The EU has been pushing for apps that support end-to-end encrypted messaging to contain an upload filter, which will scrutinise material for prohibited content before it's encrypted. This is the latest in a long line of attempts to maintain government access to data despite cryptography. In this talk, I will try to put them in context of the last two crypto wars and assess the costs their efforts have imposed on our economies. I'll finally ask what strategic direction democratic governments might take in the coming tussles with China.