IV FMA 2018 - Work Session VII
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00:00
Abstrakte KunstEmissionComputeranimationBesprechung/InterviewVorlesung/Konferenz
01:06
RaumstrukturVorlesung/Konferenz
02:25
FilmtheaterEmissionArbeitszimmerVorlesung/KonferenzBesprechung/Interview
03:40
HausGoldener SchnittBefestigungVorlesung/Konferenz
04:47
EmissionArchitekturVorlesung/Konferenz
05:59
PräfigurationUmlandBrunnenVorlesung/Konferenz
07:17
EmissionSäulenordnungPräfigurationMiniaturmodellProfilblechNeue SachlichkeitVorlesung/Konferenz
08:24
SäulenordnungNeue SachlichkeitVorlesung/Konferenz
09:31
FilmtheaterProfilblechVorlesung/Konferenz
10:56
MiniaturmodellArbeitszimmerFlieseBausteinInstallationTäfelungTürBesprechung/InterviewVorlesung/Konferenz
12:08
InstallationFlieseMauerFilmtheaterVorlesung/Konferenz
13:19
ErdbauPrivatgrundstückEmissionProfilblechMiniaturmodellVorlesung/Konferenz
14:34
RaumstrukturVorlesung/Konferenz
15:54
KommunalplanungArchitekturCityManierismusProfilblechArbeitszimmerBauträgerHausÖffentlicher RaumVorlesung/Konferenz
17:21
MiniaturmodellProfilblechErdbauVorlesung/Konferenz
18:46
MiniaturmodellCityBauteilVerkehrsstraßeFilmtheaterVorlesung/Konferenz
19:56
ArbeitszimmerArbeitszimmerCityGeoinformationssystemHausVerkehrsstraßeMiniaturmodellHauseigentumUrbanitätVorlesung/Konferenz
24:51
CityLändlicher RaumKleinstadtGeoinformationssystemIonisches KapitellMiniaturmodellEisenbahntechnikHausWasserwaageBohrinselIndustriearchäologieVorlesung/KonferenzBesprechung/Interview
30:40
ErdbauPräfigurationSäulenordnungPrivatgrundstückVorlesung/Konferenz
31:51
ArchitekturVorlesung/Konferenz
33:07
KünstlervereinigungAtelier Le CorbusierHausVorlesung/Konferenz
34:23
PrivatgrundstückArbeitszimmerVorlesung/Konferenz
35:31
ArbeitszimmerHausArchitektSchlafzimmerZimmerBaublockGebäudeKünstlervereinigungVorlesung/Konferenz
37:55
GrundrissSäulenordnungBaublockHausMiniaturmodellBesprechung/InterviewVorlesung/Konferenz
40:08
PräfigurationGeschoss <Bauwesen>HausBaublockVorlesung/Konferenz
41:20
ErdbauZimmerVorlesung/Konferenz
42:29
WasserwaageVorlesung/Konferenz
43:46
InnenarchitekturHausPräfigurationVorlesung/Konferenz
47:05
ErdbauPrivatgrundstückBesprechung/InterviewVorlesung/Konferenz
48:14
FuturismusErdbauCityVorlesung/KonferenzBesprechung/Interview
49:25
MiniaturmodellVorlesung/Konferenz
50:41
PräfigurationEpochenstilProfilblechArchitekturVorlesung/Konferenz
51:49
TraggerüstInnenstadtGebäudeCityNeue SachlichkeitLandschaftsarchitekturPrivatgrundstückVerkehrsstraßeKünstlervereinigungVorlesung/Konferenz
53:05
GebäudeVorlesung/Konferenz
54:14
VerkehrsstraßeSchiebfensterÖffentlicher RaumVorlesung/Konferenz
55:22
ArchitekturNeue SachlichkeitGebäudeVorlesung/Konferenz
56:34
EmpireGrundrissVorlesung/Konferenz
57:59
MiniaturmodellWasserwaageVorlesung/Konferenz
59:16
Geschoss <Bauwesen>FuturismusErdbauVorlesung/Konferenz
01:00:30
TraggerüstArchitekturVorlesung/KonferenzBesprechung/Interview
01:02:01
VerkehrsstraßeCityBaublockArbeitszimmerUrbanitätHausProfilblechGebäudeBesprechung/InterviewVorlesung/Konferenz
01:06:56
GebäudeErdbauPrivatgrundstückPräfigurationNeue SachlichkeitVorlesung/KonferenzBesprechung/Interview
01:08:33
WasserwaageBauernhausCityGebäudeBesprechung/InterviewVorlesung/Konferenz
01:09:49
InnenarchitekturGebäudeMiniaturmodellErdbauBesprechung/InterviewVorlesung/Konferenz
01:11:02
MiniaturmodellCityGebäudeVerkehrsstraßeProfilblechEinschnitt <Bautechnik>Besprechung/InterviewVorlesung/Konferenz
01:14:49
CityVerkehrsstraßeNeue SachlichkeitBaublockGeoinformationssystemVorlesung/KonferenzBesprechung/Interview
01:16:57
GebäudeNeue SachlichkeitMiniaturmodellBesprechung/InterviewVorlesung/Konferenz
01:19:17
Neue SachlichkeitMiniaturmodellVorlesung/KonferenzBesprechung/Interview
01:20:55
ArchitekturErdbauArbeitszimmerTraggerüstCityVorlesung/KonferenzBesprechung/Interview
01:24:07
Neue SachlichkeitEmissionFlieseVorlesung/Konferenz
01:27:30
EmissionMiniaturmodellWasserwaageBesprechung/InterviewVorlesung/KonferenzComputeranimation
Transkript: Englisch(automatisch erzeugt)
00:06
For the morning, my name is Susanna Milan. First I'm going to make a brief presentation of the conference and then we'll start with 20 minutes, as you know. Well, first we have the presentation of Yannen Alberiak from Middle East Technology University
00:29
from Turkey, and with the author of Ruiko Wasu from Lisbon University, Portugal. Well, she's going to be the first conference to present the first
00:43
conference of Z-Tolerance, three-dimensional abstract representations of the immigration issues in Europe. Well, the second one is going to be Ana Luisa Maffini, at the right side. Ana Luisa Maffini is from Rio Grande do Sul
01:00
Federal University, Brazil, and the other author is Clarice Maraschine, and the title is Urban Segregation and Social-Spatial Interactions, a
01:22
from Penobuco Catholic University from Brazil is the other author, and also Ana Luisa is from the same university. The subject, Design strategies and Sexism in Domestic Spaces, a critical analysis of three modernist
01:41
social housing icons. Last one, Katarina Ruivo. Katarina, you know, Katarina is from the house, so Katarina is from the organization from Portugal, and she's making the presentation SCAVA, Space Configuration Accessibility and
02:02
Visibility Analysis, a 3D space syntax approach, and the other authors are also known from you, Franklin, David, and George Vash. Well, 20 minutes for its presentation. At the end, I hope we will have time, it depends on the organization. We have the debate, so we'll start now. Thank you so much.
02:25
I am Gianna Nalbaira Colasso. I'm a PhD student in Middle East Technical University. Today I'm not going to present you something related with my thesis, but I'm going to present a side project that we made a proposal for an exhibition that aims to raise awareness to migration issues
02:44
in Europe, and we named this exhibition Z-Tolerance. Migration is the highlight of sensitive debates with increasing media focus, and these issues are mainly presented by charts, statistics, proportions, numbers, but in
03:04
this study we proposed to use a visual abstract language to address these issues, and within the context of our research we use the migrant as an umbrella term to refer to someone that moved away from their country permanently or semi-permanently due to some social,
03:24
economic, and cultural reasons. Within the context of this paper, we specifically studied three cases of current migration issues. Even though the general tendency in the media is to address migration as a state of crisis,
03:42
it doesn't necessarily represent a state of crisis, and even some countries are trying to promote migration to their country by offering legal advantage rights to the migrants. For example, Portugal is giving residency rights to foreign investors through the Golden visa program, and
04:07
for many Turkish people to live and invest in Portugal, not only through Golden visa and not only through the investments, but also Portugal is now giving national to the Sephardic Jews. And the second aspect we studied
04:22
is related to the strengthening borders. The fortified border between Spain and Morocco obviously is contrast with the previous case I mentioned with Portugal in inviting migrants. And the third aspect we studied
04:42
is the crossing forbidden borders. We studied this aspect through the relationship of Tunisia and Italy. This is an interesting topic, keeping in mind that until 1980s the Tunisians didn't even need a visa to enter Italy. And we decided to use Islamic geometric patterns to address these migration
05:02
issues as a general language. Islamic geometric patterns are the mostly used visual element in Islamic art and architecture. Even though their final composition is very complex, the generational rule for these patterns are very simple. A compass and a ruler are only the tools needed to draw and
05:22
design these patterns. And most of the Islamic patterns are based on representation and tessellation of a single motive into a more complex composition. According to the symmetry and the use of grid are the main design principles. These regular design principles makes Islamic geometric
05:46
patterns very easily, very suitable for algorithmic generation because they follow basic simple rules. Not only this aspect, but the second aspect why we decided to use Islamic geometric patterns is because due to
06:01
the overlap of where we see Islamic geometric patterns intersects with the observed follow of people in the European migration, namely North Africa, South Europe and Middle East. And dealing with the migration it
06:21
is very important to understand how changing points of view shifts perception. And anamorphosis delivers the same message through the physical distortion of perspective. Anamorphosis has several meanings but there are basically two types of anamorphism. First one is in the first one the
06:42
distorted images gain shape and gain meaning when we looked from a specified standing point. And in the second time the distortion of them is more complex and we need a mirror or a lens to see the image and for image to gain meaning. And since anamorphosis also follows the
07:05
rules of perspective and their rule-based nature makes them also proper for algorithmic generation as well. We use parametric modeling in our design and we use this type of formal method in order to
07:25
translate the migration issues that are generally represented by a daily language into a visual language. So we use the parametric modeling as a translator. And our parametric model involves two stages. First stage is
07:43
the anamorphic for generation of the anamorphic form and the second stage is related to do how we are going to build this flying lines. And we wanted our final object need to be a buildable structure that can be
08:02
manufactured by CAM technologies and specifically in this case we use PETG transparent sheets and CNC cutter. First we defined an outlining cube and in this outlining cube we have two Islamic patterns.
08:23
In the Y equal to zero plane we define an Islamic geometric pattern from migrants sending country and in the X equals to zero plane we define an Islamic geometric pattern from the migrant receiving country in the cases that I had previously mentioned
08:42
three cases. And then we calculate the minimum number of control points in order to draw these patterns and then we merge them into the 3D outlining cube. And here the control points of the first Islamic pattern
09:02
from the migrant sending country are merged into the control points of the migrant receiving country. For the X coordinates it was direct forward that the control points of the X coordinates of the 3D
09:21
object are derived from the pattern that is defined in X-Z plane and Y coordinates of the control points are defined as from the pattern that is defined in Y-Z plane. However here the key point is the definition of Z control points because this information is derived from these two
09:42
specified patterns and we needed to find the convergence for this point. Accordingly we came up with the idea of defining this Z merge points as within a tolerance value. That also Z tolerance named our exhibition and according to this different Z tolerance values we can we
10:07
could generate different design alternatives. But through this process we also wanted to deliver some migration aspects. And here we studied three cases which is social and cultural exclusion,
10:26
integration and assimilation. When the Z tolerance values are so small, are not so small, are zero, the Z control points cannot merge into a 3D form and when the Z tolerance values are so high the patterns can merge but
10:43
sometimes one pattern deforms so much that it loses readability and it loses its basic design principles. Through this defined definition of Z tolerance value what we wanted to represent is the tensions arising from merging of different cultures. In our physical case it is a merging of different Islamic
11:04
geometric patterns and in our cases that we decided to build we always use the Z tolerance values for the case of integration or exclusion and assimilation. So within the context of this study we built three
11:24
installations. First one we use Islamic pattern from stone carvings of Akhmed Rezegh in Turkey and we merge it with the tile pattern from National Tile Museum in Lisbon. This is the model. In the second case a pattern on
12:01
a wooden door panel in a Zouk in Marrakesh in Morocco is merged with the tile pattern of Alcazar of Sevilla in Spain. In our third model we use a
12:31
tile pattern from the Qibla wall in the Great Mosque of Chiron with the tile pattern from Montreal Cathedral in Palermo, Italy. And after this our design
13:00
process didn't finish with designing these installations because we also
13:03
needed to specify the specific standpoints for the people who visit exhibition so that they have to stand in a specific position for these geometric patterns to come into the meaning and they could see these patterns. And we use some mathematical hand calculations with
13:26
photographic techniques to calculate these specific standing points. And as a continuation of our research we propose to also computationally compute these standing points. There are a lot of previous work related to anamorphism
13:45
and migration but our contribution in this research was mainly on two points. First one is that not only through the final form but the form finding process we wanted to represent these migration
14:03
issues so we designed each step of our process to have some background meaning for this and background relation with these migration issues. And through the mixed use of parametric modeling mathematical calculations and photographic techniques we tried to develop a formalized method
14:26
for the perception based aspect of the anamorphic perspective. And thank you for listening. Good morning, almost good afternoon. My name is Ana Luisa. I'm from
14:52
the beginning of my dissertation study. I'm a master's student in the
15:00
university and I work on this with my supervisor Clarissa Marasquin. So we were trying to study urban segregation from the perspective of the social spatial interactions and trying to find ways of measuring it. So we start with the
15:24
idea that space is an integral part of the outsider problem. The way in which space is organized affects the perception of the other either as a foreign and threatening or as simply different. So the idea was that by being able to interact with or see the other, see the different people, we were
15:45
able to have a better empathy towards the other and not just consider it completely threatening. So the main ideas of segregation that we start using and approaching was from the idea of restriction of interaction
16:06
from Fremont and then usually in architecture and urban planning we see it as separation and can be separation of people, activities, and functions and Vilasa also talks about any form of exclusion that manifests itself in a
16:24
special manner in the city. So there are two main approaches to segregation which is the geographical and the sociological approach. Historically the geographical approach has been more used when it comes to urban planning and architecture studies of segregation which is analyzing the locational
16:45
patterns of housing and especially in Brazil that's the main approach that's been doing but with the development of new technologies and better ways of gathering data and information it's been now easier to study
17:05
segregation from a morphological configuration approach which takes in consideration the description of segregation with relationships between people, activity, and spaces and they can account for the daily routines of
17:21
individuals and their movement in the public spaces. So one is not an evolution of the other, neither is better, it's just a different approach than now with the new data information it's been easier to study. So the main goal of the work was to analyze segregation as a restraint of social
17:41
special interactions and to seek new forms of evaluating and measuring in a more relevant, specially more relevant way. So we present a methodology of analysis using configurational models and we develop an empirical application in a small Brazilian city, Birubao, which is
18:03
in South Brazil. So to better understand how we are approaching this we have to take in account the Latin America context where segregation is basically from socio-economic roots. We do have gender segregation and racial
18:20
segregation but when it manifests in space it's usually socio-economic segregation and Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America but it ranks amongst the highest indicators of income inequality in the world. It's the 10th most unequal country in the world and the first in income concentration among the richest 1% of the population. So when we approach this
18:48
from a urban spatial configuration we consider that models are simplified representations of reality so they don't account for everything that
19:00
has in the city, it needs to have some simplifications and they assume that city can present hierarchical patterns of spatial differentiation that influence other aspects. We use methodologies of disaggregating in city into components and their relationships. We
19:22
provide the analytical basis for the calculation and the models they all assume the shortest path hypothesis and for that the city, any city would exhibit a spatial differentiation. So in here we see how the city map is
19:41
transforming street segment representation that then is read by a software as a graph representation. So because we use street segment representation every segment of street between two corners is one segment and then that segment becomes a node in the graph representation and its
20:04
relation to the other segments becomes the links in the graph. There has been other studies about this, Feitosa, which is a Brazilian author is studying it using indexes of evenness and clustering, exposure and
20:24
isolation and Legeby studying the co-presence values using spatial syntax and Vinicius Natto is study segregation with the possibility of encounters and he has done some studies considering the movements of
20:43
people using different transportation modes. The methodologies that we are proposing and approaching analyzes segregation as based on configurational models. We use a centrality model to represent the probability of interaction between individuals from different social
21:02
economic strata. We build two scenarios regarding to high and low income resident flows towards the retail shops. We compare those two scenarios and try to identify the spaces with the higher and lower potentials for interaction in
21:21
the city and from that we grasp a first measure of segregation. So the centrality property is a property of a cell being along the path that connects to other cells and their hierarchy is given by the total number of times this one cell appears in the path connecting all pairs of cells of a
21:44
system. We are using the weighted between the centrality because it considers tensions, it takes into account attributes and the relation with the distance so the tension reflects the relationship between two
22:01
points expressed by the product of its contents, its attributes and the distance refers to the extension of the shortest path between each pair of points and it increases as the centrality of each cell interpose in the path decreases. So it allows for computing the tensions generated
22:23
between activities in the system working as an indicator of the social flow of individuals moving through the spatial system to perform those activities. And here we have the mathematical formula for this and for
22:41
us the biggest importance of using the weighted between a centrality was to be able to add the attributes and take into account the distance because when we're talking about segregation distance had a very it was a very important attribute for us. So the steps for the methodology were to represent the
23:06
city as a network defined in the discrete units of urban space to be used. We chose street segments because we are considering the geographical distance so for us to use actual maps the distance would be, I forgot the word
23:25
in English, it wouldn't be the best approach to use the actual map so we went with street segments. We use data from the Brazilian Institute of Geographic and Statistics because it was a small city that we could check
23:42
every street to see if matched the real one. We were able to use open street map to update because the data we have from the Ibergere was from 2010 so there were a little bit of changes. We use data on the residents corresponding to the amount of population in each street segment also
24:04
from the Ibergere data and they provided a network of these sectors in a shapefile format which we use in the GIS environment and the total population were distributed through the district segments. So this is the
24:22
city of Iberoba. We had to draw the street segments map and then turn into the the graph. We had to distinguish the residents by income strata so we defined them in three different categories, low which were
24:44
families up to three and a half minimum wage, medium and high. That was also a very difficult part because we had to consider the economics of the city because one minimum wage for a small town in the countryside had a
25:05
different impact than a minimum wage in the capital of the state so all of that had to be taken into account and compared with reality and the value of the minimum wages was from 2010 so it was very low in Brazil at
25:20
the time. That's why the minimum wages are separated in the way. We had to obtain the data for the retail establishment which we did in a few research and the data relating the attributes of the population and the retail activities were organized in tables in the GIS environment and
25:45
imported to the software Midi dos Urbanas to perform the configuration analysis. For this paper we used all the retail establishment as the same level of attractiveness. We did not distinguish them by number of
26:01
employers or the size or anything. We used the geometrical distance and the results obtained were then reintroduced to the GIS platform for us to be able to evaluate and compare the two results. So Iberoba is a city that has
26:22
three main districts because two districts are very rural. We chose to only use the more urban one. It has a population of approximately 20,000 inhabitants and this is the distribution of residents by income. In
26:42
here is the downtown area and here we have new social housing projects that don't show up because the data is from 2010. The new housing projects are later and also we had a difficulty with the calculation because this is a
27:04
road that passes by the city that has a very high flow of trucks and transportation for industry so people avoid using the this road and
27:21
if we had used the topological calculation this would show up as just one step and would alter the results. And these are the location of the establishment and they are very much concentrated in the downtown and the main avenue and this was our first result of the weighted centrality for
27:46
the high income strata. We can see that the paths with the highest results were all around the downtown and in the results for the weighted centrality in low income strata also the highest results are in downtown but
28:04
they start to shift towards where the people are living and then we have to make a comparison. For that we use a bivariate map analysis in which we gather the results for the high income strata and divided in three
28:22
categories A, B and C and for the results in the low income strata we divided in one, two and three. We then made the comparison and the results we were most interest were the 1A which was the most likely results for
28:42
encounter where there was a high value for both income strata and 1C and 3A were the results that we considered there will be more segregation where there was the least likely for encounter. When we did the comparison
29:03
the only result that we were interested in appeared was the 1A. The 1C and 3A did not show up because when we thought that the reason for that was what we believe is because all the retail establishment is in the downtown
29:20
everybody has to go downtown so it's not segregated city when it comes to retail establishment the path people use they all shop in the same places so the conclusions were that we aim to demonstrate how a configurational methodology could be used for identifying segregation or not
29:42
and it allows for us to use different social attributes and special factors like because we only use retail establishments on this one but you could use any attributes you can use for shopping for studying working anything and also the modeling implies simplification based on the data
30:05
available but you could if you had the data you could add as much attributes as you like you could consider the transport system people use high income people have different transportation access than the low
30:22
income so all of that could be applied to the to this methodology we did not use because we did not have the data or the time for that but that all could be done thank you very much good afternoon late morning my
30:43
name is Ana Luisa I'm here to present Larissa's work actually that was done in her undergrad thesis last year so it's I consider it's an initial approach to sort of a classic space syntax type of analysis that was pretty much
31:02
motivated but what was happening in Brazil back then last year so this was what is our current president so it's probably familiar with the scenario in a little bit but last year in women's day he went on TV and all kinds of
31:22
media and stated what he thought about women and so I just highlight here the sort of most dramatic part of his speech which is women are beings that belong to the home and and so forth it went on for about I don't know how how long this speech was but there were a lot of lots of students
31:43
trying to address the scenario is it really the case and Larissa's work is it goes into investigating if domestic space translates that or not another motivation was what the UN United Nations mentioned that an even division
32:06
of household chores plays a big big role in sort of the disadvantage of women in terms of how much women how many women actually have formal jobs
32:24
obviously this has been seen through advertising specifically these are American North American advertising where it seems that domesticity is always or tends to be represented by the human the woman presence of or character if
32:43
you will so the man sits here while the woman is back there and and so forth so the overall question was to ask if architecture somehow confirms that or if there's some shifts and in three iconic projects that were all
33:05
supposedly done under some socialist ideas so the the three projects that we will look at me so I don't know if you can look the can see the red they all have collective spaces such as kitchens and laundries and they were
33:26
the emergence context where there were attempts I cannot show in the paper you can read more about it that the context when they occurred there was already talk about dissociating women from household activities so these
33:41
are the cases we'll try to present here so Russian project in our confine the unit a petition by Le Corbusier and pedagogy or Mendis Horseshoe complex in Rio de Janeiro in common they were all built somehow considering
34:01
rationalized or industrialized principles into at least the conception I wouldn't say construction proceed and incorporating collective housekeeping services and the the idea was that we would look at that especially in
34:21
relation to the sale the housing unit sale if by having this sort of collective equipment the spatial relations in the unit would have some sort of alteration as opposed to being segregated and as it happens in most cases so this is the structure here of what we are going to look at and of
34:45
course I'm not gonna read that because I think we've been talking about this the theoretical basis and analytical basis of the investigation relies on space syntax basic principles and the idea that of genotypes borrowed from Julian Hansen
35:05
and some other authors as well as Amorim who was not here anymore he studies he just had to leave this morning but he studies domestic spaces modernist domestic spaces in Brazil and has contributed a lot to the study of domestic space in the field of space syntax so in this previous studies we
35:27
went back to them and compare put them together the studies by Henson and Amorim. Henson studies houses by architects in Europe and then Amorim studies modernist houses in Brazil and they use the idea of rank order of
35:45
space integration and in the Brazilian households studied by Amorim the maid's bedroom is always the most segregated environment of the system only 25% of the entire sample of both Henson and Amorim has a kitchen as more
36:04
integrated space so this is previous studies that we looked at just as a reference in terms of the methodology of course they're different completely different examples from the ones we are looking but they were housing domestic spaces and again we were interested in this methodology of analyzing the rank
36:26
order of integration by focusing on sectors private sector service sector and social sector of the house to ask question if there should be we can come to a genotype of of these sectors in these projects so so the
36:49
question is is that whether this logic of modernist design of spaces was different in social housing projects that had collective systems of domestic services so so this is the previous genotype established by Amorim
37:08
and Henson and you can see here P is a private meaning bedrooms service kitchens and other laundry spaces and S is a social living rooms and more less
37:23
private spaces here so this is the first project it was actually thought of to have another block here but it ended up being built like this an isolated laundry here collective laundry and the housing and some I want to say
37:44
like a event space here but not household none of the household collective shores were actually done in the same building block where people lived and we looked into every each of these projects we looked into two
38:01
cells and the criteria was that the more recurrent cells within the same building block and of course the access to floor plans that we we had to have somehow in order to generate the the plan so these were the cells we looked for the Russian project on some these are how it's occupied today
38:22
today I'm gonna go everybody knows the unit a I'm pretty sure and so women is shown here but it's also shown like this the other project is the project this project was done I should just talk a little bit more about it
38:40
because maybe it's less familiar to you it was done by the Department of Popular Housing an interesting fact is that the Department of Popular Housing was run by a woman a common protein and she had very firm ideas on certain of eliminating unnecessary spaces from the dwelling unit specifically launders so we wonder if that would affect what actually
39:05
happens in the unit not so much but a little bit better than the others that what we came to find in the end so that's the the unit we look at this is you go up it's a duplex and this is a sort of like a t0 here in
39:23
Lisbon in Portugal so this is very quickly some aspects related to each of these projects so we have some common aspects I guess that the Google was the most specific ones in on the speech if you read the documentation on the conception of the project there's also there's specific mention of
39:44
eliminating this sort of house choice basis from the housing the the unit and we looked at this ideas in the scale of the complex as a whole and
40:01
then at the unit so some these in this case is here this is service space laundry and kitchen this one laundry here of course it's a different typology but segregation wise it's as segregated as the other ones
40:21
relatively speaking and here that's the collective laundry so the physical continuity of the ground floor this three complexes they they we see that that it occurs primarily in convivial spaces not in the service areas that's
40:44
what happens here right then for the Google and the unity yeah we ran convex VGA analysis analysis of the block itself for the three projects and then the day unit and we can see here that the control the access to
41:04
the housing units it's marked by this lack of connection between service and leisure or gathering spaces and this is some of the other analysis that's showing where the laundry because we didn't do the kit the
41:22
collective kitchen for all three projects because we couldn't find exactly kitchen for all of them for busiest project does not have a collective kitchen so it was difficult to compare one because the other one didn't have that same kind of space so so we inside the laundry laundries are obviously it integrated easy for people to kind of
41:46
see each other in work but when it comes to the relation of that space within the system then that doesn't necessarily happen and then we went to the units and 80% of the sample in 80% of the sample and I'll analyze
42:06
kitchens constitutes segregated space compared to our dwelling spaces and evident access restrictions to the service sector it obviously if you compare to the to the more social spaces like living rooms and so forth
42:22
these are the visual analysis for the units and a pedagogy is the one that we thought and you can see here that's where the kitchen is has slightly better interaction between living spaces maybe if you if you compare to
42:41
kitchens also did some graph analysis of three cases in 80% of them a kitchen is at the same depth level as a living so it's they are probably easily accessible kitchens in terms if you compare to the living spaces and this
43:07
is overall picture of what we analyze we have you know square footage that integration of every unit and and then we did it so sorry this is per complex
43:22
and now this is isolating the units themselves so the morphology of the cells express a polarization of living spaces dedicated to performing households activities however if when we relate integration to visibility maps
43:41
then the more integrated visually connected spaces remain only in the social sector so somehow we can say that there's some evidence that if we think that women by that time were mostly not formally employed by working in household chores we can say that this sexist aspects of society can be
44:05
attributed to the inner sex ability in absence of connections from those spaces with the remaining more social spaces within the units and so the question is there a genotype is it the same or each one of the systems
44:23
have their own genotype so this is what we came up with and so pedagogy has a more even balance between social service in private sectors but
44:41
on the others is pretty much they are all different slightly different from from each other but nevertheless social is always more integrated than all the spaces so some of the conclusions would be we couldn't find a common genotype so each typology in these three cases have their own set of primary
45:01
information we found similarities in the position occupied by the service sector in the rank order of the integration sector we also found that 40% of the service sector remains in second position you know for sorry five genotypes the 20% of a service sector is only 20% of the service sector scaled
45:25
as more integrated and overall even though we're talking about different projects if you compare the ones analyzed by a moody enhancing with those 20% of our sample has identical genotypes to those are observed by the
45:41
authors and also in common that service sector is the most segregated within the system this is just an illustration of because as we found here that is a more even situation maybe it has to do with the role that coming played in
46:01
in the direction of the Department of Public Housing in Rio we don't know that for sure but it's it's quite possible so basically did I know it's a very preliminary finding but we can say that at least in these structures it
46:21
seems that there's a sort of perpetuation of the gender stereotypes in the domestic spaces going forward I couldn't be here she's applying for her master's right now but going forward we are looking into social housing spaces especially northern Europe that were designed by women and the participatory
46:44
process and then would be interesting to kind of see if if it's designed by women and then having participation during the process if something happens within the cell that reveals a more integrated spaces where there's less separation between household chores and living spaces I guess that's it thank you
47:08
hello I'm going to present now part of an ongoing project of the research
47:21
lab that's organizing the event we've been developing a software for the analysis of three-dimensional space that is based on space syntax methodology it has actually been presented on Monday by Antonio on a work
47:41
we did together with a physicist design studio so the software itself is operational and we're very enthusiastic about seeing it used for all kinds of uses but a lot of it it's still working process and progress and
48:04
so here I'll focus mostly on the problems we have encountered so far and that we've been dealing with them so this was initially going to be the final slides of this presentation as there are more of a note on future work
48:26
but I also have to kind of call this problem one and the sort of motivation for us because well you guys probably noticed that we have been taking you
48:40
to all these places with very great to use so you are very aware that Porto is not really a flat city and it kind of makes sense that it's a first encounter the necessity of creating the software obviously space
49:04
syntax has not been oblivious to the question of topography and three-dimensionality and this problem has been approached before but what we have been finding is that a three-dimensional approach and besides being a possible solution for this problems that space syntax has been
49:22
encountering and being able to incorporate three-dimensional qualities into it it's also a tool that allows us to discover new problems and new ways of dealing with spatial analysis so for those who don't know adapting the
49:48
two-dimensional methodology meant a shift in the conceptual model traditionally in VGA analysis that have something like this which is a space
50:01
partitioned by grid in a squared grid where all the points are put in relation with each other and is this relation when analyzing different ways that's the basis for the different measures developed in space syntax methodology when the model is three-dimensional then our grid
50:21
starts looking at something like this and we can not look at all the points in the same way anymore it's kind of obvious and intuitive that now we have a set of points that represent the space where people can actually be and so the space from where they see the loyalty of spaces and then all
50:48
the space and surfaces that are seen from those points so this results in both a series of different representations for the analysis of space but in different types types of analysis as well you can still have
51:05
the same type of traditional two-dimensional analysis from all the viewing points in the grid to each other and then which we have on the first picture there we have also the analysis of all the scene surfaces and
51:22
seen space from all the viewing points and then we have something that we haven't really not explored but we are planning on doing which is the analysis of the entire spatial grid which we believe could bring very interesting concepts to the analysis of architectural form and style so this is
51:46
one of the problems that initially brought us to want to study because of the music building by Ama in the center of Porto it's in the business center of the city in a roundabout that marks the beginning of six
52:03
kilometers long axis connecting the center of the city to the western side of it to the ocean. When the project appeared it was a controversial decision to have it there and at the time it's generated
52:23
this big public debate on placing a big architectural object in the center of the city it was often compared to the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the effect it had there so what we said to understand was a very three-dimensional
52:43
problem how great an impact the building really had in the area where it was built so we defined the area to study as the roundabout garden that you see there the plot where the building is it's also encompasses a large
53:04
area of design collective exterior space and the beginning of the streets leading up to it so this was the first time we encountered the problem of trees and vegetation when doing three-dimensional analysis of visibility I'm not going to
53:22
explain this in detail because Antonio already presented it in a much more developed version of the approach it took to this problem but very quickly this is when we started working on integrating into the software the ability to generate geometries to which we could give attributes in this case the
53:41
case of trees we gave them percentage of transparency according to different times of the year in the summer they would be almost opaque greatly impacting the visibility people have in the area and in the winter they would allow for much greater compression of buildings that define space so this gave us two sets of results one for summer months and the other for winter
54:05
months that we kept comparing so we have summer months below and winter months is up there and then we also took advantage of the ability that we
54:24
had to define which points can see space and created different paths for different ways of people perceiving the space according to where they are and the way they use it so in this image I'm showing you these three different four different paths one from inside roundabout where like the
54:47
people cross to get from one side of the other of that area at the height of two meters which is a bit taller than high side then the view from the streets a bit lower because that there's people in cars a view from the
55:06
on the design public space and the view from the window the big window of Casa de Música so what we can see going back to the problem of monumentally and urban impact is that Casa de Música well definitely an
55:23
architectural object that search to separate itself from what's around it doesn't really have this Guggenheimish quality of monumentality that people were so afraid at at a time in fact only when we only take into account the space surrounding the building is it more visible than the rest of the
55:46
buildings that define that space regarding this space like surrounding the Casa de Música we were all able to collaborate with Anton Tejada who was studying movement patterns of people around the building for his master
56:04
thesis and Galis's higher school of education using video tracking and while I'm not going to try to go into detail on the complexities of what he did and the way he captured the different kinds of ways people use the space it was very interesting for us to be able to compare and exchange results
56:25
with him as an empirical basis for what we were doing and now I'm quickly trying to show a much different problem that was more it's more of a practical application of three-dimensional analysis of visibility
56:42
into the organization of a more controlled space so this kind of retail spaces have been studied in space syntax often in parallel with empirical data and results systematically show that how people
57:03
behave in these spaces depends on a very complex set of variables that go beyond the spatial qualities so for example it often depends on pre-knowledge people have of expected spatial relations between products and also of a set of visual cues and information that is made available to people in
57:22
these spaces so like you have information science telling you where things are you have promotional ads bringing it to certain points of space and so we have chosen to study the layout of an existing
57:44
supermarket so that we could have besides the plan and the detail of the expositive elements information on some key products and where they were located that and these are things that most people you search for when they
58:02
visit a supermarket and so here we have the model and these are horizontal sections of space that go from meter to meter and the top ones
58:24
are at ground level going up to the ceiling and what was interesting about this analysis is that it allowed us to understand that the areas that at eye level are not really visible are exactly the same that you can see the
58:44
best when looking up at information on the ceiling and the thing about this case was that it was a very small case so it was faster to compute and faster to model and we could really experiment on it and so what we
59:03
wanted was to experiment with all the kinds of three-dimensional of kinds of the representations that the three-dimensional model allowed for and they did all give us different information about space we have there
59:20
on your left the identification of points in space that can see most of other points in space so in this case we didn't use we didn't define the viewing points as being on the ground but as being up there so we could for
59:42
example understand where you could place security cameras and then on the other image yet you we go back to having people standing on the floor and we identify for example good location to put the security
01:00:04
So, okay, I'm going back to the slides that I showed at the beginning, that I intended to be at the end, as notes on future work. We are now working on three major things, and I think I have touched very lightly
01:00:21
on them during the presentation, which is, well... First off, we are meant to integrate this with CAD tools so that modelling something as large as the historical centre of Porto doesn't take so much time, and it's more operational,
01:00:41
and we may finally properly approach the motivational problem. Also, we still need to adapt spacing text measures. So far, we've worked with analysis of visibility, but we haven't yet looked at how we can really
01:01:03
take advantage of three-dimensionality when using spacing text measures. And the third one relates to this last one, and it's to explore what the three-dimensional grid can get us in terms of spatial and architectural analysis.
01:01:20
So, thank you. ...some questions, but I'd like to propose for the others to put a list of generated data in the data.
01:01:45
So, I would have three questions for three of you. First, I would like to start with the first, Ana Luisa.
01:02:03
To you, it's not a question. It's more like a suggestion in case of the research will go on. I don't know if it will or not, but I enjoyed very much your presentation, particularly thinking that you are a master student yet.
01:02:23
As I saw that Vinicius Neto is one of your references, I know that now he's working on something that could be a further step for your research. You showed us a map that revealed a configurational approach.
01:02:46
You were trying to understand the system of streets. Then you showed us another map with the distribution of income and tried to relate those two things. It's something that is being explored by space syntax and by other configurational approaches.
01:03:04
The thing that Vinicius is trying to do now is to, when you go to that map of the distribution of income, you have people living in each of these street blocks.
01:03:20
And what he does is to study what these people do during the day. They turn their cell phones on, and so he traces their movement along the city so that he can understand in which streets of a city, in the case of Rio de Janeiro,
01:03:44
in which streets of the city do poor people get in touch with rich people. I'm simplifying. But he is really achieving a more dynamic reading of this relation
01:04:03
between the urban form and society income. So, if you want to pursue this line of research, perhaps talking to Vinicius could be a good thing. So, I don't have a question, it's just this.
01:04:22
So, the second would be for the second Ana Luisa. I've also enjoyed very much your presentation. And mine would be a genuine question. It's not a provocative one like Franklin would do. It's more like a genuine.
01:04:42
And let's pretend that we don't know Julian Hansen. Let's pretend that we don't know Amorim. Do you think that when we look at an application of space syntax to the city, take for instance the map of Caterina, the city of Porto,
01:05:03
she showed very fast an axial map. So, she was studying the city with space syntax. Then you could be studying very complex buildings. For instance, in Brazil, Valerio Mulaidu studies
01:05:22
legislative power buildings, or it could be hospitals or universities like Trezetor does. So, this is two different things. Then you can have, for instance, Caterina showed a retail.
01:05:40
And then you could have, for instance, a house with just 30 meters square. Do you think that the relevance of space syntax tools is the same when we go through these so different things? And so this would be the second, if Caterina wants to answer to that.
01:06:02
It's also OK. And my question to Caterina would be, somewhere along your presentation, you told us that your analysis of Casa da Musica,
01:06:22
if I understood it well, revealed that it was a non-disturbing building and that to me came as... I'm not questioning the relevance of it to be disturbing, because I think it has the relevance to be disturbing.
01:06:40
I think the location also asks for something disturbing. What I'm asking is you to find it not disturbing. So, that's it. What your analysis showed us was that as an architectural building,
01:07:03
it doesn't disturb the rules of the urban area around it. I, living in Porto, I think it's a very disturbing building and it's in its content, more than in its form.
01:07:21
If you're asking for my personal opinion as someone who really knows the area. And I know I didn't really get into it, because it was not really the scope of the presentation, but I did show a bit of Anton's work and what he analysed, the different types of ways people use the collective space around it,
01:07:44
the exterior space. So, there you have the skateboarders, the skaters, you have the businessmen, you have all these kinds of people who use it in very different ways and very actively. So, honestly, I think that the analysis makes a lot of sense,
01:08:05
because the building in itself, it's not disturbing, but the complete intervention of Alma and that place has changed the place.
01:08:22
So, it's not necessarily a big object that fell there. So, I think that's my answer here. I would just like to say that I'm familiar with Venezia's work and he used big data, I think, from Twitter and other kind of big data.
01:08:47
And for us, we had a short period of time for the analysis and we were trying to use the software that's being developed in university, Numeropolis, but at the time it wasn't finished yet,
01:09:01
so we had to use Mijidez Urbana, which is kind of an old software, it still works, but we had a limitation of the data and information we could add at that moment for the time that it took for the calculations and the proceedings. But yes, of course, I would take it. I think that what you did for your master, it's quite good.
01:09:33
So, your question was if space intake is relevant when you're talking about different sort of complexity levels in buildings.
01:09:44
Is that? Yes. Can you see, starting from the city until, for instance, a farm's workhouse, is it the same, is it as relevant when we are open?
01:10:07
I think that, I think I would answer like that. I think when we're studying domestic spaces, specifically, convex analysis is very useful and I think that's the strength of what we presented here.
01:10:22
But when it comes to axial analysis for the interior of the structures, I don't think in that case it's very relevant, but in the city, definitely more relevant than the buildings. But I would say that space intake does reveal, yes, it's relevant,
01:10:40
but I don't know, I cannot tell you how much more relevant it is for the bigger scale. My work right now, I'm studying museums and we were presenting this paper yesterday on the Museum of Unlimited Growth by Le Corbusier and the Guggenheim.
01:11:00
They were both spiral schemes, but the analysis of space syntax revealed things that apparently the models or just the 3D visualization of those models did not show that. So I do think that it's relevant. But specifically for buildings, I think convex analysis.
01:11:26
Does that help? It's some kind of answer to Victor. It's about the analysis of classical music. Well, what we discovered in space syntax analysis,
01:11:45
and even in Casa da Musica, although flat, it was important as 3D analysis because of the presence of the vegetation, the trees. And we discovered that the visibility of Casa da Musica
01:12:02
is not different from the visibility of any other building in the roundabout and the next street. And we go there. And if we want to see Casa da Musica, it's not very easy to see Casa da Musica. And it's only reduced to that part of the city.
01:12:26
Because if you are in the Boivest Avenue, it's impossible to see Casa da Musica only in its end. Well, the days of Casa da Musica is very, very little.
01:12:40
And we demonstrate that. So I think the RAMCULAs add to, and that makes that Casa da Musica is not monumental in many of the factors that define monument. So I think RAMCULAs add to make another strategy to make that a monument.
01:13:04
And it is the architectural form. It's the Gary effect. Something very odd that makes the attention to Casa da Musica, but not the visibility,
01:13:23
accessibility and any other parameters relating to the strategy of RAMCULAs. I think it's not a big thing that is seen from anywhere. As usual with a big avenue, it's another strategy.
01:13:44
If we want to be mean, we will say the roundabout was refurbished by overseas. Well, more or less in the same time that of Niederselyaz.
01:14:03
In Niederselyaz, overseas cut the trees, all of them making the visibility, for example, of city all very, very bright and all the buildings there. And in Bovista, he maintained completely the trees.
01:14:22
I think overseas cut the visibility of RAMCULAs. This is very provocative. I don't know if it's provocative enough. But, well, of course, Casa da Musica is different.
01:14:44
It meets the eyes by other means, not by a very high degree of visibility from any place in our city. Hi, to Anna. You said that to have the shape of the blocks,
01:15:01
you get a file from Ibergere, right? But then you had to draw the streets. And then this is the question. You manually draw it, or did you get any coding for image retrieving to get this street for you?
01:15:21
And then the second question would be, this kind of analysis that you did, it was easy or quick to do, so that you could reproduce it in many other cities easily? Or it's very time-costing, so just time to do one city at a...
01:15:44
For the city of Biluba, because it's a very small city, we chose to hand draw using CAD programs, all the street segments. But you can transform using GIS software, transform the Bijet blocks into street segments.
01:16:05
It wasn't that much time consuming. The hardest part was to get the data and to organize it. For instance, to get all the locations for the retail establishments. I know that in Brazil you have KNAF, which gives you the information of the data, but I couldn't really use.
01:16:24
So I had to go there and check all the retail establishments, which was the most time consuming part. But for the calculations it was actually really fast. In half a day everything was finished and we were already analyzing the results.
01:16:41
But that's because we used only one attribute, that was the income, and only towards the retail establishments. So I think that if you start adding more attributes it will take more time, but it can definitely be redone in other cities. One of the objects that you presented caught my attention,
01:17:02
which is retail building. I had a chance to work for a company in developing some strategic analysis for the rearrangement of the layout. And one of the things that we figured out was that space syntax couldn't help that much
01:17:22
in terms of what they had previously studied in terms of impulse consumption, consumption society, et cetera. Meaning that they had already a strategy to make you buy things that you didn't want to buy
01:17:42
before you entered the building. And of course visual analysis is now really, really good to deal with things that at that time we didn't have the tool. And what you presented was much more, I would say, space to space observation.
01:18:04
But in retail building what you must do is not space to space observation, but space object view in simple terms, which are the products that are in the lowest places,
01:18:24
or the ones which are on your eye view, the eye position. And the sequence of products they're offered to you while you're moving along the alley. So I think that's the tricky thing about studying retail buildings.
01:18:43
It's exactly dealing with the relationship between movement and what you see notes, not in terms of space to space, but space object in which sequence you have. So then you will be able to start to talk the same language as they are interested in having this kind of conversation.
01:19:05
So in this sense it's not a question, it's just trying to change the model a little bit and instead of doing space to space analysis, space to object visual analysis. Yes, but it's perhaps maybe presentation not very explicit because it's really,
01:19:26
it's the viewing person to the viewed object. It's there, it's there. And what you said, it's real. The space index analysis is not enough because, well,
01:19:44
there is a very discussed question, is the Newtonian question, or the weight question, or the gravity question in space syntax. And we think in a supermarket, shopping is absolutely necessary to consider that there are weights.
01:20:06
And well, the Sonai and the big chains of supermarkets, they know that. And they put the rice in some place. And it's because of that that we produce another model using agent-based analysis.
01:20:27
You can see the televisions, yes. In that model we have attractors and consumers' behavior.
01:20:43
And it brings us something more that space syntax cannot bring to us. I made a research with space syntax some years ago.
01:21:18
And one of the conclusions, because it was a multidisciplinary project,
01:21:23
and we work with different disciplines, and it was really important to work with social methods. And we work with anthropologists to make the connection with the site, with the place, with the people.
01:21:42
And you have to be really careful, because the conclusions of space syntax were completely opposite of the conclusions of the social methods and the work with the people. And because it was not the physical aspects
01:22:01
that were related with the main question of the research. We could not see it. It was invisible. And the aspects are really important to make a study of a place. Because for several years we have methods to know places,
01:22:20
to make research about places, about perception, about use. And this is one more. It's a method that relates with maps and can give us a way to perceive the place, but we have to be careful to use only these factors.
01:22:43
Because if not, the conclusion is not going to help you. For example, the kitchen, the laundry, yes, is perpetuating in the space, in architectural space. I'm curious about the new step of the research related with the participation project,
01:23:02
the things that you are saying that you are going to do. Because you know from the beginning of the century, kitchen, laundry keeps almost the same, doesn't have any kind of transformation. And even the city, the places of retail, stores,
01:23:21
relate with the city center. Yes, we know that people use almost every time that place is. But my question is related with the first presentation because I was really curious and I thought it was really interesting, the thematic.
01:23:41
And even more, when you said that you wanted to understand how this movement, for example, of Sephardic Jews, and that is a theme that I study here in Portugal. And I work with the University of Lisbon about the Sephardic Jews here in Portugal
01:24:02
during history and now. And the Visa Gold and so on. And I was curious to know how this could be represented, this research could be represented in a three-dimensional representation. And you use Islamic representations.
01:24:22
And I don't understand why. Because the cultural fields are completely different. Visa Gold are mainly Chinese communities, for example. Sephardic Jews are not Islamic, they don't have Islamic representation. Why these Islamic patterns to try to give a 3D representation?
01:24:44
Maybe I didn't deliver the, it's very clear in the presentation. These cases we use, that one was specifically related to Turkey and Portugal, that one specifically was related with the Gold and Visa and Sephardic Jews,
01:25:00
was specifically related from Turkey to Portugal case. And the second one was specifically related to Morocco, Spain. And third one to New Zealand. So first, we started with general issues of migration and then we ended up with specific countries. And we use each case, in that case,
01:25:21
we use the specific, we use Islamic geometric patterns because in Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Italy, Morocco, Turkey, and Italy, we see these patterns, that they exist. And this is a kind of universal techniques that we're using that time to,
01:25:42
and it's still, today's still visually visible in these countries. So with Sephardic Jews and Gold and Visa, focus was on Turkey, Portugal, relationship between Turkey and Portugal. And we merge the tile pattern from Turkey with the tile pattern from Portugal.
01:26:02
So we see an object and from far away, we don't understand what it is. But if we are in the correct standpoint, we see that it is related from Turkey to Portugal because it represents, when we go around it, the visual distortion of the perspective represents the flow from Turkey to Portugal.
01:26:24
This is what we wanted to represent. And also there is, in Turkey, this is a... That 3D object relates with that is that are related with the research you are making of the movements. Yeah, it is related to flow of people.
01:26:41
Turkish, in the Gold and Visa case, measure that Turkey constitute one third of the Gold and Visa applications. And also there is a recently increasing number of Sephardic Jews that are accessing dual nationality from Turkey and Portugal. So in the Gold and Visa case, there is also Chinese,
01:27:03
but our focus was from Turkey to Portugal. Yeah, of course. I think that your question is still in my head. I'm thinking here. And now you've kind of pointed towards the same direction.
01:27:21
And I think that what we've been seeing here is a bunch of efforts towards complementary processes and towards space index. So I think that that's gotta be relevant if we're still trying to somehow bring new other ways of complementing some polemical issues like the ones you just said here.
01:27:41
In my case, I'm trying to bridge it with neuroscience. It's in the early stages of it. And it could be a way out of certain sort of personal issues of the level of the user instead of the pattern of the scale space syntax.
01:28:02
So I guess bringing down the scale and comparing to the bigger one could be a path. And in 3D isobis together with I think neuroscience, for instance, could point towards some direction of still proving that it's relevant, but it needs to be sort of complemented.
01:28:23
OK, maybe we should finish to have lunch. Thank you so much.