Enzymology Symposium 2017
5
2017
50
45 minutes 1 second
5 results
05:27
28Allen, Karen N. et al.Interview with Karen N. Allen, Boston University, USA Karen Allen is talking with Martin Hicks about the functional analysis and impact of the ‘promiscuity’ of enzymes. Enzymologists use this term to describe the ambivalency of enzyme activity. Either these enzymes carry out different but related chemical reactions or they catalyse a different set of substrates. Karen describes the significance of promiscuous enzymes for the evolutionary development of enzymes when selectivity and efficiency is optimized and underlines that promiscuity is still of importance for the adaptation of organisms to changing environments. She also points out that promiscuity are a considerable challenge for drug discovery since either these enzymes circumvent drug effects or even metabolize drugs as alternative substrates. However, the more enzymologists study the dynamics of enzymes the more promiscuity is found among a wide variety of enzyme families.
2017Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften
16:31
4Bakker, Barbara M. et al.Discussion with Barbara M. Bakker (University Medical Center Groningen), Carsten Kettner, Thomas S. Leyh (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), Johann M. Rohwer (University of Stellenbosch) and Reinhard Sterner (University of Regensburg) recorded at BEILSTEIN ENZYMOLOGY SYMPOSIUM – Enzymes in Transformation and Signalling Rüdesheim, Germany, 19 – 21 September 2017 At the end of the Beilstein Enzymology Symposium, Carsten Kettner discusses with Barbara Bakker, Thomas Leyh, Johann Rohwer and Reinhard Sterner about the pitfalls when reusing enzyme function data from the literature and databases. Listen to the views on the following themes: Which information is required to reproduce experiments and reuse experimental data in simulation and modelling? What are the reasons for missing information in papers and what is the role of the journals with regards to quality control? Are reporting guidelines and software tools beneficial for the science community? How burdensome is data input in STRENDA DB considered in comparison to other data acquisition systems? The panel, each an expert from a different area in enzymology, gave some interesting insights into their experiences with published experimental data and provided a number of ideas on how to increase reproducibility, comparability and reliability of these data. The Beilstein Enzymology Symposia embrace structural, computational and biological disciplines, and bring researchers (established and younger workers) together to discuss the many and diverse roles of enzymes in biology, and to explore the limits and challenges of holistic studies that attempt to integrate microscopic views of protein function into complex biological behaviour. This symposium addresses enzymes and other signal‑cascade proteins which capture and transduce these diverse signals into discrete chemical entities that inform and direct cellular behaviour. Molecular-information processing networks require the coordinated interplay of numerous components, and are the focus of systems-biological investigations aimed at understanding, for example, the spread of disease, or identifying targets that can control signal-transduction.
2017Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften
06:30
9Hilvert, Donald et al.Interview with Donald Hilvert, ETH Zürich, Switzerland recorded at BEILSTEIN ENZYMOLOGY SYMPOSIUM – Enzymes in Transformation and Signalling Rüdesheim, Germany, 19 – 21 September 2017 Donald Hilvert is talking with Carsten Kettner about the driving forces of the evolution of enzymes. Apparently, there are different ways of evolving enzymes either through artificial driving forces that are applied to select enzymes for higher activities and temperature stabilities or through natural forces. Driving forces of natural evolution are determined by the survival of organism in order to enable organisms to cope with challenges for the metabolism and the development of resistances to pathogens. Donald studies the principles of catalysis to understand how enzymes work and – through directed evolution – creates new enzymes in the lab using a variety of methods that range from computational design to modifications on the gene level. These enzymes can be used in medicine, e.g. proteases that inactivate viruses, or industry, e.g. stereo-specific catalysts that facilitate the biosynthesis of an efficient pharmaceutical agent. The Beilstein Enzymology Symposia embrace structural, computational and biological disciplines, and bring researchers (established and younger workers) together to discuss the many and diverse roles of enzymes in biology, and to explore the limits and challenges of holistic studies that attempt to integrate microscopic views of protein function into complex biological behaviour. This symposium addresses enzymes and other signal‑cascade proteins which capture and transduce these diverse signals into discrete chemical entities that inform and direct cellular behaviour. Molecular-information processing networks require the coordinated interplay of numerous components, and are the focus of systems-biological investigations aimed at understanding, for example, the spread of disease, or identifying targets that can control signal-transduction.
2017Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften
08:09
4Johnson, Kenneth A. et al.Interview with Kenneth A. Johnson, University of Texas at Austin, USA recorded at BEILSTEIN ENZYMOLOGY SYMPOSIUM – Enzymes in Transformation and Signalling Rüdesheim, Germany, 19 – 21 September 2017 Kenneth Johnson is talking with Carsten Kettner about the appropriate application of terminology in enzymology. Although this terminology is well defined and recommended by, e.g. IUBMB, the major reasons for the confusion caused by the often falsely used terms seems to be laziness of authors and lack of sound training and education. Ken explains the parameters that affect the efficiency of enzyme catalysis: The efficiency of enzymes derives from their flexibility and dynamics. Intramolecular movements within an enzyme result in high specificity in selecting the favourite substrate over the mismatch. He describes this using the example of DNA polymerases where the polymerase has to be fairly discriminatory over very small differences in the structure of the correct base versus the mismatch, and those enzymes have very high specificity at very low error rates. However, mismatch in DNA replication can also have evolutionary impact which can be studied on HIV which can be considered a moving target that alters rapidly recognition sites to hide itself from the immune system until it collapses and the patient gets AIDS.
2017Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften
08:23
5Wohlgemuth, Roland et al.Interview with Roland Wohlgemuth, European Section of Applied Biocatalysis – ESAB, Buchs, Switzerland recorded at BEILSTEIN ENZYMOLOGY SYMPOSIUM – Enzymes in Transformation and Signalling Rüdesheim, Germany, 19 – 21 September 2017 Roland Wohlgemuth discusses with Carsten Kettner the need for the interconnection of applied and non-applied catalysis, the first taking place in industrial processes, and the latter is performed in basic research, mainly in academia. Roland emphasizes that there is a need of communication between both parties since many issues arising during industrial processes need to be resolved by addressing fundamental kinetic and mechanistic discoveries. In addition, along with the optimization of known enzymes, both screening of unknown activities and the directed evolution of enzymes can result in the adaption of enzyme activities to reaction conditions used in industrial processes. Good example for a practical problem is the need for enzymes being effective at low temperatures.
2017Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften