Digital Sovereignty Driving Open Source in Germany and Europe
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Foss Backstage 202112 / 45
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Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:05
Let's go to it. The content is a little bit, I will talk about this and I will start with the history and the economy and then digital sovereignty, sample is GAIA-X and there are a lot of other initiatives which are worth mentioning at the moment.
00:23
A disclaimer, it's a little bit long so I will not read everything. So I am not working in the public sector. I'm just doing everything there for free. At the moment I make my money with Kubernetes and especially Kubernetes security. So this is enough to do a little bit of free work
00:43
in the public sector because it needs it and it is still in the Kubernetes direction. And I will explain what I'm doing in the moment when it's important. So a little bit of history.
01:01
I was part of the team in 2001 which promoted Zuse in the Deutsche Bundestag. We had partial success and what we had to learn the hard way is that they are not interested in technology, at least at this time, nobody was interested. Zuse was a Nuremberg-backed company
01:22
and not even the member of parliament of that area and of the party have been any interest for Zuse. And we had a partial success means IBM made some money, Zuse made some news or the headlines and then finally we received the notice
01:43
that it has been stopped by a hard lobbyist who is a member of the Atlantic bridge, lobbying the cars, the defense industry. So never before I've met people with such a destructive power.
02:02
And also it's a public sector, open source developed quite well from the very early beginnings when cars computer club in 1981 has been funded, everything was there, but they did not coin it or frame it as digital sorority. But if you read the manifest, it's very close to this.
02:25
We had a lot of conferences here, partially organized by the team or the predecessor of the team, which is giving the conference here. We had the Linux stack, chemnets and Brussels, the first time. And in 2002, 2006, then Amazon started to become big
02:45
and wanted to have this cloud like business. And they adopted Linux because it was all cheaper. So one of the first really huge commercial adoptions was quite nearly 20 years ago. Today, we have a lot of organizations available
03:05
and as you might've noticed, all the startups in Berlin or the not any more startups, like Zalando, Immobilien Scout, all the, all the bigger things, I cannot name them all, are using open source software. Kind of, they are promoting open source,
03:22
they have an inner source program and it's working quite well. If we talk about economy, we have to know the standard pattern. So that's making money capital accumulation and general pattern is to privatize the profits
03:43
and socialize the losses. So this is one of these common patterns, which we really don't like, but it's, you will face it everywhere. And you have a politics of interest, which is not even easy to explain in English because politics of interest is always economical framed in English.
04:02
So it's kind of lobbyists. You have a lot of psychology, psychology, greed, fat and all the other things and important, it's all, sometimes it's important to know what is not mentioned. So this is called the De Rida deconstruction.
04:20
I will present the slides with all the links in it and we will see what this means in a few minutes. Does money make open source go wrong? Here is a list of the last acquisitions in the open source business. So public open source companies have been bought but biggest one is Red Hat bought by IBM, 34 billion.
04:46
Zuza is rumored that it will have an IPO this year, about 6 billion. Docker failed to get acquired by Microsoft because they didn't want it. Rancher has been acquired by Zuza and so on.
05:01
We have hundreds of millions of acquisitions in open source. So it looks like it is a big business. But on the other side, if you look which companies had most profit of open source, Apple was a BSD kernel, Microsoft, which is using canonical or Google software in its cloud, Amazon and Google,
05:22
they are thousands of millions. So in Germany, we have this billion and American, it's trillion, so don't mix it. And if you compare to the next bigger companies like Tesla, SAP or in Germany, their factor of 10 compared to the open source companies,
05:43
factor of 50 bigger than the open source company. So a billion in open source looks big but compared to the big platforms or the hyperscalers, it's not a huge number. One side remark, Germany always is proud of having found the MP3 standard
06:02
but if you compare the money they earn by patents then compared to the value of Spotify, so the platform versus the patent business, it's a factor of 60. And other companies here in Berlin,
06:23
they have 2 billion and they are considered as large companies but compared to the hyperscalers, they are really small. And if you compare it to the money which has been owed by private households in Germany, this is now even bigger,
06:41
it's nearly 7 billion or trillion for the Americans money. So it's a huge number. So it doesn't look like that money is a problem but we have another problem here which is the investment is not really working well. So we are in the middle of the pandemic
07:02
and even the most prominent companies, QWEC and BioNTech, which are now big pharma business, they had difficulties to get money for their business. So they need to ask the government for investment and not the VC market.
07:21
So the VC market in Europe is completely defined. So all the companies which are successful are bought by other American funds. And this is a big problem here that we cannot really do the funding on that big scale. This is a reason why the American platforms
07:42
are so successful. We could do other things, of course, we could raise taxes on property or taxes on big platforms like Amazon but as already it has been mentioned that rising the taxes in Germany is quite hard.
08:02
And this is not capitalism by its own, by the way you have all so have big governmental investments which are going completely in the wrong direction. So what can we do on that? And compared to what is the value of open source? What are we contributing here?
08:21
And then here it only counts not the social aspect then not we are free developers. Sorry for that. I am ready very much with this aspect but here, if we look into the hard numbers, we see by the Linux Foundation survey, 35% of the developers are European based.
08:43
And we make a one third of the actual growth with the software in new products. And there's another study that until 95% of some of these products are open source effectively, there is a quarter of the growth directly related
09:04
to open source in Europe. So we have to claim this success and we have to also claim some back for this money or we already made. There's a newer study quantification which says we are making every year
09:23
in the open source business in Europe, 95 billion. So nearly a hundred billion per year is a contribution to the GDP. So this is a big number and this is now on the table and politics is really paying attention to it at the moment.
09:41
But his question is, do we pay the right attention? One of the guys in the German open source business is Rafael de Laguna. He founded OpenExchange where he was CEO. Now he is the founding director of the Sprint, Bundesagentur for Spring elevation
10:01
and he is promoting open source on the government level. There's an interview and what I very much like and what I don't like. For example, he is a pacifist at heart, I'm also. So if I'm not part of the open source business or one of the organizations,
10:20
because they have too much promoting for the military business. And the more or less tipping point was this 2019 in Leipzig where the Christian Democratic Party had their yearly party talks.
10:42
So they, and he could announce that open source is now the government politics. So the biggest party in Germany, which the longest tradition of governing has now adopted open source and they are framing a difference.
11:01
They are framing it digital as Wirtschaftswunder. So Wirtschaftswunder is one of the things you should smile on, but it's effectively, it's a miracle and it's a fairytale. So don't believe in fairytales, but it's a framing which says, okay, it's as relevant as it can be for the German economy.
11:25
There are other things everybody wants to be on that list, but this is more interesting for the German politics. And behind the scenes, there is another motivation for going open source. We have been, had this Trump administration for four years
11:45
and it really threatened the independence of Europe. And there have been sanctions on decisions if they are wrong or not, but the sanctions were not recognized
12:04
as a very positive sign. And they immediately started and this digital sovereignty, we will still have to define it took off. And yeah, the biggest thing which was never mentioned
12:20
in the official news was that there was a fear of a potential cloud boycott. So sources in the German government told me is that they have been afraid that not only the pipeline and technology boycotts
12:41
on the oil pipeline, not the data pipeline, the oil pipeline to Russia have been threatened. But also there was an embargo under the hood that Germany would be cut off the cloud. So no Amazon, no Google, no Facebook anymore.
13:05
So this was one real threat. And then they analyzed it. And there was a study, a strategic marked analysis reducing the dependency of software vendors.
13:20
And it came out, surprise, surprise, heavily depending on software vendors, on proprietary software vendors. Another thread in the blog is the data. So it's not only about open source, it's also about data.
13:41
And in 2014 and later, the frames is digital and data is a new oil. I absolutely hate this framing as a new oil because what it's effectively meaning, you can see here, you see, yeah,
14:02
what will be our deep water horizon. So this is not something which is predictable. It already has happened. We see a lot of breaches and where data is, somebody will try to catch it and to get out of it. And what we also see is that they commanded
14:22
a lot of things. So the official line of the government is not very unambiguous. So somebody says, yeah, we want to have everything free and anything in the same department,
14:43
they say, okay, we make this IT security, ITZ, that's a law which is effectively restricting our freedom. And for all the non-German, these German surveillance fantasies are propagating
15:02
to the European level and come back and then they go into law. This is not a very friendly approach on that. The role of the hyperscalers is very questionable. So you have seen the value is in the trillions
15:21
or German billions of money. And what we also don't like is that they are aggravating customer and partner data on a big scale. And Amazon is very famous for squeezing partners out of the business. And COVID doctor calls the Amazon ecosystem the kill zone.
15:43
So effectively our entire economy will be killed because of these business practices. And we had seen notorious GDPR violations, the cloud act and customers are forced into the cloud. For example, the office 365 disaster,
16:02
which is completely cutting us off from running our own version, even if we have paid for the proprietary solution. So this is not really something which is acceptable. And another thing which does not work
16:20
is everything about intellectual property. So intellectual property has failed on nearly every scale from very big, a few notes in music to Disney laws, to patents in the industry. So, and together with code and data,
16:44
this means who owns the code, who owns the data. I think this is an unsolvable problem. And this is all going to be addressed at the moment. We have intrinsic arguments here against intellectual property. So intrinsic means only business arguments.
17:04
It's an ineffective method of control. It's slow. It is not really giving us anything. You have seen the Fraunhofer MP3 example. Fraunhofer has split in several parts. There are parts say we cannot open source our code
17:21
because it weakens our patents. You see the entire framing at the moment is completely wrong. So other parts of Fraunhofer support open source and it's a transition. You see this kind of transition everywhere.
17:43
And this is one of the strategic market analysis. So they say in a PDF, yeah, we are depending on Microsoft and other software providers. Then this is something I'll just link it if you want to read it. But this is what we told them 20 years ago.
18:03
Okay, these are consultants. Yeah, they are paid a lot. And here is a positive thing. So now I will talk about digital sovereignty and sovereignty itself is quite difficult wording. So in the US,
18:20
sovereignty is related a little bit to extreme right. If you don't take care and in this case, digital sovereignty means the best definition I have seen here is from Peter Gunson. It's a concept that you as an individual, an organization or a state are allowed to determine
18:44
where you want to place your personal data and how it should be used. And this is something which is absolutely comfortable even to the chaos computer club. This is working in a way that we can say,
19:01
okay, this is a definition we can work on and this is a definition we can really use even in our contracts. And he has declared four principles. I think it's a little bit analog to the four freedoms of the GPL.
19:22
And yeah, you need the right to store the data wherever you want. And it should be, there should be standards. Standards should be open source. And the cloud services must be in a way that you follow the principles of the internet.
19:42
The open systems must be interconnected without the need and the concept of a central authority. And education is a big part of the concept. So you really need to educate people on it.
20:03
And then one of these outcomes was this project guide. So this is one is Minister Altmaier. So he's the Secretary of State in the Department of Business or of Economy and Energy. And they very much claimed here
20:23
we have this digital summit and now we are promoting it. And he's missing on this photo because he was so excited about this new step that he immediately had an accident and fall off the stairs and he was unable to attend.
20:42
What you also see is there is a lot of people here who not really contributed to the digital development of Germany. Worst guy is one of the official digital ministers
21:02
of telecommunication and traffic. And here is the reality in Germany, 70 kilometers away from this digital summit. So fastest way of transporting data is by horse with a DVD on it.
21:20
And by using the, by promoting the internet in Mecklenburg and the East Germany, they have effectively cut off the telephone lines because the line, the digital wireless networks,
21:41
phone network is so weak that you cannot carry voice over IP. And then some parts of Eastern Germany have really no access to the internet, which is a catastrophe in the times of a pandemic. Okay, the next step was, yes,
22:04
as Julia already mentioned, there is no single country which can govern open source process. So first invitation always goes to France. And so the outcome is an European initiative. So it's at the end, it will be an AISPL.
22:24
So it's by Belgian law, it's a association international so, but lucrative. And you have 22 founding members from the industry. So this means it's not a government run project anymore.
22:43
It's an industry run product. And this is very much constructed after the way and the German internet is constructed. So the D6 is also a German gemersenschaft. So it's also a nonprofit organization and they build all the backbones
23:02
and the internet traffic in Germany, it works quite well. And yeah, we will have 300 day one members, which means there is a big support by the German and the European industry. So it's really on an industrial scale.
23:23
You just see all the participants. I've worked for seven of them, not related with GAIX, but also this is more or less a good representation. But also this Palantir, it's not the Drupal Palantir,
23:42
it's a Palantir which is responsible for the civilians everywhere wanted to attend, which means we needed a clarification. So the clarification here is definitely is this, everybody has one vote. If you are in this AISPL and if you are Google
24:01
or if you are a small company, you have the same number of votes, which is exactly one. So if Palantir wants to join and they can join, then they have exactly one vote and cannot dominate. Even if the big cloud, the hyperscalers would attend,
24:21
they only would have one voice. So politics, we already mentioned what is GAIX. By the way, you see a lot of interesting colored slides and here it is about the data spaces. It's about connecting data and software and here is where I feel a little bit more family.
24:42
Effectively, it's an open stack cluster or some platform and there's kind of Kubernetes on top of it with all the network issues and the connections. So this is where I feel home in the GAIX project. So I know most of the technologies and this is quite an interesting technology stack.
25:06
It's quite complicated, but it works. And here you see what they intend. They want to have a federated system of independent clouds and they can have different levels from a very public level to a very isolated level
25:23
and they all can be interconnected in a very, very defined way. So your data can flow from your hospital into a cloud provider's data center in a very defined and protected flow. This is the intention behind it. And there is the sovereign cloud stack
25:41
which is more or less the hello world of GAIX. It is on GitHub and the people who brought it there are it's more or less the creme de la creme of the German open source. Developer so-called Galov is the main driver
26:01
and he was one of the co-developers at Zuse and Peter Gantt and the other also contribute a lot of the politics and code in this project. What else? There's a demonstrator, you can click it.
26:21
It effectively feels like Linux in 1991. So this makes me 30 years younger. So I like it, but it's definitely not finished yet, it will be available end of the year. We will have, there are already demonstrators how it works, so please try it out.
26:43
And if you are able to contribute, please contribute. Another thing which is quite interesting was the Corona app. So effectively the highest instance of computer securities is not an official institution,
27:03
but it's a chaos computer company. It has an absolutely virtual blocking power. So if they don't like your solution and can correct it in the live session, it's done. So it happened to the German EID's and here
27:21
with this activity in the German Corona app, they gain more or less the highest level of support. So chaos computer club said, we cannot complain. So this is more or less what you need.
27:42
And then the initiatives took off. So this is one, this is another of the German digital secretary of state is Markus Wichter, CIO Bund. He is more or less a CIO of the German government computing.
28:02
So, and he is driving a lot of initiatives. Christina Lange, she's a co-founder of tech for Germany. It's supported for another digital secretary of state. Council on the highest people in Germany support
28:21
at the moment open source. This is quite necessary because the biggest project I know of at the moment is the online access law. It's a law which requires that every country in Germany and every contributor puts one of these building blocks
28:45
of the entire German administration into an open source project. So this is a real, huge open source project. And it must, everything must be open source and it's based on Kubernetes. So you see a lot of microservices here.
29:01
And if you have ever worked in a bigger microservice problem, this means we have, you have a really huge distributed system, 600 services, which turns out to be whatever, a few thousands of different micro, different containers. There is, it enforces automatically
29:23
the different organizations, CICD pipelines, security process changes, everything you need. You have to address a tech record because this will be a first-class target. And this does not work with open source and everybody knows that it's not possible
29:43
to build this with proprietary solutions. So yeah, this is a standard control council. They complained a lot of the government in Germany. This is something I've been part of.
30:01
There will be a governmental code report not because we are not able to use GitHub, but because we have, as Julia already mentioned, we have to lower the barrier to contributions. This means it should be easy for everybody
30:22
in the German administration to contribute to code, to take code, and it should be legally compliant. And there should be everything integrable. It could be integrated in GAIX. It will be opened, of course. It will be another open source repository
30:43
where the German government hopefully will guarantee that this code, which is there, is compliant to all the rules and all the laws. And then it can be reused in Europe. And we will also reuse a lot of code from other European countries.
31:01
And already in the news is the planning for the center of digital sovereignty. I am, disclaimer, I'm under NDA, but what you can read in the news already, without me breaking the NDA, is that it will be a very huge OSPO and it will be,
31:23
have a lot of connections to all other OSPOs and open source projects without taking over open source projects. It cannot really control everything, but it will be a big and first stop for all projects which have relations
31:41
to the government in the near future. Another thing, personally, because I like also the approach of getting independent of the hardware dependencies, the RISC-V project is taking off in Europe
32:02
because NVIDIA has acquired ARM for 40 billion. It's hardware, therefore I did not mention it, Intel more or less is in a burnout state, but it's more or less not usable anymore in a security-aware environment. And RISC-V will be an independent architecture
32:22
because RISC-V architecture is under the PSD lease license so we can use it. And there are European initiatives, which will be hopefully in the next few years lead to completely independent hardware. So hopefully see processors, supercomputer processors,
32:42
which are faster than what we see at the moment from the big contributors in 2024. What is missing? Not everything is under open source and some of the promises are still broken.
33:02
Even the German health system, Gemantik, is delivering, but not everything, I think. And what is not delivered at the moment is the source code of the Bundesdruckenrei. They are responsible for all the passport systems and they try behind the scenes
33:20
because they are controlled by secret services in Germany to keep as much control as possible. And this will be, it's a little bit sad because some of these initiatives to get your passport on your mobile phone should and must be open source
33:42
and otherwise they will be broken. And I'm looking forward to the talks where somebody on stage is going to break it and to break out of the secure Samsung containers. It's a challenge, but what I've seen so far, there are people who will make a PhD thesis out of it.
34:05
So the conclusions at the moment. Yeah, open source is going big in business now and accepted by the government. We see a lot of progress. We are in the transition phase. We have many gaps.
34:21
Public sector is an absolutely brown field so there is no something. We can write new code from scratch. Projects are struggling, but not by technical issues. Even individual efforts can have a big impact. If you promote it to the right person, you will be invited to a board where you can decide.
34:44
So stay tuned. Fighting for this kind of data sovereignty is a big driver in the German government at the moment. We see a lot of progress, a lot of building areas and it's important. So yeah, that's what I wanted to tell you.
35:03
If you want to contact me, I will be in the break-all session after this. Let's go and I'm happy to hear your questions.
35:21
Thank you very much, Thomas, for your talk. Yes, actually there is one question. Maybe we can do that real quick before we go over to the breakout room. Someone asked, what do you think is the way forward? Is it projects like Gaia X or if it's not,
35:40
what do you think is missing at the moment? I think Gaia X is a big progress because now we can build our own cloud so we don't have to wear the t-shirts. The cloud is just another guy's computer. Now we will be able to build our own cloud in a separate environment. It's like Linux in 1991.
36:03
Nobody would have believed that somebody could clone the Unix kernel and make a public project out of it. Nobody would have believed it at the time, but it happened. And the complexity is immense, but we will handle it and we will run it. And the other things which are lacking, yeah, we will see, we have to,
36:22
now we can make the pressure. If the official institutions are on board and if somebody in the government asks, why is the software for your ID card not public, you need a reason for that.