Case Study of Non-Revenue Water Management of Narok water, Kenya
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| Lizenz | CC-Namensnennung 3.0 Deutschland: Sie dürfen das Werk bzw. den Inhalt zu jedem legalen Zweck nutzen, verändern und in unveränderter oder veränderter Form vervielfältigen, verbreiten und öffentlich zugänglich machen, sofern Sie den Namen des Autors/Rechteinhabers in der von ihm festgelegten Weise nennen. | |
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KiosksystemEinfach zusammenhängender RaumKiosksystemMeterGerade
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CAN-BusDienst <Informatik>ExpertensystemDienst <Informatik>Service providerForcingSystemtechnikFormale SpracheWeb SiteComputeranimation
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CASE <Informatik>ForcingMultiplikationsoperatorHypermediaInhalt <Mathematik>EinflussgrößeResultanteEinsEinfach zusammenhängender RaumUrbild <Mathematik>Selbst organisierendes SystemAutomatische HandlungsplanungBeobachtungsstudieGerichteter GraphInformationsspeicherungVierzigIntelligentes NetzService providerAssoziativgesetzCoxeter-GruppeGruppenoperationPunktSoftwaretestCharakteristisches PolynomDifferenteAbstraktionsebeneLeckFlächeninhaltSoftwareKartesische KoordinatenMapping <Computergraphik>MeterGrenzschichtablösungDatenflussTaskBesprechung/Interview
Transkript: Englisch(automatisch erzeugt)
00:07
Ronald Kennedy, but he could not come here, and I stayed, I worked in Narok water from 2014 to 2016, and developed HOSU's HOSI application for non-revenue water management.
00:26
And I would like to introduce how GIS can approach non-revenue water reduction. And first I want to ask you, how many people know what is non-revenue water?
00:44
Can you raise your hand if nobody knows? Ah, you know. Okay, maybe I will go into the next frame. And first, where is Narok? Kenya is located in East Africa, and Narok is about
01:04
200 kilometers away from Nairobi capital city. And Narok, majority is Maasai people, and population is about 60,000 people. And major economic income is tourism from Maasai
01:22
National Reserve, which is the seventh wonder of the world. It's like wild beasts crossing river, or maybe a lot of animal wildlife. And here I just want to show you, Narok water is here,
01:42
under Ministry of Water, and the county government is an asset of honor, and the county government is dedicated to water service providers here. And our Narok company is, Narok water is here. And about Narok water, it's
02:12
Narok's water supply started from a long time ago, and oldest plant in the 1930s.
02:22
And the 1970s, 80s expanded, and 2016 Japanese government founded to construct a new water treatment plant. So Narok like water treatment plant museum, from oldest one to latest one,
02:42
can see all. And I stayed from 2014, and started to use phosphoryl operations. Before that, Narok water just use a paper map to do the operation of water. And Narok has two
03:03
area to supply water, Narok town and Oronata town. Today I focus about Narok town. Connection is about 4700 household connection. And this is the picture of all the treatment
03:26
plant. This is constructed in 1930s, oldest one. And this is the 1980s. And this design capacity is about 1000 cubic meter per day. But before, it produced 2000
03:49
cubic meter per day. So water quality was very good. Not very bad. And also, this central water
04:01
treatment plant is located in the lower elevation area. So it really high cost to pumping everywhere. And so not enough water in town. And this north water treatment plant is constructed in 2016, founded by Japanese government. And this design capacity is about
04:28
4000 cubic meters. So it is now we have 5000 cubic meter per day. It is enough for 60,000 people. And so this is a picture. This is intake and the pumping from to the treatment
04:53
plant about 80 meters. And this is clarification and sand filters and clear water reservoir.
05:05
And this is a picture of non-revenue water. Non-revenue water is like the leakage. It's burst. And this is also leakage. And there are some, a lot of water left, illegal connection
05:20
like that. And before north water treatment plant constructed, we were about 50, more than 50% of non-revenue water, which is maybe if produced 1000 cubic meter per day, maybe 500 cubic meter lost, cannot get revenue from that water because there is no water. So water
05:51
kiosk, there are very long line. People collect water. And this is what is the non-revenue water.
06:05
And this non-revenue water mainly focus is water losses, which is GIS approach. And water losses divide the two. One is commercial losses and another one is physical
06:25
losses. Commercial losses is like illegal connections or maybe meter reading error. And physical losses is leakage, leakage on distribution pipe or maybe house connection.
06:46
So we minus system input minus revenue water become non-revenue water. And this is my developer's GIS system in Naroq water. We are using post GIS and use
07:11
map server and leaflet. And in non-revenue water, building system is very important.
07:22
But Naroq water's building system is very old system. And the database is the DVF file. So we have the function to import DVF to post GIS to use billing data for non-revenue water
07:41
management. And about the data collection, we use the Torimbo GPS and import to QGIS to correct and edit. But because of the security issue, maybe there are a lot of customer
08:03
information in water company. So our GIS can be used in company network only. And from here, I want to introduce reducing the physical losses leakage. And for reducing physical losses, first we need to map all of water pipeline network
08:28
and install flow meter after water treatment plant or after tank. And then we create historic meter area and we monitor, we measure water volume
08:50
every time. So we can prioritize which DMA needs to be improved. So without mapping
09:06
the water pipeline network, we cannot know how we can reduce the non-revenue water. GIS is very important. And this is our example of the historic meter's area.
09:28
This is Muamba DMA. And because of lack of company budget, flow meter is still not installed yet. But this is central business district area, the DMA,
09:47
we already installed flow meter. And after prioritizing DMA to reduce non-revenue water, we have two options. One is replacement of pipeline, which is very high cost,
10:05
but this is the best way. And another one is leakage detection and repairing. This required budget is less than replacement, but it is still necessary to install some flow
10:22
meters to create DMA. And NAROC got the support from Japan to replace all of network from 2016. So before we have about 40 percent of non-revenue water and we now reduced to 20
10:44
percent of non-revenue water. And the pipeline is new, so leakage is almost reduced. And now it's mostly commercial losses. And about reducing leakage,
11:07
important is recording history of repairing leakage. Our GIS system can produce O&M worksheet with maps. So in Africa, most of the people
11:25
cannot draw map. So if you let them handwrite the map where they repaired, we cannot know the location. So if GIS can produce some template with maps, it is easier to record. And after recording the history of leakage, we can know regular
11:50
point where there is a burst. And from here, it's reducing commercial losses.
12:01
And in the water company, customer care is very important. If customer is not satisfied, water service company cannot get any revenue from customer. And so if there is a GIS, we can search customer from GIS system very easily. And also, we have the function
12:34
to produce the payment information from the GIS system. So
12:43
through those functions, our customer care service improved. And NAROC has a very big issue about the adjustment work. What is the adjustment?
13:02
Meter leader go to household connection over billing intentionally and register reading on the billing system and probably use the water bill. This is a normal procedure. The customer will know too much expensive water. So complain to the company and
13:26
customer care officer and revenue officer discuss with his customer about the corruption. And maybe 1,000 Kenya shipping bill, maybe
13:41
customer care officer can reduce to the 200 shipping and give him 500 shipping for corruption like that. So GIS system import from billing system and export the list of adjustment for manager monitor all of adjustment to try to find out corruption.
14:10
But we still have a lot of corruption. So this is the very big challenge for reducing commercial losses. And also, meter reading is very important.
14:26
And before, we created manually meter reading sheet by Excel. There are a lot of new meter missing. And GIS can produce the meter reading sheet automatically,
14:45
synchronize with the billing system. So we can save costs to create and reduce errors on sheet. And also, new connection registrations is very important to prevent the illegal connections.
15:09
And before, our new connection registers procedure is not good. And customer apply in office or field, but a lot of connection never registered.
15:25
Nobody knows where there is a connection. So we created the new procedure. Customer apply master in office and first register in the Excel sheet
15:40
and make sure to register billing system. After that, GIS produces the uncaptured connection list like this. So mapping people easily to map the new connection.
16:03
The mapping new connection can prevent the illegal connection increase. And also, Nalaku water's budget is limited. So we cannot create a district meter area
16:26
for easy management of Nalaku water. So GIS divided some consumption per village
16:41
to create the consumption list. So instead of DMA, we at least can know the trend of consumption to prioritize the area to reduce non-revenue water. And this is the conclusion of approach to non-revenue water reduction.
17:06
And repairing leakage and recording leakage history, and this is for physical losses reduction and also the placement of pipe and the creation of DMA is a physical losses.
17:26
And for commercial losses is customer cares, works improvement, and detection of corruption from adjustment of work, and improvement of new connection registration to reduce illegal
17:43
connection, and improvement of meter reading accuracy. This is how GIS can approach non-revenue water reduction. But GIS is just starting point for non-revenue water management. After mapping,
18:03
we have to do a lot of things to use the GIS. But for the many WSPs, it is difficult to use GIS because of lack of budget and the knowledge and the human resources.
18:20
So I think HOS4G can make non-revenue water be better for water service providers in Africa. Yeah. That's Ase Oren. Ase Oren, it means thank you in Masai language. Thank you for your attention. Any questions? Yeah.
18:54
Thank you for the presentation. Quick question. Were you able to map the illegal abstraction points to show any similar characteristics to avert any of this in the future? And then
19:05
another question is, are there any remote sensing tools that you would be able to use for the leak detection? Yeah. Thank you for question. About the mapping of illegal connection
19:27
is very difficult because nobody knows where there is illegal connection. That is illegal connection. So important is make the restricted meters area to devise the smaller area
19:45
and measuring water flow every time and water flow and consumption every time and prioritize area. So we can know maybe this area has a lot of illegal connection or leakage and yeah. So leakage also maybe leakage detection also unless we measure water,
20:13
we cannot know where there is water. Maybe we can use some leakage detector to find the leakage
20:25
but without the DMA, it is very difficult to find. Maybe because most of leakage is underground, cannot know. We cannot work without any problem maybe. Yeah. Okay. Yeah.
20:48
How many people does the new plant serve? How many people does the new plant serve? So now I think about 4,700 water connection and if one household has maybe five people,
21:15
maybe 25,000 around there but yeah. Any questions? I've seen some work locally in Kenya of people
21:36
managing such connections and networks using sensor sensors within the network which
21:43
when someone, an organization like NAWASCO would be able to monitor these leakages. So I don't know maybe in your future plans, do you intend to use such technology which is currently being used in other counties within the country? Yeah. Thank you. After I installed
22:16
HOS4G in Narok Water, maybe Narok Water is actually is the first water company in Kenya to
22:24
start using HOS4G and after that other water company asked me about the HOS4G installation in their company. So I just introduced to them our approach
22:46
the several water company in Kenya. So I think now and Kenya, Kenya, Kenya Water Service, there is a Kenya Water Service Providers Association
23:02
which has very active GIS task group and they are very interested in HOS4G application. So and after I left Kenya 2016, I think they still continue to use HOS4G for leakage detection.
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