I'd like to start with this image showing the constellation of ESA satellites that have been built the last 20 to 30 years and most of them the last 10 years and especially

the Copernicus satellites. Satellites will be the red line during my talk today. I will give an overview of the the the operational Copernicus program with the Sentinel satellites. I will talk about the the the next generation Sentinels

and high priority candidate missions. I will talk about the Earth Explorers, the scientific missions of ESA and then we'll talk about the ways to access all these data both the classical way and both the novel way and what's coming. I'm Raymond Slaute,

I'm a fiscal geographer, I did a PhD in land remote sensing and GIS, actually hyperspectral remote sensing and now I'm advisor data and applications at the Netherlands Space Office, the Netherlands Space Agency. There I'm a delegate for ESA in the data operation scientific technical advisory

group where the entire Earth observation program is reported every three months and I'm doing that already for 10 years so I have quite some historic information in my mind,

my brain. Moreover I started to be the coordinator of the Horizon Europe space program in the Netherlands and I'm a general Copernicus expert and a data expert especially on the data infrastructures. The Copernicus program

that's the operational program of satellites from Europe and we started it already, it was first called GMES, global monitoring of environment and security and it started in late 90s the ideas and since 2011-2012 the first satellites came operational and now we have many

satellites operational. We have six sentinels, Sentinel-1 is radar, is operational and there's Sentinel-2 is optical mission, 3 is also optical. Actually Sentinel-5 and 4 are still

being built and will be launched later and I will discuss them in a little bit more detail the next slides and now the A and B units are already launched but the C and D units for every satellite it will be four satellites to have operational data up to 2030 plus

and that's free and open data guaranteed. So Sentinel-1 is a SAR mission an example of flood detection in the Amazon area. Sentinel-2 is a multi-spectral imager like Landsat

with 13 bands from visible to shortwave infrared, highest resolution 10 meters. These are the two satellites we now have a revisit time of two to three to five days around the globe and mainly used for land covering use and on the right you see an image of Sentinel-2b

and test facilities in STEC in the Netherlands just before it was launched. Sentinel-2 I said already it's a Landsat-like satellite and we have now as you can see on this

image we can very good merge the both data sets to have very long data records of land cover. Sentinel-3 is especially for the land the ocean and land color instrument is most used it's around 250 meter resolution but daily coverage and on a large scale

quite for example for entire Europe. You see an example of the droughts and in 2018 I could show the same means for 2019 and luckily this year was a little bit weather.

Not land related but Sentinel-5b, Sentinel-5 precursor is an instrument that measures atmospheric gravistry and for example NO2 methane daily global coverage with a resolution of

3.5 by 7 kilometers. I showed some tulips on it because the instrument is built by the Netherlands and the entire satellite is built by ESA and this is a very successful mission. Here you can see an example of it. It shows nitrogen dioxide yearly image

globally really showing the sources of air pollution. You can even see the ship tracks between Asia and Europe and of course China, Europe, South Africa.

We can make these images we have a daily global coverage because it's an optical satellite so we are with a lot of clouds of course and we really need the global image to see this entire picture the yearly image. There's also a sixth Sentinel,

Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich. Actually that's not a land mission but a mission that the altimeter that measures the sea level and sea level change and it was launched last November

and it's now in excellent conditions and the operations are started. What I said, we now have two units of each Sentinel operational now. There will be also Sentinel-C and D units to have the continuity up to 2030 because most

satellites have a lifetime of around seven years. These units are built now actually in the pre-phase studies and the requirements for these units is that they will give the continuity of the

measurements of the A and B units. We will not have big changes for that but there's also a goal to enhance so the goal is enhanced continuity but there's also a goal to have new products and to improve the performance. The Sentinel satellites took 15 years to build them and you

can imagine that during this 15 years the technology improved. The technology improvements will be in the updated satellites but for example if you look to Sentinel-2 don't expect that it now will have a five meter resolution. We will continue with the 10 meter resolution.

Now the phase zero studies are ongoing and the launch will be in the mid to late 20s. There is more than only the Sentinels because there are more the basic observations and we need more. We need more observations also with other techniques

and for that the Sentinel high priority candidate missions APCMs are developed and they are now renamed to the Sentinels expansion missions. After Sentinel-6 there will be Sentinel-7 and Sentinel-8, 9, 10, 11 and I don't know if they continue the numbering but what we know is that

the first satellite will be the CO2 mission to measure CO2 and that was decided after I think COP21 before the Trump era, the last copy for Trump started and then there was most

high priority that we could measure CO2 in the right way so this mission is now really being built and we hope we can launch it in 2025 to have a good observatory for for CO2 emissions

and CO2 development and I hope that we can monitor and decrease in CO2 but there are not only the CO2 mission but there will also be a mission on polar ice and snow topography, crystal, a passive microwave radiometer, simmer and you can see here on the right

then the three missions for interesting for land and that's the land surface temperature mission, the chime and hyperspectral imaging mission and ROS-L an L-band SAR mission and I

will discuss them in the next slides. Yeah chime we have waited a long time for it especially myself because I'm active in hyperspectral land remote sensing already for years but now chime will have a really a hyperspectral mission from space

in the shortwave infrared 400 to 2500 nanometers, very small bands of 10 nanometer and expected resolution of 20 to 30 meter with a revisit time of 10 to 12.5 days and

yeah there are many applications for hyperspectral remote sensing like agricultural, agriculture, food security, biodiversity especially as we have a lot of

knowledge and already on hyperspectral remote sensing based on some pilot missions and also based on missions on airplanes. Expected launch between 2026 and 2030.

There will also be a mission on land surface temperature monitoring, yeah we have this capability we had it for example on the estrus satellite and we also have it on meteor salt but on a very high on a very low resolution but now and there was on land sets on there's also a tear and in Europe we didn't have this this capabilities so there will now be

built the LSTM mission thermal infrared with a spatial resolution of 50 meters revisit time one to three days because two satellites will be built it's also important

for example for the correction of clouds in sentinel 2 because with thermal infrared you can do that very well and there will be the third mission Rose-L which is an L-band synthetic aperture radar it's then the L-band radar I'm not a specialist really in in radar but in

Wageningen there are many specialists but L-band radar can penetrate through many materials such as facilitation and snow and ice so it really gives an enhanced information

with respect to the to sentinel 1 c-band and expected spatial resolution is 5 to 10 meters with a sloth of 260 kilometers and it's for example it's useful for

detection of ground motion but also detection of biomass and many many applications for this for this satellite so the sentinels are the operational missions but these are also working on scientific missions and sometimes these scientific missions are upgraded to a sentinel

but the last 10 to 15 years we have the different cent scientific missions like ADM that measures wind with a little laser quite a set two radar two I will show that in

the next slides but ADM measures wind earth care is still to be launched we'll measure clouds Gautier is now the mission is finished already but but measured the gravity field and swarm is operational now and measures magnetic and the magnetic field of the earth

yeah I mentioned cryosat yeah it's a radar and it's really it can very good detect ice so for example if you see the changes of ice in the polar areas it's most of the time

cryosat that provides this data SMOS is the soil moisture and ocean salinity mission I show here only the soil moisture example yeah it's a passive microwave imager so it measures the the radar

signal emitted by the earth and actually that's on a on a low resolution 30 to 50 kilometers but you can you can have global information on on soil moisture with this with this device

and more are coming we are now building biomass rate emission really dedicated to to measure biomass a flex is being built it will measure fluorescence vegetation parameters they will be launched the next two years and forum is a mission dedicated to to measure

the far infrared and it's really needed to have the the heat to measure the heat balance in the atmosphere and it was decided very this year that there will also be a harmony mission

measuring with radar ocean patterns like circulation and in harmony also the netherlands they they there's an idea of the netherlands actually this mission if you combine all these missions you have a lot of information

about the climate since since the 1990s and to have very long time series there is a so-called program that made the essential climate variables the ecvs and that's not only earth observation but within the climate change initiative for many many

parameters there are there are long time series being built for example on sea level sea ice ocean color etc and on the left you see the the land related ccis like biomass high resolution

land cover land surface temperature soil moisture and land cover and with this this brings me okay there is a lot of data around and more and more data is coming and um yeah how can you access

this data now the classic data access is the for example the the open access data hub it's um it's the classical way to to download your data and there is one open access data hub for for for for everybody and there are other hubs for the copernicus services um i will

talk about it later uh umetsat is also um providing information through umet cost and um through the copernicus online data access um umetsat is mentioned here because they have

activities related to sentinel 3 and there are also collaborative data hubs where countries can have a special link to the data for the for the national national platforms and data infrastructure for copernicus you can have the the raw data through the hub but there are also several

services being developed and they especially used also for for policy making by the by the land monitoring service and the marine service the atmosphere service emergency monitoring service

and the security service and the climate change service and i think last week i didn't attend the entire conference but i think last week the climate change service and at least comes has been presented by ecmwf and these services provide remote sensing based data but also data

coming from models and data coming from from from observations for isa these are all the it's all based on on the sentinel and isa

operated satellites but researchers for the researchers there is the earthnet program and that's really the backbone yeah it's already for for 30 years and there you can as a researcher you can you can obtain data from from from third parties like for example high resolution

data from from iconos information from rabbit eye spots spot data and to obtain this data you have to to write a proposal to isa and and then there's a good chance that you are granted access

to this for me for more information you can see the links here yeah and access to the day it's changing because yeah it's not only data you also need information and i think a good example

for this is the the the website of the isa climate office also related to the to the ccis and here for example you you see the links to these climate office but also to their to their web viewer and they have really a very nice web viewer of all these information from the from

from the ccis here i show you the the example of of land cover you can also download this data but especially for example policymakers this is really data they they can yeah they they understand or at least i hope they understand more there for first because there

was a lot of yeah the the hooks only provided provided raw data so there have also been portals being built to access the sentinel data and one interesting one is the the so-called

sentinel it's operated by uh by synergize and there you can also download data and browse all data but also view the view the data um yeah a lot of data um and it's it's really increasing

every year so there is a sentinel data dashboard where you can see how much data there is and it's growing every year yeah at this moment for the entire sentinel missions we have 380 petabytes of data and with more than 40 million different products and

half a million half a million registered users and this this number is increasing every year and the whole system that hosting this data is now updated also to to cloud environments

and what you see is that yeah during this file the last five to ten years it's not enough anymore that you can there's so much data you cannot download everything anymore and you can do it but you need a lot of space then at your own and good

good network connections but what we see now is we see the development of of big data that you want to combine different data sets the data science and um ai really started to become useful the last five years and more than useful because with

ai we can really do the processing more more efficient so big data ai and data science are changing the classical ways to access the data and we are going to uh to to cloud platforms where you can access the data still and download the data but also can do your your online

analysis and yeah google earth engine was was one of the the first uh platforms that that really uh provided these um these these possibilities uh i will not click on watch video

but they still have a nice video explaining which data sets are there for example for the open data hub of the isa uh sentinels they were the main user because they they they downloaded everything from from uh from isa three open data hub and yeah they provided this in a

in an in a nice very nice platform and an accessible platform but you cannot do everything in it it is still limited but um i have some some other colleagues who can tell you more about that what you can do with with google earth engine and whatnot but you see that this really started and yeah the development of also other platforms and for example at amazon uh

you can they know they also have the open data available and there you can also use sentinel data from their own systems and and microsoft also has it in there in their

platforms and there were more things started and isa started already five or six years ago with the so-called thematic exploitation platforms where for certain communities there is a cloud platform made to to have information products and analysis facilities and there are several

tabs being made and now they are all finished and they have to do their they are not hosted anymore by isa or finance anymore by isa but they are now commercial

uh semi-commercial platforms and working together with the with the community and there was another initiative started by the european commission where they said okay we want to have better platform access to the to the to the copernicus data it's also

started i think four years ago five years ago and then so commercial provided providers had startup money to to build up their platforms providing sentinel data but also

providing processing capabilities in the cloud and actually the four started by the ec that are mundi so blue creo dais and uh and and one of the things we don't know which will will survive

the the the next five years but um but they are still uh really working on their on their user uh yeah the user base it's not only for uh scientific users but it's also for uh for yeah for for commercial users who can make who can do their value adding services within their

within their platforms um there was there's a fifth one uh vikio and actually that's uh semi-commercial because it's um it's a cooperation between ecm wf and it's

you met sat and maca macator ocean actually macator ocean is the operate the operator of the the marine services and what we see is that vikio is most attracting for the uh for for researchers and vikio is also most active to to to have the the virtual environments and uh to

to include their ai uh capabilities in the platform the other ones you can do processing but not really the the entire ai thing and it looks like they um they made quite some developments these the last years with that because yesterday i got a very interesting

announcement of a of a mooc a massive online open online course on ai for earth monitoring and you can see the link here where you can subscribe for this mooc it's uh i think it's

six weeks uh it's it's open um yeah it's um implemented by you maybe the people who are working with vikio so vikio will be the deals there they will use for their um for their for for the mooc and actually um yeah it's uh the platform is open accessible on a sort of trial

basis or if you are a low not not that intense user and if you want to have more or more processing capabilities here you you need to pay um yeah there's even more

um yeah the collaborative ground segments the idea with sentinel was that isa only should provide the role data and that then the the different countries on national level should make their their national customized product and uh some countries did that in

attendance we don't have it it didn't happen that we we had enough mass to to have this collective ground segment but you see here the list of all countries that have such a collective ground segment many of these are just only mirror size of of copernicus data and then

mirroring the the data sets for um for the for the country but uh for example if you are living in the netherlands belgium is also mirroring the dutch territory for for sentinel data within their um within their uh collective one segment pteroscope and interesting of

pteroscope is also that they are on not only a data repository but they also have a good viewer but they also have um um virtual machines available to do uh to do your processing directly on the data same for the eodc from austria it's um yeah for example especially they have

many data sets also on on sole moisture and analysis ready data of sentinel one germany has an initiative called de also um uh yeah providing quite some some personal data and

also the the processing capabilities and they are also organizing workshops on that and actually they they also have data outside germany and yeah it's really really interesting and in the uk there is cedar and jasmine and um they also have the the sentinel data and

it's really very well linked to high performance computing in the uk and the other countries i don't have so much details but i think sweden that's really a big data lab uh approach that they uh that they they wanted to have i'll show you the eodc and the pteroscope on the right

the data cubes and then there is another development data cubes and we have the euro data cube that's initiated by by the by the isa member states

i think it's based on the open data cube and there's a seals open data cube an australian data cube and uh to have it more google engine like there is the the isa open earth engine being developed now and there are also r and data cubes in r and there's an interesting data

cube that's called rasta man but actually what's a data cube um yeah it's a multi-dimensional cube and of of uh spatial spatial data different data sets you can query them and analyze them

the different data sets directly but also in time so you really have a multi-dimensional uh analysis engine to do your uh to do your analysis it's difficult to explain by word but there is a very nice picture on the there's very nice movie on the on the isa website on

the euro data cube uh i yeah i should say after this meeting uh start it up or look it up and it's really it's a one minute video but it's really good it gives a good overview of what you can do with the data cube because you can really do

yeah multi-temporal analysis for example on climate parameters and combine them and see in time where the weather anomalies are um yeah there's so much it's really a forest of trees of data platforms available so uh isa started an initiative which called a network of resources

to have at least a search engine and an overview uh website of these of the the capabilities of all these uh all these platforms and the idea is that this is a sort

of one one-stop shop that you can see which data is available but also services that are available processing services hosting services and what it costs uh yeah a network of um of research of resources it's called yeah um the way forward

um yeah we are now at the point that yeah it's clear that that the analysis in the cloud will be the the way forward but we also need good data for that and the analysis ready data is

is one of the yeah the higher level products not only the raw data but that you have real good processed higher level products customized for your uh for your use and yeah it's a important development and the data federations so that we don't use one cloud system but that's the

different clouds are connected with each other for example the um mikio has already federated with the eodc and the and the telescope platform so that you can use resources that

are not available on your own platform you can use it from another platform and that's uh and for that you need really interoperable systems open eo is a is a good example of yeah of the um yeah interoperable language or um to to to connect all these

and you see also that within the european open science clouds which is far

what's okay give me a sign okay i can continue now yeah the european open science cloud

has the same goals for the entire scientific community and but it's remote sensing is not it is one of the ingredients an interesting

example is the c-scale is a tom tom can i continue or is it do we have a problem euston okay um currently within horizon europe there is now the c-scale um project and um

uh where they they wanted to to connect the the observation data sets to the european open conference i think in in october look up the space office uh the net in space of his website if you're interested because we announced it there and then yeah what's really happening

now is that we go to the the the digital twins the um that we have what's a digital twin okay you have the real space the real data that's the physical twin and the ideas that we

this with all the real-time information we have all the and the historic information we have and in the virtual space and that's a so-called digital twin and for that you need data fusion you need you need to combine different models you have to combine uh yeah

high performance computing you have to do it in the cloud and you need many data sources yeah like for example the opposite the normal observations but also information from the internet of things sensor sensors and that idea of the digital twin is now really running

it's really really uh yeah pushed now both on national level in the netherlands but

the the users and the the policy makers and that you can do analysis that you can ask a question what if i change what if i change this parameter and yeah what should i do really a decision uh decision support system based on on on big data and and for that you

really need yeah heavy high performance computing um you see uh now starts to build destination earth and one of the driving things for that is that for the european green deal

the policy makers needs a lot of information to to make their decisions and the european green deal is really the the driving force of this of this digital twin uh this is more an overview of the infrastructure they they foresee there will be a big data warehouse of data lake and as a sort of core and on top of this they will make

so-called digital twins and they do that thematic and for the first three to four years they will start with a digital twin on weather extremes and a digital twin on on climate adaptation

and of course you need on this very technical platform you need the service the service layers to provide the information in a useful way for them for the users and you have to connect the data lake the central data lake you have to connect that with the with the other other

available information um actually now ecmwf and and you met sat and isa are the the the main builders of this of this system so to to conclude my talk now i think it's yeah it's

very good visible that earth observation is really essential for for for land observation and and climate i think many things of climate change for example sea level uh ice changing land cover changes if you have the global images we don't have any global image of

all these processes if we didn't don't have earth observations and yeah what you see is we now really have many operational satellite missions more is coming it's all open and don't forget this is only i'm only talking about european data but of course nasa is also providing

many data sets and yeah this this more and more data and yeah and the data volume is really really explore exploding and yeah many new applications now are driven by artificial intelligence especially these digital twin things the destination earth it wouldn't be possible if

you don't use artificial intelligence to speed up the processing and yeah to to to smart explore the data but artificial intelligence is of course not about yeah it's not everything many people forget that's for good um ai things you need training data it's many forgotten yeah everybody

forget it but we need so much uh training data and of course the observation data what's what's happening in real life to do this but i think that has been shown on the on the conference also this this week but we see now really the fast development of the data science and the big

data cloud platforms the analysis in the cloud and really that it should be federated and then yeah at the end the digital twins and i think many i don't have many views after that but

i think the digital twin will really be the the main driving force now for the next years thank you

you can keep your slides and we will go back to the same slide let me keep off with the question this digital twin i mean it's a it's a it's a new term but like i mean if you have a tiny series in the vi or that type of images

of the whole world is that digital twin what is what does it make it that you know what the minimum requirement for something that would be and i think the minimum requirement requirement is that you have these ingredients

so the after for example your lia you mean you you mentioned but that you really i think the important thing is that you combine it with the other data sets so that not only the sensing data sets are available in that system but also the socioeconomic data sets

yeah data sets from other sources that's making a digital twin and the that you reach the end users so that there is really an interface to the data that the end user can can get this the information because you can put it all together in one big

data lake and do a data lake and do all your analysis but if the end users and mostly policymakers don't don't get this information then then it's then it's useless and i think that's one of the one of the important things now also for the you see the developments now

with destination earth yeah it's really it was driven from the from the the earth science community and yeah because technically it's it's possible now and we see that it's that we have the computing power and we see that it's that we can do it but really now

the the next step is really important that the users are are engaged actually in the netherlands there is a professor wilko haselager who was the director of the e-science center two two years ago he is now the the dean of the faculty of geosciences and he brought actually these ideas

of the climate extremes into the into the the destination earth because they were really because two years ago they said we are going to make a digital twin of the earth and then it became silent and then at one time they came with this idea of the of the climate extremes

and that appeared to be come to to come from ecmwf and and wilko haselager was then the one who brought the message and actually the university is also now making a wiki page etc for the for

the ec to to start this the user interaction the second question you mentioned there's other space agencies like nasa and jaksa and i don't know so there's over a lot of like yeah yeah you know we scientists you know there's one data is open so you know we don't

need like three databases i mean in some cases we need like a one yeah actually the projects yes i showed you the example of the lancet image in the in the malaya if the whether

where the sentinel images were merged with the with the with the lancet images yeah there are many initiatives now to to merge these data sets and that's done on seals level so um seals is the committee of earth observation and

where in within seals uh may all the international space agencies work together and you don't have it in the size but so it's yes yes yeah okay and then questions for right now

thank you for the presentation and you mentioned about the hyperspectral mission that will be launched and for me it's great to think that we'll have a hyperspectral data

and so because there are so many possibilities to use this data and for you what really like can you explain a bit more what would be the and how many payments what would be the specifications of the mission and what are

like the possibilities to use this data yeah going forward different products okay um this is actually the information i have now so

i don't have the number of bands but to be in hyperreal hyperspectral mission i expect around 200 bands or within yeah between 100 and 200 bands like the there are there are missions now um yeah for example the um the prisma mission by italy that's now operational

but this is really as a narrow swath but that's actually the only hyperspectral mission usable now and there is a very small satellite that's called hyperscout hyperscout one and hyperscout two and there that also provides hyperspectral data but that's still not on the

scale that the chime bill will provide and yeah this is the information i have now i just checked the last quarterly station status reports of isa and it's now really in the in the definition phase and yeah this is what we can expect 20 to 30 meter and the number of bands will be

high because otherwise you cannot do any spectroscopy yeah yeah sometimes sometimes people call uh call for example um mode is already hyperspectral because there's 30 bands but in my opinion that's not hyperspectral you really need more bands than that