Change rate of relative sea level (RSL) in Antarctica over the last 25 kyr from a coupled ice sheet - solid Earth model system. Black delineates the grounding line (GL), thin grey the calving front. Green is the GL extent at Last Glacial Maximum, orange the observed present-day GL. Inset shows the global mean sea level change with far-field change rates of up to 50 mm yr−1 at around 14.5 kyr BP, the Meltwater Pulse 1A. Viscoelastic bedrock uplift in response to marine ice sheet retreat can cause near-field sea level drop of up to -200 mm yr−1. Color scale is double logarithmic. Light grey contours indicate ice surface elevation, blue shading indicates the continental shelf up to 1800 m depth.