Thank you, and thank you to the other presenters. It's been really enjoyable talks this morning. I have a mapping problem and have had for several years. I have been a GIS professional for over 30 years and have do a lot of open street map editing

in East Africa. I support the Tanzania Development Trust in our efforts to combat FGM. And we've done a tremendous amount of mapping there and making huge progress. In my day job, LiDAR,

which is high resolution topography data, has been a tremendous positive thing for the geospatial world. And so now we have the ability to take advantage of the LiDAR data in open street map. So I wanna give an example showing some edits I made

using JOSM, one of my local hikes. This is a, this map, the OSM data looks pretty correct in terms of the ortho imagery. And we're using Bing in this case and the map, the line work looked correct.

But never ever trust imagery because imagery, whether it comes from a satellite, from an airplane, a helicopter or a drone, in order to make it fit in and make it topographically or orthographically correct, the image has to be distorted. There is an ortho process that goes,

that imagery goes through, but it is essentially a rubber sheeting process. And here's the result of why not. So that first image, the trails were exactly at the peak of the summit. And in this case, the actual,

the summit was actually offset about 10 or 20 meters. And so before, later I then updated open street map to actually match the ground topography. LiDAR is similar to radar in that radar uses radio imagery to measure distance and LiDAR uses imagery or a laser.

And it's not just a matter of one or two light pulses, but every second 100,000 pulses are sent out and returned to a sensor on an airplane. And whenever you start talking 100,000 of anything,

it takes a lot of time and processing power. And so therefore it's only been in the last 20 or so years that the computers were really able to handle the amount of volume of data that received in from the LiDAR process. That those returns, you get a cloud of points

that are actually surveyed. And so every point that is returned is a surveyed location. And that's the key difference between LiDAR and resolution topography and ortho imagery. That every point location surveyed with an actual measurement.

You can, based on the reflectance, strip away the vegetation or infrastructure and have a bare earth digital elevation model. Or you can, and then the top surface or as a surface model, you can show the vegetation or in this case here in Switzerland, a neighborhood where you can see the houses

and the trees, and you can see that they all line up fairly well. There's a few deviations, but so this would be the surface model. And then here is the elevation model, which would be the ground with the infrastructure and vegetation stripped away.

Again, this just being in ID. So in terms of adding LiDAR for JOSM, you want to add a WMS service. And then I searched for the department of geology in Oregon has a WMS service for a hill shade.

And then you go through these steps to add them in as a WMS service in JOSM. And here's the larger steps. If you want to take a screen grab of this, and then I also have the ID text. I don't expect you to jot this down, but these are the steps. If you want to do a screen grab of that, this would be what you would use for JOSM.

And then this would be the result is now here we are in JOSM actually looking at the bare earth hill shade derived from LiDAR. And so the vegetation is stripped away and you can see that we've been able

to update the stream locations to accurately reflect their positional location, as well as the roads and then the coastline. And this has been pretty exciting for me. I do lots of hiking and notoriously, the USGS quads in the past were very poor

in terms of the positional location. And then GPS also has significant problems, especially when you get into a canyon area where you getting a good signal is difficult. And so with LiDAR, you can get a very good positional location. And so I have updated the entire Pacific Crest Trail

in Oregon and would say that it's within a meter or two of being the true location. So if you want to do a screen grab of this, it's pretty ugly. This is how you would add the WMS service for the Oregon LiDAR in ID.

And with that, I will conclude.