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Dsensor.org peer to peer science

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Dsensor.org peer to peer science
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13
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13
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The talk will start with an introduction to the ideas behind a computationally active living knowledge network secured by a science blockchain. Next a proof of concept demo will be presented highlighting two uses cases. The first will show how a 'traditional' way of conducting science can fit into a living knowledge protocol and the second will show the use of the Dsensor Mapping Protocol to automatically validate the outcomes of science.
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Transcript: English(auto-generated)
Thank you very much and just to address to the questions the last conference I spoke to was at a quantum cryptography conference in Edinburgh So yes SHA-256 and elliptical key encryption would be broken However, there's other encryption tools which theoretically can't be broken by quantum computing
But people are working on using quantum computing to make the SHA-256 etc quantum proof so and The first question was about practical use cases. It's only the last few months that we've had the tools to actually deliver And so today's talk is going to be in two parts a high-level introduction
But SONCA has given this the headline act and I'm going to do a use case and there's two parts to use case First one will be live code or a software conference And the second one will show you my de-sensor protocol working through a video recording
So believe it or not 400 years ago there was a prevailing belief that the world was flat and Through the Enlightenment and sent what we call in scientific method and ever we realized that that wasn't the case however This is the surname of a famous historical scientist
It's wrapped in a seefer Caesar cipher. Can anyone crack it in the next 10 seconds? Well, anyone's got a keyboard could you tell me what the letter to the left of an N is on your keyboard It's a B and if you did it for two you've got an R and I get you it spells
Giovanna Bruno burnt at the stake at 1600 Rome for asserting that the world was round. I Tell this story for two two reasons. It was a create a culture of fear and science To publish your identity on your so-called white paper back then
so people encrypted a cipher to identify themselves to say they had a Invented or thought it discovered phosphorus, but that was you know, an atom and stuff not didn't exist So they encrypt it five years later a young scientist comes along says oh, I made this discovery the old scientist We said no No I've got a cipher that proves that you know
The Queen of Sheba was in town and we all know that that happened four years ago and I discovered it I was just didn't want to reveal my identity because I might end up like Bruno And secondly as some could said the blockchain works on cryptography and this asymmetrical property So you could have been guessing
For at least more than 10 seconds my my encryption but once you knew you could encrypt everything else and and modern-day cryptography is far more complicated than this science, so The blockchain Song has given us an introduction. So I'm not going to labor on these points
Except if you are new to it, you have to understand these words and a few more but what I do want to pick up on is that Even if we understand the technical mechanics of Bitcoin, we still don't understand the blockchain So the blockchain is far more than cryptography
So we have that on our top top top left but also has this monetary economic incentive So when you discover a block you get a monetary token, which the world puts An exchange rate to the US dollar and every currency, but even that's not enough It has this sort of game theory built in so the miners get these tokens which may have a monetary value
But if 51% of the miners colluded then we couldn't trust the the audible trail in the blockchain And so those tokens would go to zero. So there's a disincentive for the people own the tokens to collude because Today on my laptop. I have a copy of Bitcoin and other people are not miners have a copy of Bitcoin so we can
We'll be able to analyze the blockchain to look for patterns of conclusion Which we would then tell the rest of the world and that's the miners or people holding the Bitcoin tokens will go to zero So it's a Bitcoin is more than cryptography and it's actually more than these two other variables
But I like to use the analogy to a glass plasma in nuclear fusion You have magnets in tension keeping the plasma in check And so these three variables plus a governance model of the upgrade of the core protocol Which is a problem in in the space still and also the physical deployment of your peer-to-peer network
So there's concerns about the centralization of mining in China, for example in the Bitcoin community But ultimately we have to solve a problem I think Martin raised this in his talk So in Bitcoin it kept the money honest in a thedium
Sonka mentioned the smart contracts computer programs thediums blockchain uses the same proof-of-work algorithm to keep the computations honest and I make the claim in science. None of those two properties keep science honest So I describe it as even if you have all the money and all the compute power in the world
Would be impossible for a scientist to make a false claim about the validity of their their science It's a big claim and I'm going to build a case of how we can achieve that through the demos So just a few observations about science today in the 20th century outlook
This is a lab of the future. So very few humans lots of computers Automated sequencing I put this opaque box to say that generally the data doesn't get out And I think it should be a right that all data is open permission access to it And more importantly even if we make an insight
from science We have to apply it to the real world and science has to now adapt to Operate in a far messy environment and we need to go away from a paradigm of clinical trials or publishing Mindset into what I call computationally active or living knowledge network
Where all science is validated every in real time all the time So I'm just going to peek into the future By showing you a demo I did to inspire myself at the start of the project four years ago So the goal is to end up with a fully functioning simulated human an average one for start
And then personalized to me where I can drill in and get a real-time Analytics of what's going on my body, but not just humans but all life forms We don't live in isolation We live on a living planet
For the simulated climate models NASA does this already for climate, and then we have this concept of knowledge which is Intangible and so we need some sort of way to visualize What's going on and nick this from someone from Wikipedia?
So this would be underpinned by the science blockchain, so we have clusters of our understanding Maybe over here. We have swimming and over there Neuroscience and there's no real understanding in science how these two disciplines come together so it shows Graphically that we can focus our research to bring an understanding between those two
domains So just a little bit about The rise of the citizen science is the next talk. I'm doing in London next month
This is just to make the point that the democratization of science the open science So I'm wearing a wearable many of you will be wearing a wearable I've got my My DNA sequence on my mobile phone. I'm sure some of you will have to And then they say the 21st century is the century of biology, but not just biology
It's DIY biology. I do it yourself so access to technologies like CRISPR can be done in your own home So I think science needs to prepare for that mass participation To our use case so we're going to bring a brand new Pharmaceutical drug to market to address high cholesterol
And a more graphical way of telling the story is to start on the top right we have a researcher doing some basic research Into protein chemicals and blood vessels through the heart for example Which we published into a paper which the pharmaceutical companies or AI companies at
Analyzing to pick up into new insights Which they then roll into a clinical trial which gets regulated which allows the GP to prescribe it to myself And then hopefully my blood pressure or cholesterol gets taken under control So we're going to show how decentralized database
Technology along with smart contracts and my desensor protocol would allow this existing way of science to To to operate a few assumptions identity has not been solved on internet yet So I just make an assumption that everyone's acting as themselves and the first demo is an explicit
Handshake of authorization permissions between myself and the researcher So all I want to show in this diagram is that Some convention smart contracts so on the on the left will have myself my sensor I collect the sensor recorded in a smart contract that smart contract sets another smart contract that gives the permission access
On the researcher side they have to put all science forward in a computational form And then the computational form and this data has to come together in a computation and I record the start and the stop and the outputs from the computation into the blockchain and
I haven't published it into the the journals, but there is many startups solving that problem currently
So a little bit of orientation on on the interface this white interface here is myself and the individual and we have our researcher here in blue and Top right here. We have a blockchain account, which is tied to myself and
And top left we have a blockchain account tied for the researcher and you will see this will run in sync because everyone gets the same copy of everything and if you Had your laptops open right now You would have the same copy and that's why I've chosen to this live demo because everything that's running is running on my laptop
So the barrier to participation is as low as you possibly could have So the first thing I need to do as an individual is to sign in so I've already signed in to desensor I've also signed into aetherium and the last speaker the last session. I haven't quite integrated into Jupyter yet, but it's coming Hopefully can help me on that
And then Blockchains are not very good at storing data. So all my data goes to a thing called made safe So it's my account so we have Our peer-to-peer setup live so I need to add the the sensors
So I'm going to start by adding a wearable I'm just going to manually put in the firmware but and the real version it makes a Bluetooth call to the to the wearable and extracts all the firmware and
details and then I have to match it to a data model and then what I'm going to do now is Register on the blockchain and
So we heard the concept of mining so transactions can only be accepted into the blockchain once a miner accepts it So I'm going to start the mining process on this account in real in real rural world mining is going on all the time
Here we go kicking in there so there's a sensor being registered on the on the network and then the second permission contract and So the data comes streaming in from my wearable every megabit is being encrypted and stored to this crypto storage platform called made safe
So we have the data and now we need the science So science is added through a smart contract called at the map a decentralized mapping application
So The basic research is for cholesterol And the real world this would be integrated into the research tools for each discipline of science or Jupiter
want to do some blood and It's over time and as I said Controversially all science has to be in a computational form But I think our second last talk again showed how even mathematics is now
Going to be in a computational form And then here we've just used github. So every time you've published to github You have its URL and also you get the hash
so if you want to reproduce the exact version of your code and as as the Jupiter presentation showed the software extends right through to
visualization
So Here we're just going to do a custom chart and this researcher has got an external application it could be Jupiter but In my demo, they've built their own one So the science has been committed to the blockchain, but the miners have to accept it again. So they very quickly accept it
So we now have the data and we have the computation. We need a mechanism to bring both together
So the class the researcher then invites the peer So they have access to my public key in the moment of truth for the light demo
So there's a message being sent across the peer-to-peer network asking my data store for access to the blood data and Has arrived luckily for me and the smart contract from the researcher needs the identification of the smart contract
From from my My my data and this very simple example, there's only one in the system But you can imagine as you have multiple quests and multiple data types It's a hard problem to solve and so this is one of the key projects that we're working on and I grant permission
the researcher needs More than one person to join their study So they go through the process They then Execute their code we can then tap into the study at any point in time
so there's and They've used the least mean squares analysis. So again, this could be exported to Jupiter and wider research
So that's that's the basic research published living live in the network Companies like stratified medicine in London and currently take all scientific paper journals and data mine them to give insights for new drug-discovery potential so we can imagine that happening in the
science blockchain and so one pharmaceutical company has done that so they Then create Clinical trial
Of course, we're not working in plain vanilla science now the pharmaceutical company wants to deliver precision medicine So they ask the community Whether they would like to participate by adding their genome So I said yes, I do. I
Have it exported from 23andme This time the data model is the genome The genome has to be registered on the blockchain To set up the contract and the permission this actual data stored into my own personal made safe account
So this time when the smart contract for the science has been created. I can ask for the blood But I can also ask for the gene
I'm gonna stop the demo here, but it's the same process. They would have their model of what would be the biomarker to choose effective effectiveness of that drug and They would put it to the network the computation to be run the chart reproduced It would be handed over to the regulator The regulator would have a non validating node So they would have any point in time they can tap into the study
So that's do see the complete lifecycle and not only just the cycle of the trial but the success of the outcomes post it so right Part one I'll proof of concept. So I think there's
hopefully it's How science works and how it could be worked today and in the blockchain environment? So the first benefit is the individual patients have got granular control over their participation on all parts of the science Which today is contrasted to an upfront legal agreement, which they signed a piece of paper
Which has certain promises but no Practical utility behind it they can get feedback in real time The researcher has an automatic audit trail of their analysis guarantees reproducibility of evidence and we've shift from a regulatory Paradigm to a real-time compliance because they can tap in again in real time to this study
However in this scenario the data still escapes and So the inspiration for my own project desensor was to say Can we solve this and I think we can so I currently
Describe science is bringing the data to the computation Whereas I think the paradigm we were heading towards is bringing the computation to the data So I make the case that all science. The only thing that unifies science is the outcomes
It has to be computationally active It's got complete automation It will be I with the realms of human bias and it will be secured by the blockchain However The innovation and learning we've learned from Bitcoin aetherium is based on artificial scarcity
And I think science is based on the abundance of knowledge So we have to secure our blockchain and a different paradigm from the financial services and I think we can do that through a Combination of technologies as this really nice to set up the the wallet called the triple lock
So you have crypto storage you have crypto compute and a crypto ice messaging system all wrapped in an artificial intelligence that governs the quality of the science So we had the diagram pretty they did the first demonstration All I want to say is that this is the same diagram and rearranged
But rather than having a peer-to-peer explicit paradigm. I'm just trusting that every participant will trust the protocol We trust the protocol we get the properties of keeping science valid So I'm going to show you just a quick
Recorded demonstration of the same scenario But done using the decentralized mapping protocol. So what's happening on the bottom left is I'm cloning a hundred peer-to-peer accounts, which have got genomics blood data and mobile data
our wearable data and the decentralized sampling protocol has chosen peers to participate in the sampling When they're chosen they go to get hub and download the code it's sanitized They run the computation all computations have to produce a prediction path of the outcome of their science Those outcomes are then recorded into the blockchain and as reality moves forward
We will see how effective the actual outcome was. So I they said my cholesterol go down 10% over three months. I Not change at all So all these demos are online and the slides were made
Made available so that you can watch them more at your leisure and the second second one I point to is going through in slow motion the the actual stages so we
We have the smart contract being created and the output of the prediction path I was go to it So we have the code being downloaded the smart contract starting the computation recording The actual code is sandboxed and sanitized
Yeah, so it's just showing that in my computer. I've got the same code that was on github Right, so I'm running out of time So we'll just let that roll on so the rest of the slides just go into more
More detail the big thinking that's gone behind desensor I'm just gonna stop off at one or two slides to To The people have influenced me to come up with this solution So the big message is that the blockchain does not solve the science problem
So when I discovered Bitcoin five years ago I didn't think it fundamentally solved the problem and I had a problem my my that I wanted to solve So I had a peer-to-peer network in a swimming pool that was recording timing of swimmers And I'd also and I did real-time analytics as they came in and it has predict predicted their times at championships in the future
And then I created a machine learning algorithm That would create a training program and then I wanted to validate that the machine learning algorithm was better than a human So then I was interested in creating a peer-to-peer Clinical trial to prove that the sports science of my AI was as good or better than human
So I needed a way to secure all swimming pools I was using raspberry pies and then have a way to share that data and compute it And as I've been on my science journey the last six months when the inspiration stories I think typifies this problem is that there was a 200 million euro
Alzheimer's project looking for biomarkers to start to give us a foothold of understanding of the disease They spend 80% of their money in four years getting the data sets together and then they come up with some candidate biomarkers Which the cut the clinical trial teams? Have four proven techniques to you know
to adjudicate on the scientific validity of them and then they did that spent all their money and One of the heads the projects was speaking to a mathematician And he said oh, I've got this new self something AI algorithm that might be able to Help you He ran it in 20 minutes and came up with the same biomarkers
So I tell us that's the that's the positive story we may solve the reproducibility nothing It's the network data size problem and the liberation of new breakthroughs as a faster or more, you know innovative collaborative environment
Doug Engelbart was the father of the mouse and also the way to author knowledge So he talks about this discovery space In December last year discovered a paper written in 1988 by this guy Paul Thakur it underpins the theory of my de-sensor
Project so I encourage you to read it and so while on the blockchain we have this tension keeping it in check somehow in science we need these variables pushing towards the truth and All I've done is made the first steps and hopefully others will be inspired to Improve or add new features and on that I think I will conclude. Thank you