04:29
like the color of the materials and all the other things. So that's the basic usage of QGIS 3D.
04:40
Before I go further into what we have been adding, what kind of features, let's briefly talk about the data for 3D. Because sometimes people ask, I want to have a 3D map and they show me their data and there is nothing 3D in it.
05:00
So, let me try to explain what you need to have for a nice 3D map. So, unless you live in a place which is completely flat, you need some terrain model. So, this is usually like the data box.
05:25
You need a model of elevation. Fortunately, there are various sites where you can download freely the data. Usually, it's like a raster where every single pixel is elevation about the sea level.
05:46
So, this is something that QGIS 3D can use and generate a mesh like this. And on top of this geometry in 3D we put a texture and the texture is like how the 2D map looks like.
06:05
And in this way you get a 3D map. Then, on top of this map you can place some vector data. So, normally if you don't enable 3D rendering for your vector data
06:24
all the data will be just put directly on that array. So, they will not be looking like they are 3D. When you enable 3D render, as I've shown in the layer styling panel
06:41
you can use points, line strings, you can use polygons. Especially for polygons, most often people just have some, let's say, polygons of buildings in their footprint and they don't really hate information about how tall the buildings are.
07:06
What they can do is just to pretend that all the buildings are, let's say, 20 meters tall or so and QGIS 3D can do the extrusion for them. A slightly nicer approach is if you have a layer with footprints
07:25
and for every feature or every building you also have the elevation sorry, the building height or number of levels in the building and that way you can get something that resembles a bit more a building.
07:40
Or then, even better, models are, if you have, let's say, data from a city or so where they also properly model the shapes of the roofs and all that stuff then that's even better.
08:00
Those are like the polyhedral surfaces or already triangulated data. One nice source of data is the city.gml format or an update of it called city.json
08:25
that one can represent the geometry of your cities and also semantics so that means you know which part of the data are walls which part are roofs and so on or also you can understand where are roads and style all these pieces of data separately.
08:47
The good news is that newer versions of QGIS thanks to OGR library can work with this format natively so if there are some cities providing this data in this format
09:03
you can use those already. Something that works right now is automatic download of elevation data so until now you had to download and prepare the elevation data yourself
09:21
probably in the next version we will be able to automatically download those from internet and provide the terrain for you without any extra effort. I also started to compile free 3D data which are available online
09:41
so just today I started this repository so far I've put just few resources I'm aware of like ENLs, I'm from Czech Republic, France, Germany and so on this is probably a good start when you want to play with some data
10:03
if you know that your cities or villages also provide 3D data please let me know, raise issues in this repository or start pull request and it would be nice to have a nice repository of everything that is available
10:26
because it's quite difficult to find all the sources where they are. Another nice source of data is OpenStreetMap for 3D it's still not there I would say
10:41
so even though there are recognized tags like hate of buildings or levels of buildings or the shape of the roof so far quite few buildings are tagged properly so that they look nice and there is even a proposal which is not accepted yet
11:04
but they are trying to standardize the way how people can actually do the tagging of everything like doors, windows and floors and so on. Apart from data, like the 3D data, we also need some symbols
11:24
and so normally we have some basic ones like sphere, cylinder or cube but we also need some nice models for benches and everything so here there is a shoutout to Raymond who has already contributed a few nice models
11:45
that are in the QGIS repository and they are probably free to use yes he is speaking, nodding and this is more for future
12:01
there are some standards how to download the 3D data from internet so one is 3D tiles, that's a format which is standardized by Open Geospatial Consortium
12:21
so it's like kind of WMTS standard for 3D and that would be something nice to pick up in QGIS 3D as well and of course S3 has their own standard but surprisingly it's open and already quite a few cities they use their server for this data
12:52
so that would be also nice to support so now for the new features since the initial release of QGIS 3D
13:00
so one of the fun bits is the addition of shading of terrain two minutes left, ok so shading of terrain, before it looked like here in the top right corner now with the shading you can much better see small details in the terrain
13:22
new renderer for 3D lines, this one also supports Z coordinates of lines the one before, even if your line was varying elevation, it would be just a flat line we have support for print layouts so now you can print your 3D maps in high resolution
13:44
and put them on the poster we have more navigation controls so before you could just zoom in, move the map and rotate it now you can also move the camera up and down as if you were in an elevator
14:02
or you can look around with the camera rather than just rotate the camera around the point we have animation support so hopefully you can see this is a bicycle ride we did somewhere in Italy
14:27
so you can define keyframes where the camera is positioned and based on that you get the frames interpolated and the good news is that in QGIS Master 3.8 you can also export the animation frames
14:50
for export to some other animation now my presentation is in this mode, never mind
15:08
we have an identify tool now supported in 3D canvas so if you click on a 3D object in the 3D view you also get the attributes and everything
15:24
we have a configuration of lights so before there was always just one light straight on top of the scene now you can define several with different colors and everything
15:42
and we have rule-based rendering so before you could only use one single object, 3D symbol for all features from one layer now you can specify rules just like for labeling or 2D manufacturing
16:02
and if we look into the future we have a super long list of things that we would like to still implement these are really just wishes, this is nothing that's promised or anything close to that I will just keep talking about this and thank you for your attention
16:44
yes, this is all rendered on GPU it's using OpenGL how to create the symbols for this 3D object that you showed for example?
17:04
for example Raymond used Blender if I'm not wrong for me Blender is like a complete dark magic that I can't even move the camera properly not to create some models
17:23
so it's quite there to be able to produce some nice models but there are already plenty of 3D models available for free on the internet so it's also an option
17:41
the 3D model that we talked about before includes also information about materials or just the shapes you mean for the terrain? the format that you talked about
18:00
sorry, so which? you talked about open formats for 3D oh yeah, like 3D does so the question was whether there are also different materials supported right now QGIS 3D supports just a simple so-called font model for shading
18:26
that's for the material you specify just like the diffuse color, the ambient color and the specular color and shininess and this is how everything is rendered I would love to see also the texturing support and physically based rendering
18:47
but that's for later, some formats they support this but it's not supported in QGIS 3D but the 3D tiles are already implemented not yet
19:01
last question, very fast I'm an architect, I want to ask about the vectorial objects, the buildings is it anything developed to know which building is at the center to other ones I mean to distinguish between land walls and facade walls
19:23
because if not, it's a very interesting visualization but in urban planning, if we want to make an analysis it's very important for us to know if a building is at the center to analyze basic things
19:49
ok, so the question is whether you can distinguish between the sides of the walls or in 2D, it has to be an object different from a polygon
20:04
or a polygon with two kinds of lines I'm not really sure if I understand, so maybe we can discuss it afterwards thank you