In Postgres, we already have the infrastructure for building index-as-extension, but there are not so many such extensions to date. But there are so many discussions of on how to make core indexes better. This is a talk about extracting index from core to extension and what can be done with usual indexes. Some of these optimizations are discussed in @hackers and can be expected in the core, others will never be more than extension. We will discuss ideas from academic researches and corresponding industrial response from developers, communities, and companies. There will be a short live-coding session on creating a DIY index in Postgres. I'll show how to extract access method from core to extension in 5 minutes and talk about ideas for enhancing indexes: learned indexes, removing opclasses in favour of specialized indexes, cache prefetches, advanced generalized search (GiST alternative) and some others.