The Hodge index theorem of Faltings and Hriljac asserts that the Neron-Tate height pairing on a projective curve over a number field is equal to a certain intersection pairing in the setting of Arakelov geometry. In the talk, I will present an extension of this result to adelic line bundles on higher dimensional varieties over finitely generated fields. Then I will talk about its relation to the non-archimedean Calabi-Yau theorem and its application to algebraic dynamics. This is a joint work with Shou-Wu Zhang.