Reaction kinetics 101 - Rate law, half life and energy profile of simple reactions
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| Number of Parts | 12 | |
| Author | 0000-0002-4319-5413 (ORCID) | |
| License | CC Attribution 3.0 Germany: You are free to use, adapt and copy, distribute and transmit the work or content in adapted or unchanged form for any legal purpose as long as the work is attributed to the author in the manner specified by the author or licensor. | |
| Identifiers | 10.5446/46040 (DOI) | |
| Publisher | 0000-0002-4319-5413 (ORCID) | |
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| Producer | 0000-0002-4319-5413 (ORCID) | |
| Production Year | 2020 | |
| Production Place | Jülich |
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Physical Chemistry Basics10 / 12
00:00
Mortality rateChemistProcess (computing)DörrenProlineOctane ratingMeeting/Interview
00:13
ChemistryChemistChemical reactionSurface finishingReaktionskinetikBase (chemistry)CobaltoxideOctane ratingTopicityEnzymkinetikProcess (computing)River deltaElectronegativityErdölraffinationSpontaneous combustionKnallgasMeeting/Interview
01:20
ChemistryChemical reactionCobaltoxideDistickstoffpentoxidWursthülleConcentrateOctane ratingPascal (unit)DecompositionComposite materialChemical reactorStorage tankWaterfallGrowth mediumStarvation responseElectronegativityU.S. Securities and Exchange CommissionEngineering drawing
02:22
Phase (waves)Chemical reactionChemical reactionHuman body temperatureFunctional groupSetzen <Verfahrenstechnik>ConcentrateOctane ratingPotenz <Homöopathie>HerzfrequenzvariabilitätReaction rate constantPhase (waves)LactitolLecture/ConferenceMeeting/Interview
03:21
Phase (waves)Chemical reactionChemical reactionEnzymeEthanolBleiglanzDistickstoffpentoxidOctane ratingDecompositionComposite materialConcentrateElectronic cigarette
04:02
Chemical reactionTiermodellEthanolChemical reactionWaterReaction rate constantEnzymkinetikTiermodellSea levelWursthülleConcentrateBlood vesselOctane ratingStuffingMeeting/Interview
04:56
Mortality rateChemical reactionMoleculeAction potentialHuman body temperatureChemical reactionTeaLactitolConcentrateChemistHuman body temperatureRearrangement reactionHydroxideReaction rate constantEnzymkinetikProcess (computing)ErdrutschFructoseGlucoseRübenzuckerÜbergangszustandActivation energyBromomethaneIonenbindungAtomic numberHydrolysatCoordination numberOctane ratingActivity (UML)Multiprotein complexAgricultureOrganische ChemieWaterChemical reactorComplication (medicine)MethanisierungAgeingAdamantaneWine tasting descriptorsAageElectronic cigaretteMeeting/InterviewLecture/Conference
08:09
Chemical reactionHuman body temperatureMortality rateGlucoseRübenzuckerRheniumArrhenius, SvanteChemical reactionHuman body temperatureReaction rate constantSunscreenActivity (UML)Activation energyOctane ratingPotenz <Homöopathie>Economic sectorComputer animation
08:57
Human body temperatureReaction rate constantSunscreenActivation energyCalculus (medicine)Grease interceptorActivity (UML)Radioactive decayComputer animation
09:24
Eyring, HenryTransition metalChemical reactionGibbs free energyÜbergangszustandOctane ratingIce frontDeathActivity (UML)Eyring, HenryFood additiveRiver delta
09:53
Chemical reactionChemical reactorEyring, HenryTransition metalChemical reactionMetabolic pathwayIonenbindungOctane ratingActivity (UML)Activation energy
10:04
Physical chemistryBase (chemistry)ChemistryChemical reactionHuman body temperatureSolventSunscreenEnzymkinetikFunctional groupÜbergangszustandActivation energyData conversionIonenbindungConcentrateOctane ratingShear strength
11:09
Physical chemistryChemistryChemical reactionEnzymkinetikTopicityMeeting/Interview
Transcript: English
00:00
the pro says not only requires sufficient chemical dry. he also has to run sufficiently quickly how can be controlled the speed the rate of the process. some. what come to fuss come basics are topics today reaction kinetics how can we describe the rate of the reaction to an ex is concerned with whether or not a grocer's such as the oxygen reaction can take place at all that is what that had a chemical drive and a finish.
00:36
pretty negative data jeep. the next as causes which parameters can be changed to increase affinity there is no affinity the reaction of were never take place continuously it on the other hand there is an affinity for one am mixed gives a green light signals so to speak however will have a real.
00:59
question actually takes place with a reasonable rate is a question to be considered by chemical kinetics kinetics considers parameters would speed up or slow down a reaction of bros will only run them both sufficient affinity and reasonable rate come together.
01:20
let's first define reactionary.
01:23
this crap you see the concentrations of our reactions during and two o five the composition of the time the slope of these curves corresponds to the rate of formation of the brother are eight have to come to shun of the reactor for example after three hundred seconds the rate of.
01:43
of decomposition other reactions is negative eighteen micro most per hour media and second and the rate of formation of oxygen nine micro most per year per second. after dividing these numbers by their respective store committee corporations we end up with the reaction rate are which is the same fall reactions in our case are equals nine micro most probably the sec the unit of the reaction rate is always concentration of it.
02:16
i'm that is mode or leader and second or pastors for me.
02:22
we actually rate is controlled by a number of parameters these are in particular temperature catalyst in either years reactions the face boundary the solvent and the concentration of the yet its dependence on the.
02:43
concentrations of the reactions is particularly important for this reason or other variables are combined to form a so called for a constant kate the resulting equation reaction rate are the function of the concentrations overreact and is the so-called rate law.
03:03
often but not all as the rate law is of this type the exponents of the concentration is court order the aga of the reaction describes how sensitive the reaction rate does change with concentration.
03:21
the odd overreaction has a strong influence on the concentration time relationship in general are the order overreaction cannot be predicted. now it has been farmed experimentally that of the composition of end to all five his first daughter while the decomposition of n o two at first glance very similar reaction second order in the euro's order reaction the reaction rate does not depend on the concentration of law.
03:53
many biological reactions are the euro although like the and dramatic the composition of ever know or two at the data.
04:03
this was a model can be used to illustrate the kinetics of a reaction. the liquid level all but of one corresponds to the concentration of the effect on the level of the top two corresponds to the concentration of the product.
04:21
the reaction out proceeds in such a way that water is transferred from bath of want to better to the best sides of the worst look for spawns to the rate constant k. and the amount of water that is transferred per second corresponds to reactionary especially in the case of a zero or are you.
04:41
question the water is always supported with the vessel of the same volume pulitzer reaction rate is constant in the first or reaction the verses of the pet the philip which depends on the liquid level of the top one. the change of concentration with time is also cord the integrated trade law for his ears or the action it is a equals a nod minus katims tea and important parameter to specify reaction the half life.
05:15
during his euros or reaction have become shorter and is related to the rate constant industry can also tell the order over reaction by the unit or the rate constant for the rose already reaction units most podium and second he was the compilation of the equations that hold for a for.
05:35
those are the reaction to integrate great law corresponds to an exponential function. the reaction rate is proportional to concentration half live it's constantly or and directly linked to the rate constant unit of the rate constant is one of us second we can gain your eyes the integrate the rate law by applauding the lower rhythm of concentration both this time the doll the.
06:00
net equations for a second auto reaction the reactionaries proportionate to the school way our concentration in a very rate low as a bit more complicated half life becomes longer and longer over time and the unit of the rate constant its leaders promoter and six. the slide summarises important kinetic equations for a simple process a close to peak and the rest line you're find the corresponding equations for bros as a plus be those a p with no water or to off too.
06:34
what happens microscopic algae in a chemical reaction. this question is answered by the so-called reaction profit higher let's take the end and to reaction of trouble methane with old age minus i and at an example to the reaction the adams of the reactions rearrange in space this you met through pre-arrangement is described.
07:00
by the extortionate of the bra five the reaction cord. the potential energy is plotted on the or that during the reaction farms are stretched and split other bonds are for the potential energy jane just during the reaction and goes to a maximum. the maximum the most energetic configuration on the way from the reaction to the product we called the activated complex organisms state and is marked with a double decker the energy difference between the reactor and anderton's and state discard the activation energy that in this state.
07:40
and it division energy to have a strong influence on the rate of the process even eczema reaction as shown here initially requires energy so that it gets started get it over the hump so to speak the temperature for the energy of the reactions play a major role.
08:00
in kinetics. here is he the kinetic data of the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and photos for different temperatures the rate constant increases strongly with temperature nearly every reaction of shows his behavior and band hoff tried to quantify it went off to rule states that.
08:22
and ten centigrade increase in temperature about doubles the reaction. one the unused express the dependence of came with temperature in the famous equation named after him the arrhenius equation contains two kinetic parameters nearly activation energy the survey which already know from the rich brought five and the frequency effect a year or so called p exponentially.
08:49
sector which corresponds to the limit value of the rate concerned for an infinitely high temperature we can determine the ring is parameters from our experimental data if you plot the logarithm of the rate constance against the risk of broken off the apples temperature.
09:07
is called the arena start with. get the activation energy from the slope of the resulting straight line the frequency of picked up from the intercept. if we know the accusation energy we can also use your ring is equation decay create great constant at any temperature.
09:25
in front of the transition stayed on the reaction rate was qualified in death by henry i read according to hiring the reaction rate his primary contaminant but the difference instability between the reactor and and the dances and day by day g. coverage.
09:43
gives free energy of activation. any action that reduces the edgy endeavour data speeds up the reaction. for example a catalyst work in such a way that the reaction proceeds buyer different often more complicated pair with the smaller activation energy the i'm clear he can also be used to quantify the influence of a solvent and the influence of i only things on we actually.
10:12
to summarize the cause of variation of reacts and can act on the reaction rate in different ways this is one of five by the reaction are depending on the reaction art of there are different rate laws concentration time functions and have lives.
10:30
the reaction camby microscopically illustrated by the reaction profit by its maximum the russian state is relevant for the reactionary with the arenas equation became twenty five in terms of temperature on the reaction rate we obtain because the parameters of activation energy and frequency affect the.
10:50
but every a thing or data using the reuse plot if we know the parameters we can determine great concerns conversion rates and reaction times for any temperature influences on reaction rate by catalyst sawbones and i and strength may be quantified by hiring stearns's and state theory more information about the.
11:10
topical find in the book and of let's just fighting for.