Generation O – scaling open practices in Higher Education
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Transcript: English(auto-generated)
00:02
Good morning, Guten Morgen, and welcome again, Moin Moin from Northern Germany. My name is David Patrician, and once again, it's my great honor and pleasure to be your host for day three of the Open Science Conference today. Yeah, before we get started, a few quick things. First of all, Professor Klaus Tuchtermann
00:21
and the entire ZBW team, they wanted to extend their welcome for the third day. And also to let you know this afternoon, we have a fantastic panel discussion dealing with open science in a time of global crisis. And that panel discussion will be moderated by Klaus Tuchtermann, the director of ZBW. So that's really something
00:40
to look forward to this afternoon. Also before I begin, we were talking about it in our warmup this morning. And again, always a big thank you to our two technicians, Zachary and to Ricardo for making everything look and sound so good. And we wanted to say a big congratulations. In case you were watching it here in Germany, it was in the evening around the world,
01:01
probably different times, where we had on Mars, the rover Perseverance Land, and absolutely, Genzehaupt we say in German, I'm forgetting my English here, goosebumps, really something really fantastic to watch. And congratulations to all the astronaut scientists. The mission was led by NASA, but also many other countries,
01:20
including the European Space Agency played also a really important role in this. And yeah, it really is a great example of how teamwork, scientists, people coming together and working for a positive thing. And I highlight that because we need good news, especially in 2021. So congratulations to everyone and looking forward to seeing what kind of information
01:41
and what we all learn about Mars and how that information will be spread around. Of course, probably with open data as playing a part or a big role of that. Okay, and as promised, I always like to start off with a little bit of fun. We had two quiz questions yesterday. So with the motto of learning something new every day,
02:02
I wanted to say, what is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature? And the answer there was mercury. And the second question is, what is the first element on the periodic table? And that was hydrogen. I actually had to go back and look that up. As a kid, we always used to study the periodic table.
02:20
So hope you enjoyed a little bit of fun with that quiz question. Yeah, and I also had one more organizational thing dealing with appointments. I wanted to remind everyone, you can schedule appointments, for example, with the speakers that you could not meet in the meet the speaker sessions or with poster presenters. And you can schedule meetings with up to six people.
02:42
So you still have the chance to do that. Just go to the attendee hub and you can go ahead and make appointments because we wanna try to be as interactive as possible. Okay, I've got that out. Take a deep breath here. As you can tell, I'm a little bit excited. It is day three and we just landed on Mars. So I am very excited. But we are now ready to get to begin
03:02
with day three of the Open Science Conference. And once again, it is a great honor. We have two distinguished guests with us this morning. We'll be hearing from Marta Sybil Kessler, as well as from Leonard Volz. And I wanted to begin by giving a brief introduction about Marta. Marta is with the Stiftverband Germany
03:22
and the Stiftverband in English, I guess we would call it the Donors Association. And they primarily act as a thought leader and provide financial support to actors in academia that develop bottom up solutions. The Inoski Future Lab program works with multidisciplinary teams
03:42
and utilizes innovation methods to develop solutions for the most pressing challenges in education, science, as well as innovation. Marta's talk today is titled Generation O, Scaling Open Practices in Higher Education. How can we help open pioneers, innovators,
04:02
and activists change the higher education system? Among other things, she will reflect on ways of how open practices can be strengthened to become a powerful tool to make research and science more accessible in all arenas and in society. It has really been a common theme these past few days,
04:21
transparency and accessibility. And I hope we have good access now to Marta. Marta, hello, can you hear and see me okay? Hello, yes, good morning. Good morning. Can you tell us where you are? I believe it's somewhere in Germany. Yes, I'm in Berlin actually. Ah, the capital, the Hauptstadt, wonderful. And I know there are many, many things to do and see in Berlin, maybe one personal highlight for you
04:42
before we begin with your talk. Yes, absolutely. So what I love about Berlin, I guess, is that it's an international city and a big city and you get the energy you would expect from it, but it's also a very green city. And my personal highlight, it's Templehofer Felt, which is the old airport. And it's just a huge green area
05:03
and everyone is having a lot of fun there and enjoying life and this is very delightful. It is beautiful. It's almost like a central park of Berlin with a lot of history surrounding it. Okay, thank you very much for sharing that. So without further delay, it is my great pleasure to introduce Marta and her talk Generation O, Scaling Open Practices in Higher Education.
05:22
Marta, the digital stage is yours. Yes, thank you so much, David, for the introduction and obviously a big shout out also for the team that organized the conference, very much appreciated and thank you so much. I'm very excited to talk to you today about possibilities, how we could scale open practices
05:44
in higher education by supporting Generation O, meaning openers, pioneers, innovators and activists. So we are InnoSci and we are an initiative by Stuftwaffe Band, a journal organization like David said
06:01
and we are supported and funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and we are also part of the High Tech Strategy 2025 by the German government. And our approach is that we want to link open science and open innovation, bring them together in order to really unleash or uncover the potential
06:24
of an open innovation culture. And with COVID-19, we have seen that this is more important than ever because obviously we need science and research to increase our knowledge on the virus, but also we need to really work and yeah,
06:44
work together across the disciplines, across the sectors, for example, to find a cure, to produce a vaccine and we also have to work together in order to inform political decision-making and also to get buy-in by the people.
07:00
So we, well, our approach is we really support openness by design, meaning we have to think about openness starting with the skillset, starting with the individuals, but also to think about open methodologies we can use for research and also thinking
07:22
about how can we design successful organizations and obviously how can we shape our political systems and framework so that we are really supported and funded in a good way to support open research and innovation because we believe only with openness
07:41
and a very strategic approach on that, we can manage systemic innovation requirements like we see with COVID-19 right now, we can link existing knowledge more effectively, we can improve trust in research, we heard that quite a couple of times and obviously we can also increase relevance
08:01
and impact of science and innovation to make it really work for us as a society and to make a difference here on that side. So generation O, how can we support them in a good way? We believe that it's the individual
08:20
that makes a difference. So if we want to see a shift in open science, we have to look at the individual who is the driver. So here on my picture, you see Margaret Hamilton, a fine individual, she worked as a data scientist and she invented the computer code
08:41
that helped us to land on the moon and by the way, or by chance, she also was responsible to invent the software system itself. So we wouldn't sit here today and have a digital conference if it wouldn't be for her and probably we couldn't do open science, we are doing it right now
09:01
if there wouldn't be her as a strong individual and openness innovator or an innovator herself and it's the same with COVID-19 here in Germany. Right now we are pretty proud that the two founders of BioNTech grew up in Germany and there's quite a bit of storytelling going around, how they really believed in their mission
09:22
and how this move the needles to make a difference. So what can we do to support individuals? So based on this key assumption, we as InnoSci and Stiftverband, we developed an innovation lab
09:41
called InnoSci Future Lab Program where we invited 12 openness innovators and practitioners to work with us in a curated design thinking process. So we came together for two sprints where we really tried to explore the ecosystem
10:00
and the field of open science and open practices in higher education to understand the issues individuals are facing to understand why can't we scale open science, open practice in an easy way like we would like to see it. And we conducted interviews and then we worked on a set on possible solutions
10:24
to give advice and some help how to really escape or support generation O. So here I brought you our design team who worked on the process and you can see that we have a broad and wide set of backgrounds
10:41
but each of them are working on supporting openness in their specific fields. Is it open innovation or open access or how can we increase impact? And with the help of the design team, we were able to create a 360 degree perspective to really understand the problem
11:02
and then to think about good solutions. So what are the potential needs and fields of actions if we think about openness innovators and pioneers? So we regard open science as a wicked problem.
11:22
Wicked problems are hard problems because if they would be easy, I guess we would practice open science everywhere already. And so wicked problems are defined through a couple of things. So it's very hard for them to,
11:41
well, they are complex, first of all. They are multi layers. There aren't clear responsibilities if you want to solve them. And obviously you need to really change behavior and there are unforeseen results and consequences
12:01
if you want to move them. And if you regard that or if we utilize this as a lens, the wicked problem to look at open science, it becomes very clear what the challenges are and why there are a couple of hurdles we have to overcome.
12:22
So when we did our analysis and tried to understand higher education and the challenges for open science, it became obvious that there are many players and stakeholders involved. And there are many interdependencies. And we have identified three main groups
12:42
and that's very high level obviously, but we see open policy makers who really shape the system and create the framework where we are working in. Then we have enablers. These are people who work in supporting roles
13:01
in particular at university. So that could be poor people, for example, working for an open access office. And then we have the innovators who really practice open practice and move the needle here on the impact by doing so. So I brought you a couple of quotes
13:24
because we believe that we have to understand the individuals to really understand the problem so if you follow the design thinking process, you need to understand the problems to then think about the solutions.
13:43
So it's important not to jump into solutions straight away, but first understand the perspective of the other person and get in their shoes. And so we have the openness innovators and I will read out some quotes for you. So we hear people saying, if we put a focus on quality, research will be better off.
14:05
I believe we all think that. It depends very much on individual peoples. Open science topics are referred from A to B and no one feels responsible. We didn't get the tools we needed from the university.
14:22
There's no support and we cannot convince deniers with the openness argument, rather it makes sense to find suitable solutions to the problem of skepticism. And then finally, we have given up hope that the German Research Foundation will impose top-down open science requirements.
14:44
So if we look at the perspective of open enablers, so again, people who support open practice and innovators, we heard them saying open science became part of the university's strategy because there was funding for it.
15:00
I would like us to do open science, not only for the sake of money. And then we heard that a couple of times in other presentations over the last two days, younger researchers in particular are more open to open science while their older colleagues are skeptical. They asked why they should publish their research data at all.
15:22
Then we also heard we need new job profiles and technical know-how. Finally, an enabler said, we must not simply provide infrastructure and resources that create experimental spaces where things can be dried out, where people can work together.
15:42
And then obviously we have the policy makers and here it's important if we look at policy makers, these are people who are in decision makers or at university, but also in administration and in politics. And so we heard them saying,
16:00
in open science, I have always signaled, do what you think is right. As university management, I did not take this on board. And then Rectorarts don't know what their open science experts are doing. Two parallel worlds exist there. Open science arrives at university leadership
16:20
and it's delegated elsewhere. And then we heard from people working in the administration and in the ministry saying, open science must be demanded by science so that politics can act as catalyst. We are only a few employees for open science in the ministry.
16:41
It is complicated to reconcile all interests. So if we look at these personal individual quotes, it obviously it's easy to also make assumptions about the systemic challenges
17:01
and also to think and develop some solutions. So in general, we can see on a systemic level, there's a lack of knowledge about open science among policy makers. There's a lack of strategic anchoring at the university management. There's non-systemic identification and promotion
17:23
and structures and hierarchy makes it very difficult for innovators to even get through with their concerns. And the innovators themselves, they have obviously their limits to their individual commitment. And it's a very high time commitment that is even required to get new knowledge and skills
17:45
and open science. And obviously we heard that a lot as well. It's not rewarded by the scientific reputation system, which is a huge problem. On the other hand, we have a lack of know-how, job profiles at university levels are not updated
18:03
and a funding policy is not aligned with open practices at all, which is difficult as well. So, sorry, I think my slides skipped. I will go through it very quickly.
18:24
So what are possible solution and opportunities we can recommend for policy makers to really dive into these issues? So there are a couple that we can point out
18:40
because we see that we have to incorporate open practices into job profiles and staffing decisions if we want to make a difference. We want to professionalize open practices through structure, services, budget. And we also have to promote a culture of innovation
19:01
in the administration and ministries themselves to make the difference and move the needle. And we have also to build a better open standard of open practices and the knowledge and skills across all sectors, not only in higher education, but also in school and also in the economic sector
19:24
when we want to think across all sectors. And then obviously we have to think about better ways to appreciate open innovators and to consider their concerns and then utilize them as experts to co-design policies
19:41
and align funding policies as well with their specific needs. So there are a couple of starting points that we identified with our project. So very hands-on solutions for people who work
20:02
in higher education and who are in a position to make a difference and support Generation O. So we can open up spaces and promote exchange between open practitioners. We have to recognize and support innovators
20:21
and we also have to expand their knowledge and skillset and enabling learning and experimentation in higher education in general. And then obviously we have to create strategies and shape organization on a broader level.
20:40
So the design team in FutureLab, they came up with three prototypes that can be utilized at higher education to promote Generation O. And one is a self-assessment tool and maturity model for open practices that helps decision-makers and leadership at university
21:03
to really understand where do we stand with open practices at our organization and what could be tools and things we could do to move the needle. And we will pilot this prototype this year and also work with universities to really make it
21:22
bulletproof and then scale it also to an international level to utilize it to better understand what is the ecosystem and how do we have to assess that. Then the design team designed an incubator for strengtheners, open science
21:40
and also scaling problem solving competencies. And there will be a toolbox where we can learn about what can we do in higher education to really invite people or have people from all sectors who come to the university and have a program in residence where we can learn from each other.
22:00
And the third prototype that was developed by the team is an elective learning module which is a certificated online course where again, people from all sectors come together and co-design the content to really combine research and practice.
22:22
So these are some concepts that we will scale but then obviously the question is so what could leadership or policy makers do straight away in a very easy manner to make a difference in higher education? And so we captured here a couple of ideas
22:42
and recommendation. And the first one is to include open science activities and capabilities in grant and appointment criteria and also use it as a tool for career development at universities. And then obviously it's important to provide human
23:01
and technical support structures and then promote the acquisition of knowledge on the part of researchers and science managers. Then one opportunity is to really gain access to external or internal knowledge carriers through interdisciplinary teams, job rotation fellowships.
23:23
It's an opportunity to strengthen major science at your university and then very important to strengthen creativity and innovation through working methods. So you could, for example, like design thinking that we use to come to our solution,
23:41
you could introduce that to your working culture or agile working methodologies, et cetera, pay pay. And then it would be an easy way to move the needle to create local or digital meeting spaces by event that could be conferences like we are on right now or a hackathons
24:01
but also very low key lunch breaks where creatives come together and you learn from their needs and they learn from each other. And then obviously you can increase visibility and appreciation if you introduce rewards, et cetera. So I come to the end.
24:23
So what's now? Actually, the future is now and we are all in to it together because everyone who was on the conference today obviously is generation O and we can support each other. And there are so many great projects and initiatives going on.
24:41
And if we keep pushing, then we also can change the system as an individual, but also on a systemic level. And I'm really looking forward to doing that together with you. And yes, I would like to invite you to join our online community
25:00
and I'm calling all creators to really join forces and let's move the needle together. Thank you so much. Thank you very much, Marta. I have to say the presentation was excellent and we already have many, many questions. So I'm just gonna cut the small talk and go straight to the questions.
25:20
We have a few minutes to answer a few of them. Let me start off with the first question. Do you know of any statistics studies that show that young researchers are more open to OS and how does this openness show concretely? Right, so they are actually, it's more a gut feeling. And I think obviously we don't do researchers
25:43
who are in the system for a very long time justice. If you just say it's a young people, it's actually not quite correct. It's a broad spectrum of people who really support open science, open practice, openness, but it's sometimes easier to see it more.
26:00
We see it more often with younger people who really push for it and are very energized about it as well. Very good. Our next question, how much do open innovation practices have in common with open science practices? Yeah, so, I mean, there are always huge discussion
26:23
that we can't just pretend that open innovation and open science are the same and they are not, but we really believe there are open practices like open data, for example, that we see along the research process
26:41
and the innovation panel that work for both concepts where we could say, well, we have open data, research and science are doing it and we can really utilize the data for increase our knowledge base and to impact society, but it also goes the other way around. So also companies can work open data
27:04
and they have data that we could utilize to really build on research and to help society to get informed in a better way. And so I think there are some areas that we have to think about in separate boxes,
27:21
but there are many approaches and practices that really work for open science and open innovation. And if we link that and we create a community where we can really collaborate across the disciplines, across the sectors, then we get this sweet point where we really can move the needle and we benefit as a society.
27:42
Yeah, excellent. Our next question, how can we support OS practices in younger learners in grade school? Yeah, actually I think this is probably the starting point. We already should think about creativity, innovation, open practices when we think about our school system.
28:03
And I think it really, again, start with generation O. I mean, if we have teachers who really make sure that concepts where you collaborate are strengthened and supported at school, then we can already learn it there.
28:21
But it's usually, I mean, we know it from our own school that sometimes it's more like these testing scenarios. You have to know things and you have to come up with the right answer yourself. But I think there's already a lot going on where kids in school already learn how to collaborate.
28:42
And yeah, I think it's definitely the system that we need to change and we have to push for an open innovation culture and creativity and openness as something that is really valued. And yeah, we have a learning culture on that. Absolutely good.
29:00
Correct in everyday life as well. I agree. We have a great question from Carolina Doran. The question is how to convince senior members of my Institute about open science. They have established carriers and are in a very comfortable position. What do they gain from it? In other words, can you give me an elevator pitch I can use to convince them?
29:23
Yeah, I mean, I think we heard one of the quotes that I read out to you is that it's not, you can't really convince people who are deniers or skeptical about it. It's more you really need to think what do they want and what do they need? So what is it that the leadership team wants and needs?
29:44
Is it maybe more visibility? Is it maybe create research partnerships? Is it new ideas? And I think when you find, again, the sweet spot, then it's easier to say, oh, well, I have a solution and openness or open science, open practices, open innovation could be the answer
30:02
for exactly the problem you have. Because yeah, we can tap into the collective brain power of people and the collective brain power you might have in your organization. And there might be already solutions that you can utilize for the new problem you just found and mentioned.
30:22
Gotcha, thank you very much. We have a lot of questions, but I'm gonna try to go to two or three more real quick. Fantastic round here. The next question is, do you have any examples of self-assessment tools for OS? Yeah, so actually this is what we want to develop right now. And this is the tool I also presented.
30:43
And as I said, there will be a pilot phase and then it will be also provided to the community so that everyone can utilize the self-assessment tool to understand where do I stand with my open practices? Where does my organization stand? And hopefully at one point we also can see
31:02
where our different countries are right now with open practices, and then we can make a comparison and learn from each other. Very good. Next question, related to the question on young researchers versus old researchers, isn't it also a question of research fields, some fields being more open than others?
31:23
Yes, that's absolutely true. I think every field, there are opportunities to be open, but obviously there are some fields where there's much more pressure and sometimes it seems to be easier if we are data driven, for example, than if you work in the social science,
31:41
but obviously that's true. And again, it's just the gut feeling of the person we interviewed saying that it's the younger people are doing much more. I think that shouldn't be a generalization at that point. I think we are all generational. Yeah, I totally agree with you on that. This next question, I contribute,
32:02
it's from Robbie Morrison, let me start with that. I contribute to an open energy modeling community, open mod of some 400 plus members. Our biggest barrier is the EU database directive 96 slash nine slash EC, creating legally encumbered public data sets.
32:21
Can you comment? I'm not familiar with that. Are you familiar with that? Yeah, so I mean, I can comment on that. The legal issues are usually a huge barrier and often we see that if we really talk about cooperation, collaboration, research partnership, it's a huge undertaking to really clarify
32:42
the legal question before we even start working together. And obviously on the EU base, that's the case as well. And I think we still have to do a lot of work there. And I think there it's again, something that where politics and administration has to find good solutions where we create safe spaces,
33:02
but also utilize the opportunity. And it's a lot about trust as well. And we could also think about standard formats that we could utilize to really, yeah, move the needle again on that. But yeah, we hear that all the time and it's a huge problem.
33:21
And there are many individual questions and not one solution fits at all. Okay, super. Time for two more quick questions. I'd ask you also to keep, you've been fantastic, but keep the answers as short as possible. Is open and innovation a different way of defining what companies see as pre-competitive spaces?
33:41
What is the role universities can play in creating such space, such places? Can you repeat? So the question is that- Sure, I'll read it again. Is open and innovation a different way of defining what companies see as pre-competitive spaces?
34:02
What is the role universities can play in creating such places? Yeah, I think actually it's all about creating space for experimentation. And I think university can really play a major role in providing these spaces there. I mean, already existing many innovation hubs,
34:22
for example, at university where people come together and companies are invited, or we have campus where companies provide spaces where maybe also university players come in. But I think it's always good if university or higher education goes in a leading role on that,
34:43
because it's obviously a little bit more neutral than when companies think about open innovation. But actually, again, I think there are areas where it's not only about competition also with companies. Nowadays, it's really companies
35:00
also have a social responsibility and they have a need to play a role in really shaping our future. And if we think about the new innovation fields like mobility, for example, or if we think about energy, et cetera, it becomes clear it can't be just a competitive thing that companies work on.
35:22
It's something where we have to involve the society, we have to involve university, we have to involve research, science. And again, I think we need to experiment more, lay more in this field. And yes, I think universities are in the neutral that.
35:42
Marta, the last question, and I think you'll enjoy this question. Would you say more about your online community? Is it international and how can we join? Yes. So right now it's actually German based, but we are very happy to, we want to be international. And I'm actually hoping that this maybe today
36:02
is the starting point. And so you will find our community. So it's an online community. You will find it on our homepage. And yeah, shoot me an email if you have any question or join, and then we will invite you and you can participate. It's really about a community driven effort
36:22
where we create, the community creates what's going on there. Super, thank you very much, Marta. Can I ask you a quick question? We have the Meet the Speakers happening here in German time, Central European time at 12.15. Will you be there for that as well? I will be there and I'm looking forward to more, more questions and a broad discussion
36:42
and many ideas also from you what we could do better and where we can make a difference. Fantastic. Then as is our tradition here, we want to give you a digital round of applause from around the world. Thank you very much. A great way to start off our day three,
37:01
really a fantastic presentation. And yeah, I also just got the numbers in. We have almost 200 attendees this morning. So I think you've reached a really good audience and yeah, congratulations, great job. If you can't stick around for our second talk for this morning.