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Solutions 101 - How do solvent and solution differ? (Freezing/boiling point, osmosis)

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Solutions 101 - How do solvent and solution differ? (Freezing/boiling point, osmosis)
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12
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CC Attribution 3.0 Germany:
You are free to use, adapt and copy, distribute and transmit the work or content in adapted or unchanged form for any legal purpose as long as the work is attributed to the author in the manner specified by the author or licensor.
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Production Year2020
Production PlaceJülich

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The thermodynamics of mixing can be described according to the theory of Flory and Huggins; with so called ideal solutions, there is no heat of mixing and the Flory-Huggins parameter chi = 0. A solution always shows a lower vapor pressure than the pure solvent which can be calculated with Raoult's 1st law. A solution has both a higher boiling point and a lower freezing point than the pure solvent. The properties mentioned are colligative, which means: only the number of dissolved particles is decisive, not the chemical nature of the solute. osmotic pressure is another colligative property; it can be calculated using van't Hoff equation and it especially plays an important role in biology.
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