First Airborne Wind Energy Operation on a Tropical Island
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Anzahl der Teile | 19 | |
Autor | 0000-0002-8139-2178 (ORCID) | |
Mitwirkende | 0000-0002-0863-5946 (ORCID) 0000-0002-0109-6484 (ORCID) 0000-0002-7640-5253 (ORCID) 0000-0001-5803-3073 (ORCID) 0000-0002-4112-841X (ORCID) | |
Lizenz | CC-Namensnennung 4.0 International: Sie dürfen das Werk bzw. den Inhalt zu jedem legalen Zweck nutzen, verändern und in unveränderter oder veränderter Form vervielfältigen, verbreiten und öffentlich zugänglich machen, sofern Sie den Namen des Autors/Rechteinhabers in der von ihm festgelegten Weise nennen. | |
Identifikatoren | 10.5446/60481 (DOI) | |
Herausgeber | 0000 0001 2097 4740 (ISNI) | |
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Produzent | 0000-0002-4112-841X (ORCID) | |
Produktionsjahr | 2022 | |
Produktionsort | Milano, Italy |
Inhaltliche Metadaten
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00:00
Satz <Drucktechnik>KonfektionsgrößeJeepEntwicklung <Photographie>GleitlagerFeileEntwicklung <Photographie>Computeranimation
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JeepLayoutAriane <Rakete>Satz <Drucktechnik>RutscheDruckereiTonschlickerKartonComputeranimation
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GreiffingerMotorPersonenzuglokomotive
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EisenbahnbetriebBecherwerkBootSeeschiffGrosspackmittelMaterialKranbau
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Flugverhalten
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GrosspackmittelMaterialKammgarn
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Eisenbahnbetrieb
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FlugverhaltenDiagramm
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Airbus 300ReibantriebFesselsatellitSeeschiffDiagramm
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FahrgeschwindigkeitFesselsatellitWickelnFord TransitComputeranimationDiagramm
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BauxitbergbauEisenbahnbetriebEisenbahnbetriebSchlauchkupplungSeeschiffBöttcher
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Grosspackmittel
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Öffentliches VerkehrsmittelGreiffingerElektrolokomotiveMechanikerinPatrone <Munition>ErsatzteilBorosilicatglasSatz <Drucktechnik>WarmumformenSchlauchkupplungEisenbahnbetriebRucksackComputeranimation
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Pfadfinder <Flugzeug>DruckereiRutschungSatz <Drucktechnik>WerkstattExplorer <Satellit>ZylinderblockComputeranimation
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KranbauTransformator
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Grosspackmittel
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WerkstattSatz <Drucktechnik>Computeranimation
Transkript: Englisch(automatisch erzeugt)
00:00
My name is Espen Ohlen, so I'm a product development manager in Kitesmil, and associate professor at the University of Tromsø. So today we have four presentations. So one of them will get canceled, such that we have 50 minutes, which we really can catch up with, so we get actually back into the program. So this is good. So we start now with Joep Breuer from KitePower.
00:27
Yeah? Can I say we can just stop? Yes. Thank you. I think the PowerPoint will give up.
00:40
I hope it works. This is Max. Yes, good. Welcome, everybody. Nice to be here. I'm giving a presentation sort of on our Aruba deployment. Lots of nice pictures, a bit of test data, but I'll just try to talk you through it.
01:02
And I will start with this picture. This is obviously not Aruba, but it's more of the start of why we actually went to Aruba. In 2016, we won the defense innovation competition in the Netherlands. So in there, we had an initial project,
01:21
and this was the last demonstration within that project. So we went to the Manavat in the north of the Netherlands. It was February, it was cold, it was snowing. And we trained groups of military soldiers, actually, to operate our system. And nice about this is that one group of soldiers still has the record of deploying a system the fastest.
01:44
They had to kite airborne in 20 minutes because they just did exactly what we were told. So we had a training of four hours on Monday, and on Tuesday morning, we just gave the system to them, and they just made it work. They didn't ask questions, as we engineers do,
02:01
but they just did. So that was the start. And then we had a follow-up project starting in 2000, I think originally 2019 we started. And in order to learn all the stuff they gave us at that point, one of them was that you see in the picture here, this is ground station two.
02:22
It was container-sized, but it was not a container, and they said, that needs to change. So we took all that into new projects, and as the final piece of that second project with the Dutch military, we went with them. So they had the military exercise on the island of Aruba, they have a base there of the Marines,
02:42
and well, they had a bunch of engineers going there, and they were building roads there, and we got to get along. Originally, it was planned somewhere in Europe, but due to COVID, this was easier, and we didn't complain. So some pictures of about sort of the logistics.
03:02
Now here you see, this is the material container in the crane, and sort of our container on the ship. They rented a full boat to ship all our equipment over. Then it was installed by a truck, and sort of dumped out of the back so no crane needed for installation of our system.
03:22
This was more or less the first night with nice picture. Nice to mention here as well, there was a wind farm at the back, and this was also developed by one of our angel investor, Hank, who's no longer with us, but it was a nice dedication to him. This is during the day, actually during flight.
03:43
As you see next to the ground station container, there's a swivel action point at the top, so where you, so we can fly in 360 degrees, and next to it is the battery container, so at this side, because there's no grid connection, we set up our own micro grid,
04:01
so we brought a battery, and we had a load bank, so we could operate completely self-sustained, and of course we didn't only fly during the day, we only also flew during the night, so some nice night shots with sort of our figure of eight, and this is more how the site looked.
04:23
So you see, now I have to turn back, this is the ground station together with the battery, then we sort of have a sort of, I would say an office container to eat, and with some computer screens, and this was a material container. We actually brought quite a lot of extra stuff,
04:42
but we didn't need most of it, so that was a good sign, but we prepared for the worst. Then just another nice picture, just some exotic cacti, just to show there that we were actually on this tropical island, and this is just another picture
05:01
of the kite operating with the wind at the back, and now we might go to a bit more interesting stuff for the technicians who want some test data. This is the longest flight we've done at that location, 22 hours, almost a thousand cycles,
05:24
and we landed because you see here of the wind, oh, back, back, back, this one, no, this one, you see the wind dropping. We were of course fixed in time period by the military. They had the ship booked, et cetera,
05:41
and we went in the month of October, and October is apparently the worst wind month in Aruba, and what happened most of the days that the wind died in the afternoon, and this day we were lucky, so we pulled through, so here you see also wind dip, but at this point we needed to land.
06:01
This is actually, well, the time is Dutch time, it's not Aruba time. On the top you can see the tether length. We had very relatively short cycles there that had to do with the setup we have in the Netherlands that we have a bit of space constraint, and we didn't change this for Aruba,
06:22
and here you see actually the force, so it's around two and a half tons of pulling force, and you see a bit of variation also with the winds, so that's nice to see. During those 22 hours, we actually touched, almost didn't touch the system. We had some minor adjustments into tether bounds.
06:41
You actually also see this here. There's a big shift here, but it automated autonomous, or automatic, I would say. Now let's zoom in a bit on some particular cycles, and that's this one. So you see again the tether length going up and down.
07:02
This is the force, nice square patterns, so it's a combined force velocity controller, so you see nice blocks. This is an indication that we have to optimize our real in, real out transition a bit more,
07:20
so we have to work on the small dip, but that's expected. Nice low force when reeling in. Well, due to the sort of short reel out length, we lose a bit in transitions, so the cycle is not optimal. I think this piece should be shorter, and that should be longer
07:41
in order to produce more power over the, more average power over the cycle, and also due to this relatively short reel out length, we didn't make a lot of aids. You see this here, so there's sort of one and a half figure of eight, and then back to transition again.
08:02
Going to the lessons learned, so what did we achieve? Well, what was the first operation of an airborne wind system in the Caribbean? Actually, probably first on a tropical island. For us, it was the first one outside of the Netherlands. Within the Netherlands, we operated in sort of already
08:20
five to 10 different locations, but this was the first time outside of the Netherlands. We also did some remote supervision, so of course, we had an observer at the site where we had people in the Netherlands looking at the, well, looking at the screens, looking at the data coming in, and acting if necessary,
08:42
which was not really necessary, but we also did some operations during the setup and launching, just operating the winch from the Netherlands, so that also was a nice achievement. Of course, it was a good cooperation with the Dutch Ministry of Defense. Some lessons learned,
09:01
well, operate in a remote location, and that's not just, well, this was quite remote, just distance-wise, but also the, yeah, it was hot. It was, so that actually took most of all, not on equipment, but on the people.
09:22
It was also very salty, so we did quite some extra things to protect our equipment, but we even saw some rust in some areas as well, so that's really a point to, if we go offshore, really a point to even have more attention to,
09:41
and I think that we're just shipping a system around the globe. This is the first thing that we should have shipped a container, and that was, for us, the most headache, to get all of the paperwork ready, making sure we had the right export codes, et cetera, so that was also a very good learning experience for us.
10:04
Permitting was relatively easy, probably because, well, we had help from the Dutch military, that of course, and because it was a temporary deployment, so that we didn't go there. Actually, we flew for a bit more than two weeks, and then sort of the ship went back.
10:20
We would have loved to stay there longer, because it was a very good site, and I think if we even had another couple of more weeks, then we could have pushed the system more to its limits. Now it was sort of a relatively, well, safe settings, just to fly, but yeah, that was really good, and there might even be an opportunity to go there again,
10:41
and I think sort of, more or less, this is the last slide. I'm not sure, I'm looking at, how much time do I still have? I have still 10 minutes. Good, then lots of questions, nice. Actually, to my last slide,
11:00
yeah, this is actually, it was already shown, but I think this is a very good thing, that we actually leave nothing behind. We don't need any foundations, sort of the battery container is used as a counterweight, so that the battery doesn't tilt, and this is what is really cool. Yeah, of course, it's also nice to mention
11:21
that we're crowdfunding, maybe the wrong crowd, but it's good to, so everybody's looking for money, but that's anyway good, and if we still have time, I'm not sure whether it works, we can show a video, which is also on YouTube or Vimeo, but some footage of the flying kite on the robot,
11:43
and now let's just try whether this works, and it doesn't. It switches to YouTube, so something's happening.
12:09
No, it's just a link, which is embedded in the presentation, not the full video. Good, then YouTube, you'll probably know where to find it, and questions.
12:20
Maybe in the meantime, for the assistant, if you just go to YouTube and type in kite power, Aruba, you will find it, if that is an option. Maybe in the meantime, a question from my side, how was, I mean, Aruba is a different setting,
12:42
completely different to Europe, how was social acceptance? Can you say something about how the locals reacted, and how compares this to your typical Dutch setting? Is there, are there any differences? Well, people are interested. So if we were on a military shooting range,
13:01
and you would expect that there were actually big signs, do not enter, because you get killed, but we still have people actually visiting, trying to get a view. We sort of were interviewed, of course, by local newspapers. We had visitors of the local utilities, of the disaster people, the fire department,
13:25
and that was very interesting to get the feedback, and yeah, it was a very positive result, thanks. Any other questions? Yeah. Do we have a mic or something that can, yeah.
13:41
Yeah, thank you very much for sharing these beautiful pictures and insights, and also the data. I have a question about the difference between mechanical and electrical power output in these power cycles. Can you comment on, let's say, the average mechanical power, like product of real out speed times force, right? That's mechanical power output, versus electrical output.
14:04
Can you comment on that? Because I've seen in our own work significant differences between the two. Actually, the system we have is relatively efficient, so we use very standard generator, very standard Siemens equipment,
14:22
so that the conversion between mechanical, sort of over the cycle, and electrical is quite good. Of course, if you look to what we produce during real out and then have over the average cycle, there we can certainly improve, and I think that's also mainly due to this,
14:42
all this, some extent to this low real out transition, and you saw in the pictures that in this case we only flew to two and a half tons of pulling force. Our system actually designed for five tons, so that also made a difference in the power output, but this was not the major goal
15:01
of the project of flying there. Like I said, sort of we had relatively safe settings. It was mainly to demonstrate that we were able to sort of pack our stuff, go to a completely unknown location. We haven't scouted it, we weren't there before. We're able to sort of be operational within sort of a couple of days,
15:21
and I think we can actually bring it down to sort of a couple of hours, fly there, and then bring the stuff back. So that was the major, I think sort of it would be sort of, around I would say 30 to 40 in the lower wind range.
15:46
So that's, yeah, like I said, not yet 100, but that's made to the cycle difference and the lower max force. Other questions? Some over there.
16:05
Okay. Yeah. Yeah. So there's a question online. So I don't know if, Daniel, you're muted. I'll try to fix that.
16:20
Can you hear me? Yes, we can hear you now. Wonderful. Well, first, thank you. Always good to see you. I guess my question is about the user experience from the military side. Did they have any comment on the mobility and I think you already talked a little bit about the diplomacy, and like one to one with these things like that.
16:43
So did the end users have any comments on the packaging, on the movability, on the setup time, on the infrastructure required? Yeah, sort of the main comments we got there were actually sort of in this first project. So there they have a lot of comments how we could improve this and all these things we incorporated in the design.
17:03
Also sort of military experts were sort of part of the design process of this ground station. So they actively gave feedback during the design process. So we all incorporated this and that, of course, made it very easy to sort of be able to do this.
17:22
When we were actually at the sites, the original idea is that we would reintegrate someone with a sort of a military base, but they were doing road constructions there. And so they just had big, actually you saw it in the pictures, they just had big bulldozers. And they didn't really have the need for electricity. And there was some changes within the plans
17:44
of the military, so that was sort of downscaled and we sort of operated more in island mode. But sort of we have received even more feedback. But in general, they were very happy with what we've shown and the results because in the end we demonstrated
18:01
what we wanted to demonstrate. And so that was very nice. We have time for one final question. There you go. My name is Rico Bosman from Rico Ropes. Hi, thanks for the presentation. You mentioned 10 of 1,000 cycles,
18:22
which is quite a endurance. But what are you planning with the rope? Are you gonna reuse that one with confidence? Yes, we actually have a relatively high safety factor on our rope in order to indeed look at, sort of make sure that fatigue is not a problem.
18:43
So yeah, it's still on the winch, we still use it. We've actually brought, we brought two extra petas just because of safety, but they stayed in the container, which was good, right? And then maybe now we have the video?
19:00
We can, how long is it? One minute or so. Yeah, okay. And it's just images, so we can keep talking. Okay, then I have a comment with your title. First Airborne Wind in a Tropic Island. So Kuitmil did that in 2010, and Makani also. Actually, I think we had a Caribbean island?
19:22
Was, or? This is Tropic Island. Tropic Island, okay, that was maybe not the intention. But it's the Caribbean island, I think that's the one. They did need a crane for the battery, but not for our system. Some slow motion footage, so the,
19:48
nope, we didn't anchor it, it was just flat on the ground. The weight of the container is more than what the kite can pull, so the only, what you need to take care of that it doesn't tilt, so that's why I have the battery container, and it doesn't slide, and that's of course
20:02
dependent on the soil, but normal soil is good enough. Yes, next presenter was originally from Winsled, but they are not available, so then we are skipping them, and we're catching up with time, so next is Rotary Kite Turbine Development by Rotary Greed. Good, nice, yeah, and thanks for your presentation.
20:21
Thanks for listening.
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