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Dipolar Rydberg-atom gas prepared by adiabatic passage through an avoided crossing

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Dipolar Rydberg-atom gas prepared by adiabatic passage through an avoided crossing
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Abstract
The passage of cold cesium 49S Rydberg atoms through an electric-field-induced multi-level avoided crossing with nearby hydrogen-like Rydberg levels is employed to prepare a cold, dipolar Rydberg atom gas. When the electric field is ramped through the avoided crossing on time scales on the order of 100 ns or slower, the 49S population adiabatically transitions into high-l Rydberg Stark states. The adiabatic state transformation results in a cold gas of Rydberg atoms with large electric dipole moments. After a waiting time of about 1 μs and at sufficient atom density, the adiabatically transformed highly dipolar atoms become undetectable, enabling us to discern adiabatic from diabatic passage behavior through the avoided crossing. We attribute the state-selectivity to m-mixing collisions between the dipolar atoms. The data interpretation is supported by numerical simulations of the passage dynamics and of binary m-mixing collisions.