minister and again this time went against Smirnov this and I'm also a member of the 2nd year of the research or its ends I would like to introduce a true today Steyermark science general they insist on a my people before he became the Secretary General of research tolerance was managing director of the U.S. components of having it loses an alliance hands on he also worms that are a thing of the events of Center for additional society and prior to joining on mark was a senior social scientists and the critic major the National snow and ice artists and resource who was there in the in will management process and that the dimension of that for the International Polar year because of their age ends with a foolish to mark talking about a recent study allowance but it thank you on hold and you're ready for some opponents so as that he said arts and sciences very general research the lies in this you know that were background then what study provided I was on the national selected for long time on and where I managed data ranging from remote sensing of the environment to indigenous knowledge of the Arctic to the qualities of Terence Group and so it was very diverse was was about point and so and so and and train is a geographer and so a lot of what I will say comes from that context so trainees Java cracking inundated data manager but now there's and to but someone is telling us that so

we take it as red within the RTA that all societies grand challenges be at curing cancer understanding and responding to climate change feeding center was the reading the crawling all the planets are all these grand challenges required inverse sometimes large enough to be shared integrated across cultures and out so and so by cultures mean national cultures that are so this theory of cultures cultures of stewardship versus cooking cultures of computing you will I libraries verses non repositories knowledge and certainly cultures scales might mean in terms of missile scales temporal scales but also conceptual skates and technologies in bases communications specializations analysis it's so we need we erected is the gasses grand challenges we need to integrate data processing so correspondingly

RDA vision is researchers and innovators openly sharing data across all users were the countries to imagined as a society Our mission more targeted more specific is that we build the social and technical Rigi's enable in sharing data and in that's it for man or is this region for on talk more about it we go through that in in 1 well you can see a lot of time but billing and what about in the structure I don't just mean the pipes and wires I'm infrastructure is a much more complex and international argue that it's really more like the body of relationships and so on so that the 1st question we ask is What is infrastructure but it is similarly when he

was going the minerals like this this I mean it

was like this except the word here down under

somewhat like this so we really mean by things like this

and if you think that the that's an example of of socio-technical bridge I like

EXAC version that's that is that it broadens context but then that's essentially what we're gonna do is build bridges NS led by actors is 1 sort of example

and this is not time without rationale there is actually a whole discipline called infrastructure states that looks at how infrastructures involved as opposed to being developed and if you were to read 1 thing on infrastructure studies a recommend this report by Edwards et all understanding infrastructure dynamics tensions in we really something that you're well and highlights that the way infrastructures and mature and ultimately in structure mature when it becomes he various accessible reliable and transparent in other words I you only recognize infrastructure is broke and you know I think of electors in the lights go up so naturally ontology with any of the structures that same level of ubiquity and invisibility so that we look at how historical infrastructures of involved this is everything from the rail network to the Internet and they go to space development starting with the system building days was characterized by sir Newell delivering development of specific technologies among users and it was so this is our networking dangerous objects and transfer of technology across the means consultations but it's also results in variation on reading resigned sometimes with the emergence in computing system so this article to competing face and finally there's this process of consolidation where these networks are interconnected and as Edwards all colored his gaze but those days you can also think the bridge to out the similar systems to be linked into into broad and so I would argue that that's me might be at that phase now we were starting to move from this network to the Internet or pays this was the infrastructure so as not question what

is infrastructure but when using structures and list was a minor hassle and who is infrastructure for and that is I think a critical component as well

as we think about the great use of these gateways they're not just technical solutions are not just technology and it's not so we just need a or technical to the social offered search a combination of a technical solution in combination with the social choice so you know standard only works people about this means only thinking that they can also think about how on certain technologies that they were the best when they don't specify exactly how work is the an example in the average users is e-mail versus Lotus Notes people use e-mail for absolutely everything from there to do list to you know basically negation well that's not presented recover program was very specific regarding had worked so never took up you know we remains you know ubiquitous will fall so that's sort of constantly monitors this phase know what is the problem that we're trying to deal

but this notion of a data deluge is really become somewhat cliches were drowning in data science and so on but to me it's not so much the simple zeros and ones from side it was the thinking of a data deluge and we should be thinking

data was where did is flying everywhere and chaotic what is trying to escape the summer sense of on and then if you think about it more importantly each 1 of those chaotic refines the lakes is unique

so and so it's that diversity and chaotic behavior there really needs attention matters of balance that not so that level of science this notion diversity diversity of the date of kind of you it's the Central Châu and so I looking

unless they see the light scientists the audience your familiar with this concept of a long tail of side this is now a somewhat classic figure from height on on some years ago to shine a distribution of awards and by the National Science Foundation US but use a similar distribution of awards by almost any of research grant me and the idea is that there's a few people they get lots of money and there's many people they get a little bit of money and those guys at the individual investigators small teams groups of graduate students they're developing the smaller research questions and that we have books that simple challenge for you so the more time and diversity plant is the diversity of the data that agricultural diversity but the last thing about the human and

George Green had now Bring them this concept of Service Level diversity which is the world of ours and so when you think about this when people service-level diversity of those things the obvious and of media race age gender versus the deeper level diversity which often be more challenging in terms of their values conceptual metaphors their personalities and you think about that diversity across scientific disciplines the essence of book so I think that's important to recognize this feast deeper around so then are dealing with diversity

It's nice to go back to this guy William in and so the gradient quintessential nerd there the wrestler back and he worked in this field called cybernetics around and suddenly you hear about somewhat for anymore but it was a big the big thing that in in that the term cybernetics comes from the Greek word to got as the study or fool on Information Communications and his so yes this law if you will of requisite bright in this white it's only variety absorbs right His saying more prosaically is that the minimum number of states necessary for a controller control system of a given number of states in other words the larger the variety of actions available control system a larger variety of perturbations is able to compensate so in a sense this is what you have is sort of understandable by the way doing that acts the Western breast feeding this is why human still conform she on and and so and no 1 no individual can address this complexity so only organizations with enough variety and diversity adapt to the changing realities parameters and really Friday and only the privacy as well as the unforeseen contingencies you know your organization the true modernist will crash from wrong and willows and unable to so this this concept a variety of jobs variety in the central he had that too many gas

law which says that the value of an hour increases as the square of the number of nodes in the network and you can argue whether it's a square or whatever it is but the point is it's not ladies it's exponential and you think was originally looking at those old book and see season with that you know the value of the cell phone network increases and as the number of devices are out there and interconnected but nonlinearity thing it's a grows exponentially and you see the same thing with technical networks but also the social social networks grow with a now you had of exponentially compared to the number of nodes involved number of people involved and further weeks-long network theory a little further and we look at how networks

forms is a map of the in of key so the Internet from X some years back now but we see how it plans in the sources sort of these notes these are super no and that's sort of a natural way they connect but as piracy and others had pointed

out that these networks were reading about misery ecosystems rely on these weak links these we talked so this person right here that connects these 2 big nose becomes critically important and not broadly connected only onto 2 connections but that we find the way it works so it's it's these people who play in local spaces there most I and this is the way the and so I think that we made in the Australian context I think Australia is low but no in terms of a lot of activity with in Australia but it is also a link to other areas as well and so this concept of the links having is very important and also we think about that person and they're will that person knows people means connecting things that including about that as the years and

Congress Bachman and others on road on this this increasing complexity of mediation and that over time mediation is done much work of on an while on the details of this figure except disagree with the wind in large in enlarged sense but also the kind that as we go from each 1 of these levels there's also an increase in sort of standardization of museum really clearly as we met and symbol needed she calls it of basic books letters and numbers to when we started in a telecommunications and require all growth of new standards and so forth the same with the letter and the when the next phase and as we move into this season and so it's in that context that we're trying to develop things and so it's this notion of the year titles some sent some mobile units and if you look at work on how organizations come together particularly long particularly Bonheur organizations particularly looking at the open source movement John only in rights well this is that is that there something that drives that is this notion of the what he calls an axiom of but something you know vise people Towards a common goal in our dream if you will the giver shared free so extensively model for us and in the absence of shared training

but as saying who writes on on collaboration and in a fascinating property of of the biodiversity movement and the destruction of rainforests in the nineties notes cities universalism the she's calls on actually hybrid transient and possibly being formed for dialog and work out from fiction that we are not as united as we think we are in a you know a good example of that is Open Data so I think that most of people on all here your support the general principle of open data that's nice unifying principle boldly segregated where in actually implementing what that means we wanted all sorts of NAND but some restrictions actually reveal some interesting things that we need new solutions such as that the robust spending is science emerged out the friction that comes from this notion of a local data and so then along the same lines as there's no reason to think that collaborators really have a common goal so they may have is unified dream but they're all working for the particular will objective and so this is a sort of formal coalition politics acutely yet the retina itself and this last point I think is really important but Scottish ahead around this notion unity in diversity nasty to cover each other this and the example she gives certain words with well is looking at on early biological classification so early on our own people would go to a new exotic places and they would see new plants and animals they never seen before so they will rely on locals what is this plant houses like this was a animal later on we get when in classification and and so forth and they come in and try to oppose this you know by you and then asks the local the local not but it is a local knowledge in sensor covering up that systemized view of a tax on so the money genealogical wastes imagine you remember will it another book and I'll go

get a theory years and I is and this is a much more popular easy reading book and there's actually 10 talk on this guy Stephen jobs where that is from Brock and he and he introduces this concept of the adjacent possible and having a release that notion of the world where it's it's this this connection between people that that really generates societies and that idea is often are not only you the Eureka moment the sudden inside but this this sole hunches or phase and you work hard he a nice description how Darwin's concept of of survival bitterness and adaptation with my son realization in Western developed over decades but any areas for this these hunches you will need to bump and other countries on and so and we see that you know you have an idea and the noise around your head and talk a somebody about it may use some insights and boom all yet now in this connection and so we are using we should be protecting IP future showing Mahmudul users will Beisel phrase connecting versus and then shown sharing of failures as well as on were trying to build it it will be the infrastructure we were what they were told work and so we might raise faces that so the coffee shops if you will Johnson illustrates suddenly enlightenment of the growth of body shops bringing Waksals together really help foster that intellectual you and somebody close with his vessel hold your chance favors the connected mark the morning he entered the goes that that language it come because of the connection made me make scripts so in a sense it's all of our

relationships a theme and area and I know this is an introvert a Myers-Briggs sets and that you know interactions in which exhausted but essential and necessary and so it is isomerized so long as we have a central challenge diversity we address diversity through diversity in a variety of myriad interfaces connections relationships but in mastering relationships is unreasonable community building meaning they were trying to build a priority is also central to beta sites and we don't exact on from just looking at the past was looks like something a lot units of work and so on is that you know those lady go social capital and the union you professional growth on increases your you if the influences station around us as more connected you are on this notion of you know we're giving yourself more successful word like oranges works and also I think and these relationships and often these relationships uncovered has not and that in in managing data on a really central challenge especially when trying to share data across this is a this is embedded knowledge is not necessarily this was so this again example I was working with a our canoes modeling still lack of and I was trying to understand his needs his data for working with bring from the standard in of part of the data he was ready and was from the electron the stations that are recorded basic meteorological data and so on and he has a new baby you don't use the wind direction and speed so because of the change because there often in these values of small forest clearings and wins the not represented and so easy users that everybody knows you don't use them interaction Minsky himself announced older another fit and so that was another relationship was formed between United that that has knowledge the becomes exposed and you understand and what this is not quickly you know do stupid things like using the speed you try to improve his mark I'd also argue that I'm focusing on his relationships and more rapid spin-spin images and inside and

so I would argue that you are all in a user-driven design there's a little exists but not just the energy we need thinking about it providers the funders the entire ecosystem of people that are involved in order Lexus and that sort of in a similar sense on we need not just use cases but case that we not we need only ask where people want but how they work we need to understand how they work and how did it fits in the class and so we will educate in some cases ethnographic sort of approach participant observation when the definition that the and and really focus on relationships because they it is often at the center of which it's so that we start with boundary object on the is not putting a barrier and between the boundary upon where where Jewish of all and this last point is it only were secure in general and and so you and so on now is a philosophy of software development kit and there's also the methods random but ultimately it's centered around lost and breast cancer and colleague of mine translating this philosophy and you agile organization and the idea is that you know is on individuals interactions or processes who other processes and tools are important we process but we thought about getting more the individuals in at we focus on working volunteers over detailed documentation it always on Member collaboration over the contract the chief then we focus on responding to change would only land so this is in the center we don't follow lands and she and teachers were require emphasis world and so that was considered a unilateral resonates of OK so that was also the period of the sound as a whole utterance said so I'm a Java anything in sort of conceptual ways between science play spaces scale but in breakdown is something we'll we'll so be given all that the theory 1 of the while 1st

largely focuses on developing these days say well the bridge and we don't do architecture in the classic sense was not designed the entire system of product because that will not work is never worked for any of the structures that were developed around and that we need to recognize this were again the wall and process that phase of so how we get there it is explicitly meaning that well we have this

this Montreux created adopt use in his focus on short-term deliverables the use of these little rich and so they they might be cold particular specification implementation of a specific standard in that was always in the details of occasion and these practices that enable the edition they're they're reusable harvestable efforts that can be done in 12 18 months and eliminate some sort of robot it over some sort of various bridge across and again and their habits that have probably but don't necessarily solve all crops not necessary in Indiana generic solutions great those are very rare so that it has the standard vector into group within it up with a and things start a so we want these these these short-term bridges and and well we don't have an architecture we do have that unifying vision that that and that's the intensity and catch catch that so many Asians catenins was you will so we have that summarize in 6 little terms so openness and biological and the other in terms of opening our processes and how we negotiate of across technologies etc. similarly where a consensus-based organization we want consensus lifted in terms of how do things by balance I mean balance across different perspectives severe practitioner perspective the data user perspective from the library perspective the repository perspective but also balance across hour on that we don't want you know someone puts their particular chosen approach and so relating harmonization on harmonize that's again binge keeping that that consolidation base kind harmonize across the insistence where he'd written in 1 of so further to this building these

gateways discrete I use this is our overall organizational structure and I'll come back this morning here later but the basic thing is the others membership this that that's all people they're involved in RDA it signed the numbers on and in particular the important group within that these working groups and these these groups that exist for only 12 18 months on to produce

these little arrangements and here the ones that we are have the ones in red or was there is wrapping up right now returning to deliver and I'll talk more about the liberals will be but I think if you look through this lesson all go to the mall in great detail you'll see there's probably things here that are relevant to what you're working on that you're trying to say address some of these issues the next

1 is that RDA plays on but in both the global space so you global and globalist it's kind of it's kind of creating word reacting seat in literature some and the idea is not a stable act locally but simultaneously label spaces and so again RTA is a

global organization to Thom the stats about mumbles on bronzes than so it is a global organization we have members from countries all push enjoyed by our members yes sterilized to the North Lantau right now and so we're trying to spread around from oral situations when they were international particle is to point out the awful Pacific this piece that's primarily Australia something New Zealand and is looking at a map that some people from New Guinea in Indonesia but it's primarily Australia is all that I presented the population is actually a pretty any of also you know they were trying primarily academics on the lot government folks but the private sector is going on and I I'll get back to a bit and import and so not just throwing in numbers but also growing noted so the piece of the pie but Bernhard

is small and all of the same time we have what we call regional Laureates and in part this is an artifact of the funding that some finding it is more fun things in our own country I and currently that's found was called READ less RTA Europe and answer some of the representatives of as spotty Australia if you will around and but they so if there is not a morning is an artifact of because we have with this focus on implementation we recognize implementations and how it will work and am in Deligne and the objectives of Australia had any different from the objectives in in the U.S. and that the Australians were to the best of quick to recognize the those objectives how implement all over the city or the devil always looking at by the same time ensuring that all regional issues of national issues that echoed off to a globally around will well so that is not working on things in isolation and finally on that is a bit more later is that we have of meetings every every 6 months and today's history sponsoring organizations have been the the sponsors that of buttons parts but low OK and at some point 4 and

5 argue classes relationships interfaces in connection to remember I focused on the relationship to the critically important and provide a neutral place if you will to identify these issues that we need to work out there were identified friction and work through so going back to this we are

aware that happens is in working groups is an instance but also pathway that happens is in our these interest groups and youth groups were not originally conceived when arguing was worse for but without it we turned up the quite work and

it turns out we also have many more of it and then we have working groups and again you skim to this you might say something areas there for interest you and interest groups originally received as incubators for working groups we recognize that having that tight focused liberal you can deliver and in 18 months requires some set up some stretching it got so that was the original positive and true spreads broadened science on in some cases as a way to bring communities together on for example there's 1 here very number 24 preservation structure people working on preservation all over the us in the library community innovate community it will in Europe and the US and Australia and this was simply a matter of mechanism to bring those groups that structure so it it so that we are suspected but it has many industries in in the middle there there's still delivering babies and so delivering a little regions that ability things living things that we hope will work force of so they might be for example as a group 1 here legal interoperability that is doing some intensive studies of the actual success and failures of salaries tools like CC license and C C 0 waivers and to develop some recommendations specifically the rest so here's groups are a way to foster that connection lost you know the preview has have mind but then it really works best when you come

together in in place so we as a nation we have these primaries every 6 months the next 1 will be in San Diego in marginal last was never through them on we will have 1 in Australia but it's it'll probably will always out but I will note that this is as close as you can get to Australia in the U.S. that I thought I had it on just an ocean against the shit Concepts' and all of that data you it's just a working for us our and the way they heard you intend to where is on actually we're looking out on Japan so that's also the and but then the the plenaries big answer were substantially you you get out of the set pieces at home and then they're really going at all but that was on and but I I recently there are judged by communities it's there were hands-on working we surely have plenary sessions keynote speakers all that stuff but the vast majority of meetings that would work in the working groups inference coming-together and actually working and people really like the numbers really around and so then

finally just the entire they cover all the pieces of this baby you're all these yellow boxes at the top that's the governance structure so Council on senior State people there having pointed by our funders on what's really they will be elected by the membership on a responsible for the overall mission of the stage it there to ensure that had context consensus on what the thinking the technical advisory board but is really critical group on and they're there because of there isn't that balance peace now parliamentarisation it's so they're there to make sure that people are pushing their answers the agendas and and by providing technical advice to the Council on on the approach the organization Advisory Board and of about a little bit more in a minute on but it is to recognize that organizations have achievable in this as a dark arts organizations would adopt not and in the middle is secretary at the office that runs things that states that means are city

usernames here's a Council on lossless indirect is under strain representative studies represented on Secretariat Universität with binary were also has good is joined representation was silent Cox and true or long an interaction was just re-elected he was the chair high dimensional immunity chair again they I agree is not like this on you the willing and you have and so what that these

organizations as I mentioned that organization but is essential roles adopt we have as we have this focus on implementation we want actually have that will reduce that the bill be adopted and it's all willing to be adopted by an academic in a lab but to really have an impact you beat up by the organization to private organizations government organizations pop-rocker organizational library will have and so organizations actually joined as members as well wearing the organizational happened they used to do so but individual membership is free and as long as you agree the principles and so their organization members coming together will be called organizational soundly who in turn in that election organizational Advisory Board the represent organizational issues to counsel and you're isation advisory board so currently we only have about 25 30 Num organization members so the advisory board is acting as a committee the whole perhaps as we get more members for all of us on his image and made a case my students they have a special way that our being sure that slow-developing just academic will exercise is they're actually relevant to real orientation also finally OK so

here here I is a dated slide by Curie organizational members and just to note that we also have it's the same rights as organizational members on their little different they don't pay dues there is like minded organizations with international schools also working on will of bitch she so the World Data System encoding there's class the examples they were 1st it's undergoing a similar issues among actionable working with and not all against the run overlapping will collaborate and so you can see that our organizations are pretty diverse but they are our meaning Towards nonprofit in research and not the private sector That's area that we will focus and return to say last time

this model the RDF will read and universities this is RDA up here this is called the it is a separate entity and that

is the body lenders on currently governments are government agencies but also could be on nonprofit foundations for example on Sloan 1 and welcome faster expressions by the and the plant is is it informal away from the funding agencies to gather to share their plans around supporting data interoperability but they don't have far malicious in use there is to know what really body for binding agreements clattering Hegel collaboration share on their ideas so that here by the and so is related to but distinct from yeah it's sort of a parallel in formal organization and he did not intentionally but it keep a hands off approach is save what their data sharing new this vision solve she Munadi's figured out and and so the intensity in the hands of local in applying the Council's beaches patterns so seems states people keeping an eye on things but they're not assuming that they have a solution the media community in terms of switch so we got we actually

saw 18 months old moment 19 muscle now honored assay articulated some initial prototype liberals they're not many international organizations that literally 18 months in and so 1st 3 small little building blocks the very important on the very foundational and so on you simply a foundational terminology on the 1st thing you need knows the talking about other the ends around that's you know we can argue forever about terms of this is only a handful of terms that it we interstate growing and query fool around and that includes space in terms of digital objects on beans that's and this is shared equally so it's part of building the culture war is to know you know having the terminal in so know how I think is a data type model and in registry you might think about this is sort of like mind types for data I'm so is a model and describe the data type what's swinging where columns where the units and that sort of thing and and registry for registering those effects division is that this would be a global industry who that people will use this within their evoked act so I give this talk in a various similar to see Geoscience Australia yesterday on so I suggest science Australia might wanna have very little registry quality science data but in all this model and say that while group that I biodiversity group is followed a similar model overtime exert having the connections costs that's that's the idea of very closely related notion is a persistent identifier time registry and so prison identifiers can identify locate major remains articles datasets individuals organizations instruments so 1st time the machine understands what that thing is identifying can help a lot in terms of you know all I'm going to a dataset that told me something and other than I'm going to work and it's interesting so imagine what number you're familiar with some digital object identifiers using those data citation and 1 of the things is emerging out as the getting confused as well as the I point this out and when what a great chief at and so some not things coming soon the basic set of what they call practical policies are writing policies have words ones I own rules on machine national rules but the idea is that it is only used his basic functions you know a fixing check say some or a simple ingest process that could be used recreate in used in multiple contexts and any ultimately this enhanced trust they work on the same it's the same basic rules then we can ensure greater trust past for its on the metadata standards directory this is a rather grand notions on recent success on but the idea is that you have a directory that you decide what is the appropriate metadata standard used the type of data that on so you can think of the library and that's and and using Adobe a firm you're working with the researchers try to write in the way and because of the way that it it is you you stated that the and and 1 is and dynamic data citation of knowledge and wonder rather gave a cop here at was if you so is leading a group and it is essentially a bit so when this is the way that we can reference precise subsets within a ever changing needs and and their so it's it's reproducibility each so there is some minus some people would bring us that particular version of hitler from time series that we can reconcile again and set the place where it was great query i.e. of the persistent identifier onto a query and search into action at 10 treating a lot found a lot of use cases from there its middle I found and another 1 is something that's soon and then my my personal favorite groups is elite interoperability with and they're taking it on this invisible doing a small ontology is described this issue of things around the video artists and so forth on solution and rational it think about that is fundamentally critical summing up the will and so this is not the little so we have coming forward easily varies our initial regions like I say not only day I'm beautifully adopted nearly means that period from about what that might entail

so I heard that involved around as I mentioned the joint areas freezing everywhere principles into part of an organization elect jointers there is even a fairly modest we encourage you to join or started it used to grow working group and come our countries so is this is our sunrise

infrastructure creative a basis this final consolidation phase relying on gateways in Britain's men in bring that consolidation phase now being that and diversity is a central problem but we only address diversity with more diversity and never been interconnection related to handle that and solving complex problems and the global warming more democratic world where on some more will we have more multi concerns as well as working in schools states so this notion of coalition politics like kinds of coalitions and you have identity really is to work with this the human geographer coming out but that's so the identity question linking Central and recruiting forms by the old high with new professions and decides that this 1 I think is the focus on the relationships the connections easier it's not just human-human but she machine human-machine etc. and he needed to stay globally or William of the same time 6 and RDA provides a mechanism you all so they did not follow

him it in the war and during the the hands of the jury was coming