GIS For All: Exploring The Barriers And Opportunities For Underexploited GIS Applications
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| Number of Parts | 95 | |
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| License | CC Attribution - NonCommercial - ShareAlike 3.0 Unported: You are free to use, adapt and copy, distribute and transmit the work or content in adapted or unchanged form for any legal and non-commercial purpose as long as the work is attributed to the author in the manner specified by the author or licensor and the work or content is shared also in adapted form only under the conditions of this | |
| Identifiers | 10.5446/15540 (DOI) | |
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| Production Place | Nottingham |
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Archaeological field surveyVector potentialLevel (video gaming)DatabaseDecision theoryPresentation of a groupMathematical analysisData managementLocal GroupDifferent (Kate Ryan album)View (database)Point (geometry)Group actionService (economics)Function (mathematics)SoftwareLocal ringPower (physics)Web serviceExpert systemSoftwareCartesian coordinate systemFunctional (mathematics)Open sourceResultantLevel (video gaming)Direction (geometry)Service (economics)Multiplication signUsabilityMassArchaeological field surveyWave packetComputer programmingLine (geometry)Expert systemVariety (linguistics)Group actionVolume (thermodynamics)Presentation of a groupInformationFlow separationVapor barrierCivil engineeringMathematical analysisMoore's lawVarianceCASE <Informatik>Internet service providerDivisorContext awarenessDatabaseData managementOcean currentBoss CorporationTwitterUniverse (mathematics)Product (business)Arithmetic meanBitMetropolitan area networkProjective planeDuality (mathematics)Computer virusExecution unitObject (grammar)
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Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:00
To wait, everyone, my name is Haoyi. And today I'm going to present our project is exploring the barriers and the opportunity for the GIS applications. It has been six years, actually, since the appearance of the GIS. But one of the common problems is that the adoption rate is still a little bit lower
00:24
than the normal level. The problem mainly is because the GIS really depends on different subjects. So people have to integrate the GPS with their expertise that make everything difficult.
00:40
So we're really interested in what is the current application of the GIS, what is the barriers for such kind of users when they use the GIS. So with the technology evolution, what we really want to know is current technology that can be used to break in the barriers for the GIS.
01:04
This is a cooperation project between Horizon Digital Research Institute and Ordnance Survey. And actually, for this project, I was sent to the Ordnance Survey for around three weeks.
01:23
And we designed the questionnaires. We asked around 30 students and staff in two institutions and make surveys around them. We get some results. And we just want to remind some important results to you.
01:46
Firstly, I want to introduce why GIS is difficult for the lowest users and where the barriers come from. As you can see from this graph, GIS is really a multidisciplinary subject.
02:03
It is really tightly related to a lot of things. You can see the software has many softwares that you have to use for the different subjects. Also data, a huge amount of data and different data models. And also the methods that refer to the GIS special methods.
02:24
People are always strange about this type of method. Also people. People are quite important factors in using GIS. It's because GIS depends on what type of application you want to use. You have to master different level of expertise for GIS.
02:42
So that makes people sometimes difficult to master in such kind of knowledge. Also hardware is quite important because from the starting of the GIS, the hardware is continuing evolution. But because data is still continuing growth,
03:05
the current hardware still cannot afford some of the applications. We're really quite interested in who the user is and what kind of applications they are using.
03:22
And also we want to know is what is the barriers when they're doing such kind of application and is any opportunities that we could do to improve the experience of the GIS. We investigate some miniatures.
03:41
We're trying to find out the applications of GIS. We mainly investigate four domains, including the government, transportation, commercials, public, and education. And surprisingly, we found that the application domains is continue to grow.
04:01
Maybe 60 years ago, it's very failed players in this domain, but right now, nearly every domain will use GIS who are related to the geographic information. We're trying to investigate the barriers
04:22
that we found in the past. Actually, it's quite various. This lack of training, that's for the people's factors, lack of funding for the research factors. Also, the purpose of the GIS, the cooperators, and their work is quite interesting,
04:42
which resulted in the barriers of the GIS users. That means that in the past, there's too less such kind of a simple like conference workshops for the users to mastering such kind of knowledge, technology. And also, we found some technical barriers.
05:02
For example, the software side and data side, that's a quite important one because in the past, there lack such kind of softwares and also data is quite a big problem. Software usability is that the problem of the GIS software
05:21
because maybe the software developed by the long expert in usability, GIS usability, so people will find that some of the software interfaces quite difficult to operate and cannot find the menus and also the windows, something like that.
05:42
So how could we cross these barriers? We found people, we're trying to investigate a field of participants from two groups. One group was from the University of Nottingham, one group was from Oden survey. From the University of Nottingham, we mainly investigated the students.
06:02
From Oden survey, we investigated the staff, mainly the research staff from the user group, usability group. From the two groups, they're around one third for the beginners, that means that they have never touched with GIS before.
06:20
And one third is the trained users, that means they have maybe one, two, three years experience of GIS. We also have the investigates the experts in GIS, that means they have more than five years experience in GIS. The background varies, including just special transport,
06:41
civil and jail sense. This is the investigate results that we got. If we divide the factors in two groups, as we divided before, the usability data and software size, that means the technical factors. And with the founding network training and the variances,
07:01
that's organizational barriers, we found that it's really varies the results. But if we draw a line, that means we draw a line to cut this percentage, we found that the usability side, funding side, training and variances are higher than the variety level.
07:20
But the data software is a bit lower. We found that the most important one is training. Most people answered that training maybe is the most important things for them because they never get trained, and also they never got any useful material
07:42
for the beginners if they just stutter for the GIS. So that is quite important, I think, for the GIS side to provide the beginner's information to them. And also the awareness is that we investigate some people,
08:02
they are not aware that GIS can provide such kind of function to them. Even they want such kind of function, but they're not aware GIS can provide. So that is also important side for the beginners. Usability side is interesting,
08:21
we investigate the people who use the GIS. They found that maybe this commercial software provide a better usability because they can check the information online, and also everything is indicated directly. But open source, they found it's quite difficult
08:41
to find some of the functions because the manuals and maybe the programs is a little bit difficult. So we also investigate the use of the GIS. Not surprisingly, my presentation is a major one.
09:02
Most of them use GIS for my presentation. And majority of them also understand the knowledge, for example, the GIS special analysis and database management. But I think less people understand that GIS can do the same support things.
09:22
They even just think GIS is a sense to present the maps, presents objects, but they cannot understand the GIS can integrate things and do some same support things. We also investigate several group leaders from all in survey, including the customer service
09:44
and post-sale support group. These two groups, many faced the general users of the GIS because they will use all the survey map product. The user lead group understand more
10:02
about the usability of the GIS for the users. So they can provide more information regarding to the usability. We also investigate some technical researchers and academic researchers in University of Nottingham about their suggestions for the research direction
10:21
of the GIS and how to reduce the barriers for the current technology. This is just a few summarized results. Most people think that GIS right now, for the beginners, is not easy to use and they have to learn the case skills.
10:43
And second one is that they find that most users, if they use the GIS, they just use for the very beginning of very easy applications. Regarding to the complex applications,
11:01
they have to refer to programming and some difficult things that makes the users feel frustrated and difficult to continue their use of the GIS. And also, I think GIS, because it refers to a much simpler knowledge and really the professional knowledge is quite important.
11:22
But this means that they have to take quite a lot of time to learn the knowledge that makes sense difficult. We found interesting things is in ordinary survey group that the professional users, they found that the current computing power is quite difficult to afford to some of the applications.
11:44
Particularly, the applications referred to the massive data volume. For example, the data relate to the whole of the global, but they have to deal with that. And also, I think the long experts,
12:01
if they want to move forward, they have to use the very detailed technical documents, but for open source and some of the commercial products, it's quite difficult to provide a very detailed document for the users.
12:21
Regarding to our discussion, we provide several solutions, but I think it still gets some limitation and constraints. The first one is open source GIS, we get quite large of GIS and it's very, very good for the education purpose because it's transparent for the code
12:41
and you can demonstrate how to use the GIS or how the GIS is structured for the beginners. But in the province, as I mentioned, it's documents and GIS is low cost so that can be used for different group, even for the commercials,
13:00
that's a good benefit. And also, it's easy to expandable for the projects. I think this is quite good for some projects that need to integrate GIS. As open data, I think open data is quite important to take care.
13:24
Currently, the OpenStream map can provide very good quality data from the previous data, it's around 70s coverage of the OpenStream map, but the data quality is still a problem, but it can be free to download, free to use,
13:42
that at least solves the problem of the data in some degree. Also, the cost, I think, is quite reduced because you don't need to pay for the data. Regarding to the Ordnance Survey, they have the commercial product, but it's quite expensive for some users.
14:02
Currently, it provides open data, like open space, so it can release some free data to the people. Another thing is cloud computing. This is for one of the leads, which needs very powerful computation.
14:21
The cloud computing is really a potential direction that can be used for the GIS, so you can promote the GIS remotely, and the people can compute their applications remotely. That can reduce the cost, because you can share the resources, share data online with others as well.
14:47
Thank you very much, and this is my research. Thank you. Any questions?